Providing Seasonal-to-Interannual Climate Information for Risk Management and Decision-making

Much has been learned in the interpretation and use of climate information since the 1997/1998 El Niño event that garnered so much attention. Seasonal-to-interannual forecasts are now produced around the world. However, mismatches in their scales, specificity or communication (of forecast content and uncertainties) with decision-maker needs still hinder their use. More work is needed to improve a) the utility of models, b) access to observational and model/forecast data, c) understanding and communication of the opportunities and limitations of forecasts, and d) methods by which decision systems use climate predictions – both through modifications of decision systems and more tailored forecast information. This white paper discusses [...]