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The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Soil Sample Archive is a database of information describing soil and sediment samples collected in support of USGS science. Samples in the archive have been registered with International Generic Sample Numbers, relabeled with bar-coded sample labels, and repacked in containers for long-term preservation. Details of sample collection location, collection date, associated datasets, mass of remaining sample, storage locations, and other relevant information are tabulated here so that interested parties may identify associated datasets and search, sort, and gain access to archived samples.
These datasets are from an incubation experiment with a combination of two minerals (feldspar or amorphous aluminum hydroxide), one living species of bacteria (Escherichia coli), and one added form of C (Arthrobacter crystallopoietes necromass). We characterized the sorptive properties of the minerals with batch sorption experiments using four low molecular weight C substrates (glucose, oxalic acid, glutamic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid): this data is provided in the SterileSorptionData file. We then conducted a 3-wk long incubation in serum vials or imaging chambers. In both incubations, feldspar (200 mg) or amorphous aluminum hydroxide (100 mg) was given 1 of 4 different treatments: (1) a water control with autoclaved...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Mineralogy,
Raman spectroscopy,
Soil Sciences,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
biota,
Early studies of soil formation highlighted several key factors that together determine the degree of soil pedogenesis, which include climate, organisms (including vegetation), topography, and parent material (Jenny H.; 1941; Factors of Soil Formation, a System of Quantitative Pedology; https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1941.00021962003300090016x). A soil chronosequence is defined as a series of soils in which all soil-forming factors except time are similar, where time is represented by soil or landform age. In 1978, the late Denis Marchand launched a project to identify, sample, and analyze soil profiles from seven soil chronosequences in the Western United States. The resulting datasets were compiled as part of a...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Arapaho cirque,
Colorado Front Range,
Cowlitz River,
Feather River,
Geochemistry,
Karst systems are useful for examining spatial and temporal variability in Critical Zone processes because they provide a window into the subsurface where waters have interacted with vegetation, soils, regolith, and bedrock across a range of length and time scales. The majority of Critical Zone research has emphasized silicate lithologies, which are typified by relatively slow rates of reactivity and incongruent weathering. However, weathering of carbonate dominated lithology can result in secondary mineral deposits, such as speleothems, which provide a long-term archive for Critical Zone processes. Examination of carbon isotope variability in speleothems has the potential to provide records of changes in vegetation,...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Blue Springs Cave,
Tennessee,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
White County,
carbon,
Our objective is to develop improved integration of data and models of soil and ecosystem processes at the regional scale in order to better quantify change in response disturbances, particularly drought. Specifically, we synthesize existing and generate new datasets of soil properties of soils form the Upper Colorado River Basin region of the Western US. Data types include geospatial databases and maps; soil physical, chemical, and biological datasets; soil hydrologic data; stream and river chemistry associated with regional mapping of soils; model input parameterizations and output data.
The storage and persistence of soil organic matter (SOM) is of critical importance to soil health, and to the terrestrial carbon cycle with implications for long-term climate change. To better understand the spatio-temporal controls on SOM, we have developed a new dataset spanning two previously described marine terrace soil chronosequences from northern, CA, USA: the Santa Cruz and the Mattole River chronosequences. Each of these sites, is comprised of several terraces surfaces that span at least 200 ka of soil development. The sites differ with regard to local precipitation, with the Mattole site receiving nearly double the mean annual precipitation of the Santa Cruz site. During the period from 2011 through 2016,...
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: California,
Geochemistry,
Land Use Change,
Land Use Change,
Petrolia,
Recent catastrophic droughts and wildfires have killed almost 20% of mature giant sequoia trees across California, and it is uncertain whether natural seedling regeneration will be enough to restore these forests, especially in severely burned areas. Researchers supported by this Southwest CASC project will assess whether soil conditions, such as moisture and soil microbial communities can increase sequoia seedling survival. Findings from this project will help land managers identify the most effective replanting strategies and determine which areas are more or less likely to support successful sequoia seedling regeneration. Ancient groves of giant sequoia trees inspire people all over the world. Recently, however,...
Categories: Project;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: 2024,
CASC,
Drought, Fire and Extreme Weather,
Drought, Fire and Extreme Weather,
Fire,
Soils are a vast reservoir of organic carbon (C), rendering the fate of soil C an important control on the global climate system. Widespread changes in soil C storage capacity present a potentially strong feedback to global change. Yet, a comprehensive understanding of how soil C will respond to climate and/or land use disturbance remains illusive, resulting in major uncertainties in global climate models. Our working group will synthesize information on the processes controlling soil C storage across different spatial scales and develop new procedures to translate local measurements to the regional and global scale datasets used by models. These activities will improve our ability to map the vulnerability of soil...
Abiotic sorption experiments were conducted with four carbon substrates (glucose, glutamic acid, oxalic acid, para-hydroxybenzoic acid) on four clay minerals (kaolinite, feldspar, ferrihydrite, amorphous aluminum hydroxide) after sterilization by gamma irradiation. The adsorption isotherms were carried across a range of substrate carbon concentrations (0, 20, 100, and 500 mg carbon per L) and pH conditions (approximately 5 – 9) in a background of 10 mM NaCl for 48 hours. The data release contains measured pH values and carbon concentrations before and after the sorption experiments. The release provides derived values of carbon sorption (e.g., carbon sorbed per mineral surface area) as well as characterization of...
In July 1992 soils were sampled from six dune fields in the northern Lower Peninsula of Michigan near Wilderness State Park, about 10 miles southwest of Mackinaw City. The dune fields represent a soil chronosequence, where all soil forming factors except time are held constant (climate, organisms, relief, and parent material). These sandy lake terrace soils are Entisols and Spodosols (Podzols), with ages ranging from 3,000 to 11,000 years. The samples were collected to examine podzolization and associated changes in soil properties. Samples collected for this study were assigned categorical profile and layer level descriptions for observable qualities such as soil color, structure, and texture at the time of collection....
Abstract Improved quantification of the factors controlling soil organic matter (SOM) stabilization at continental to global scales is needed to inform projections of the largest actively cycling terrestrial carbon pool on Earth, and its response to environmental change. Biogeochemical models rely almost exclusively on clay content to modify rates of SOM turnover and fluxes of climate-active CO2 to the atmosphere. Emerging conceptual understanding, however, suggests other soil physicochemical properties may predict SOM stabilization better than clay content. We addressed this discrepancy by synthesizing data from over 5,500 soil profiles spanning continental scale environmental gradients. Here, we demonstrate that...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation
Atmospheric particulate matter deposited to snow cover diminishes snow-surface albedo and results in early onset and rapid snow melting, challenging management of downstream water resources. We present here physical and chemical data from snow samples from 14 sites during the melt seasons of water years 2013-16 across 60,000 km2 of the central Rocky Mountains within the Upper Colorado River basin. The samples represented the last remaining particulate-laden surfaces after individual dust layers and particles from background fallout had merged. The samples were examined for relations among properties of spectral reflectance, types and amounts of light absorbing particles (LAPs), chemical composition, and particle...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Berthoud Pass,
Climatology,
Colorado River Basin,
Colorado Rocky Mountains,
Dust,
These datasets are from an incubation experiment with a combination of two minerals (feldspar or amorphous aluminum hydroxide), one living species of bacteria (Escherichia coli), and one added form of C (Arthrobacter crystallopoietes necromass). We characterized the sorptive properties of the minerals with batch sorption experiments using four low molecular weight C substrates (glucose, oxalic acid, glutamic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid): this data is provided in the SterileSorptionData file. We then conducted a 3-wk long incubation in serum vials or imaging chambers. In both incubations, feldspar (200 mg) or amorphous aluminum hydroxide (100 mg) was given 1 of 4 different treatments: (1) a water control with autoclaved...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Mineralogy,
Raman spectroscopy,
Soil Sciences,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
biota,
Stabilization of SOM (soil organic matter) is regulated in part by sorption and desorption reactions happening at mineral surfaces, as well as precipitation and dissolution of organo-metal complexes. Fe and Al hydroxides play a particularly significant role in SOM stabilization in soils due to their ubiquitous distribution and their highly reactive surface properties. Iron and Al hydroxides exist in soils across a wide spectrum of crystallinity, ranging from dissolved Fe and Al cations which combine with organics to form organo-metal precipitates to the more crystalline end members, goethite and gibbsite, which sorb SOM through a variety of molecular interactions. Though the importance of these sorption and precipitation...
Light-absorbing particles in atmospheric dust deposited on snow cover (dust-on-snow, DOS) diminish albedo and accelerate the timing and rate of snow melt. Identification of these particles and their effects are relevant to snow-radiation modeling and water-resource management. Laboratory-measured reflectance of DOS samples from the San Juan Mountains (USA) were compared with DOS mass loading, particle sizes, iron mineralogy, carbonaceous matter type and content, and chemical compositions. Samples were collected each spring for water years 2011-2016, when individual dust layers had merged into one (all layers merged) at the snow surface. Average reflectance values of the six samples were 0.2153 (sd, 0.0331) across...
This dataset provides topographic indices derived from 1 m resolution DEMs for sequoia groves in both Sequoia-Kings Canyon and Yosemite National Parks. All mapped sequoia groves in Sequoia-Kings Canyon National Park and two groves from Yosemite National Park, Merced and Mariposa, are included. For each grove, aspect, slope, the stream network, height above nearest drainage (HAND), depth to water (DTW), maximum elevation deviation (DEVmax), and heat load index (HLI) are calculated. These indices were chosen because of their relevance in determining soil moisture across a landscape. Derived topographic parameters were calculated using 1 m DEMs generated in 2016 resampled to 3 m and a combination of ArcGIS Pro Tools,...
Categories: Data;
Types: Downloadable,
GeoTIFF,
Map Service,
Raster;
Tags: Geography,
Remote Sensing,
Sequoia National Park,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
Yosemite National Park,
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