1. Riverbank Filtration (RBF) Microbiology: Determination of removal efficiencies of microbes within bank filtration sediments under varied geohydrologic conditions (sediment geology, organic/inorganic geochemistry and flow regime) using flow through, 2-D sand tank, and static minicolumns. 2. Compare RBF attenuation rates for pathogen surrogates (virus to oocyst-sized) to those of natural systems (outflow regions in lakes and ponds) using our previously published methods. These have important implications regarding groundwater under the direct influence of surface water (GUDI). One component involved assessing the subsurface mobility of non-toxic cyanobacteria, subsurface mobility of cyanobacteria and cyanophage (Cyanobacteria-specific [...]