Airborne Volcanic Gas Measurements at Iliamna Volcano, Alaska 2004-2017

Dates

Publication Date: 2021-12-14
Start Date: 2004
End Date: 2017

Citation

Kelly, P., Kern, C., Werner, C., and Clor, L., 2021, Airborne Volcanic Gas Measurements at Iliamna Volcano, Alaska 2004-2017: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9MC3G1N.

Summary

This release presents data collected during airborne volcanic gas monitoring flights at Iliamna Volcano, Alaska, that were completed between 2004-2017. Instrumented fixed-wing aircraft were used to collect in situ trace gas measurements of volcanic carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). The sensor payload also included an upward-looking correlation spectrometer (COSPEC) and/or differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) system. The remote sensing instruments were used to derive volcanic SO2 emission rates by measuring incident scattered solar ultraviolet radiation while traversing beneath the plume. Gas compositions and COSPEC output (volts) were recorded at 1 Hz and DOAS radiance spectra were [...]

Summary

This release presents data collected during airborne volcanic gas monitoring flights at Iliamna Volcano, Alaska, that were completed between 2004-2017. Instrumented fixed-wing aircraft were used to collect in situ trace gas measurements of volcanic carbon dioxide (CO₂), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S). The sensor payload also included an upward-looking correlation spectrometer (COSPEC) and/or differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) system. The remote sensing instruments were used to derive volcanic SO₂ emission rates by measuring incident scattered solar ultraviolet radiation while traversing beneath the plume. Gas compositions and COSPEC output (volts) were recorded at 1 Hz and DOAS radiance spectra were collected at approximately 1 Hz depending on the ambient light conditions. All data were stamped with the GPS time and location.

Trace gas and COSPEC measurements collected on 16 flights from 2004-2017 are included in a compressed file (GasData_2004_2017_v2.zip) that contains spreadsheets saved in the *.csv format and named using the local date on which the flight occurred in YYYYMMDD format (YYYY = year, MM = month, DD = day). The known values of COSPEC calibration cells used to scale raw measurements and information about gas standards used during in-flight CO₂, SO₂, and H₂S sensor verifications are given in an auxiliary file (GasStandards.csv). DOAS data were collected during 3 flights from 2015-2017; each DOAS spectrum was saved in a separate ASCII file which includes 2048 radiances measured in the 285 - 430 nm spectral region and metadata associated with each acquisition. Additional information concerning the instruments and methods used to collect data from 2004-2007 is available in Doukas and McGee (2007), and in Kelly et al. (2013) and Werner et al. (2013) for data collected after 2007.

See the associated publication for analysis and discussion of these data:
Werner, C., Power, J., Kelly, P., Prejean, S., & Kern, C., 2021, Characterizing unrest: A retrospective look at 20 years of gas emissions and seismicity at Iliamna Volcano, Alaska. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 107448. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2021.107448

References
Doukas, M. P., & McGee, K. A., 2007, A compilation of gas emission-rate data from volcanoes of Cook Inlet (Spurr, Crater Peak, Redoubt, Iliamna, and Augustine) and Alaska Peninsula (Douglas, Fourpeaked, Griggs, Mageik, Martin, Peulik, Ukinrek Maars, and Veniaminof), Alaska, from 1995-2006. https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1400/of2007-1400.pdf

Kelly, P. J., Kern, C., Roberts, T. J., Lopez, T., Werner, C., & Aiuppa, A., 2013, Rapid chemical evolution of tropospheric volcanic emissions from Redoubt Volcano, Alaska, based on observations of ozone and halogen-containing gases. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 259, 317–333. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JVOLGEORES.2012.04.023

Werner, C., Kelly, P. J., Doukas, M., Lopez, T., Pfeffer, M., McGimsey, R., & Neal, C., 2013, Degassing of CO₂, SO₂, and H₂S associated with the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.04.012

Contacts

Point of Contact :: Peter Kelly, Volcano Science Center
Originator :: Peter Kelly, Christoph Kern, Cynthia A Werner, Laura Clor
Metadata Contact :: Peter Kelly, USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory
Publisher :: U.S. Geological Survey
Distributor :: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase
SDC Data Owner :: Volcano Science Center
USGS Mission Area :: Natural Hazards

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Iliamna_metadata.xml “metadata” Original FGDC Metadata	View	21.88 KB	application/fgdc+xml
20120622_Iliamna.jpg “Photo of Iliamna Volcano taken June 22, 2012 (Christoph Kern, AVO/USGS)”		39.48 KB	image/jpeg
DOAS_Spectra_2015_2017.zip “DOAS data”		34.31 MB	application/zip
GasStandards.csv “Information on CO2, SO2, H2S and COSPEC reference standards”		697 Bytes	text/csv
GasData_2004_2017_v2.zip “In situ (CO2, SO2, H2S) and COSPEC data”		3.11 MB	application/zip

Related External Resources

Type: Related Primary Publication

Cynthia Werner, John Power, Peter Kelly, Stephanie Prejean, Christoph Kern, Characterizing unrest: A retrospective look at 20 years of gas emissions and seismicity at Iliamna Volcano, Alaska, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 2021, 107448, ISSN 0377-0273, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2021.107448.	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2021.107448

Purpose

The in situ CO2, SO2, and H2S measurements were collected to analyze the relative composition of volcanic volatiles in the Iliamna Volcano gas plume. This provides insights into the magmatic-hydrothermal system from which the gases originated. The COSPEC and DOAS data were collected to analyze the absorption of incoming scattered solar radiation by SO2 in the volcanic plume. Together with wind speed measurements, these data allow derivation of the volcanic SO2 emission rate at Iliamna Volcano, Alaska. See the associated publication in the Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research for more information (Werner et al., 2021).

Airborne Volcanic Gas Measurements at Iliamna Volcano, Alaska 2004-2017

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