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Description of Work This spring (2014) we will measure Asian carp eDNA over time at a Missouri River site downstream of multiple spawning areas before and during spawning. We will measure the amount of Asian carp eDNA in water samples. The amount of eDNA will be related to the numbers of eggs and larvae counted in matched samples (water samples taken at the same time and place). The time since the eDNA was released by the carp will be estimated and these results will be related to the average age of AC eggs and larvae in matched samples. We will also test for substances which interfere with the eDNA measurement techniques and can lead to false negatives. We will also be validating markers developed by USGS and...
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Description of Work In separate studies, bighead carp and silver carp were raised in waters of varying hardness. Survival, correct development, and hatching success were monitored. Additionally, a search of the Asian literature (including Chinese-language literature) on water hardness in areas where Asian carp are native was performed. Relevance & Impact If soft water limits Asian carp hatching success, then this would mean that large areas of the Great Lakes and east and west coast drainages would not be at risk of Asian carp establishment. Key Findings Both bighead carp and silver carp developed normally and the eggs hatched normally in all water hardnesses tested, including very soft water. The Yangtze River,...
Interest in the field of environmental DNA (eDNA) is growing rapidly and eDNA surveys are becoming an important consideration for aquatic resource managers dealing with invasive species. However, in order for eDNA monitoring to mature as a research and management tool, there are several critical knowledge gaps that must be filled. One such gap is the fate of eDNA materials in the aquatic environment. Understanding the environmental factors that influence the decay of eDNA and how these factors impact detection probabilities over time and space could have significant implications for eDNA survey design and data interpretation. Here we experimentally explore eDNA decay in waste materials and reproductive cells obtained...
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Data collected from a comprehensive set of hydrodynamic experiments conducted with live grass carp eggs and larvae, to evaluate drifting and swimming patterns with 3 different in-stream obstructions: (1) a gravel bump, (2) a single cylinder, and (3) submerged vegetation. The hydrodynamic behavior of eggs and larvae with each obstruction was continuously monitored for about 85 consecutive hours. Transient spatial distributions of the locations of eggs and larvae across the water column were generated for each flow scenario.
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Diploid and triploid Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon Idella) tagged with acoustic transmitters were observed in Truman Reservoir, Missouri from February 2017 to March 2019 to determine habitat usage in winter. Habitat parameters were measured at used and available sites to model habitat preference. In addition, tagged fish were targeted during removal attempts to determine the efficacy of using tagged Judas Grass Carp in removing wild conspecifics. This dataset includes information on tagged Grass Carp and habitats they selected as well as capture events and characteristics of the wild fish caught during these attempts.
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Data represent reports of capture of black carp by commercial fishers and biologists with information regarding size characteristics of collected individuals, dimensions of capture gears, and spatial and temporal distributions of captures.
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Sensory input and systems are critical for organisms to respond to their environment, allowing movement to suitable habitat and potential escape from predators. While many stages of grass carp ontogeny have been described, neurosensory development remains unclear. Using behavioral tests, we looked at phonotaxis and chemotaxis from initial gas bladder inflation to the development of the second gas bladder chamber (the period during which larvae leave the drift and move into nursery areas). Rheotaxis was examined from hatch through gas bladder inflation by quantifying orientation in a laboratory flume.
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Description of Work Bighead, silver and grass carp larvae were raised in the laboratory. Larvae were observed during the hatching process. Recently hatched larvae were placed in 10 feet tall clear vertical containers where the carp were exposed to light for a similar amount of time during the day as they would experience in a river during the spawning period. Depth selection, swimming behavior, and swimming speed were observed in both day and night periods. Relevance & Impact Understanding the stage at which Asian carps begin swimming is critical to development of models that predict whether a river is adequate for reproduction by Asian carps. Knowledge of where and how Asian carp larvae arrive in nursery areas...
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Description of Work USGS employees worked with Chinese scientists to acquire and translate existing Chinese science on development. Then, bighead and silver carps were spawned and the eggs and larvae reared in the laboratory, with close control on temperature and very close observation of the different developmental stages. Multiple spawning events of each species were necessary to understand variability in developmental rate. Preserved voucher specimens and microscope photography were taken of all developmental stages. Relevance & Impact These data were first used to model the spawning locations of Asian carps in the Missouri River. They were later used in the development of the more advanced FluEgg model, which...
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Diploid and triploid Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon Idella) tagged with acoustic transmitters were observed in Truman Reservoir, Missouri from January 2017 to October 2019 to determine longitudinal movements potentially associated with spawning. Passive acoustic receivers were deployed throughout the reservoir and its tributaries to monitor fish movements as they traversed up and downstream. This dataset consists of the detections made by passive receivers and those made by manual tracking.
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A series of laboratory experiments were conducted to better understand the behavior of grass carp eggs and larvae in moving water in order to develop and implement new strategies for control and prediction of their dispersal and drift at early life stages. Settling velocity and density of a representative sample of eggs were estimated, and three trials of flume experiments with different flow conditions were conducted with live eggs in a temperature-controlled setting with a mobile sediment bed. In these trials, egg and larval stages were continuously analyzed over periods of 80 hours; and eggs and larvae interactions with the flow and sediment bed were monitored and characterized qualitatively and quantitatively....
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Data represent a comparison of herding techniques commonly used by natural resource agencies and the public to increase removal or harvest of invasive carp (i.e., Silver Carp) from U.S. waterways. Sites on lower Perche Creek, Columbia, MO (2018 August 9th to 2018 October 26th) were contained using block nets and treated with one of five herding techniques: (1) method commonly used by commercial fishers in the U.S. (“commercial technique”), (2) pulsed-DC electrofishing (“electric technique”), (3) broadband sound administered with underwater speakers (“sound technique”), (4) both sound and electric in combination (“combination technique”), and (5) solely the boat with no added stimulus (“control”). Sites were administered...
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Black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus and grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella are morphologically similar species imported from eastern Asia to North America as biological control organisms. Preferred identification methods are coloration and pharyngeal tooth form. Grass carp possess serrated teeth and black carp molariform teeth. Examination of pharyngeal teeth causes extensive damage to a specimen, and is labor and time intensive. Coloration can vary within a species and fades with preservation. We present a suite of external characteristics consisting of a truss network canonical variate analysis of distance measurements among landmarks on the lateral view of the head of each fish, the ratio of head length to mouth...
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Data regarding tag retention and survival associated with implanting acoustic tags into small bighead carp (range 128-152 mm total length) at three separate temperatures (13°C, 18°C, and 23°C), and changes in weight or critical swimming speed.
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A piscicide delivery method was designed to selectively target black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus, an invasive species in North America which possesses specially adapted pharyngeal teeth for crushing mollusk prey. Bait was prepared by attaching a glass vial containing toxicant (antimycin A) to the exterior of Corbicula fluminea clam valve. The vial was designed to break by the force exerted from the fish’s (550 millimeter total length) pharyngeal teeth when the fish attempted to crush and consume the clam. Suitable vial size was tested for encapsulating piscicide and two attachment materials, aquarium epoxy and ultraviolet light (UV) cured attachment material. Toxic baits consisting of antimycin A piscicide were...
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Description of Work To achieve a better understanding of seasonal habitats and migratory behaviors of Asian carp, we will conduct studies using telemetry, sonar and conventional fish sampling to determine 1) if, when, and where Asian carp congregate, 2) habitat overlap between Asian carp and native fishes, especially native filter-feeding fishes and potential predators, and 3) the suitability of large rivers and tributaries for spawning by Asian carp. We will also assess feeding behaviors by sampling food particles from areas with telemetry-tagged fish, at random sites and in Asian carp stomachs. Food from these sources will be characterized with a particle analyzer, genetics and microscopy to determine preferences...
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Description of Work USGS researchers have determined the densities of the eggs as these develop, and how much time the bighead and silver carp require to begin swimming and migrating laterally from flowing water into nursery habitat. This information about egg transport requirements was used to create a Tributary Assessment Tool also referred to as the Fluvial Egg Drift Simulator (FluEgg) model. The development of this tool was a collaborative effort between USGS and the University of Illinois. The tool takes into account the hydraulics of a river (water velocity and dispersion rates) and the water temperature (affects egg and larvae development rates) in order to determine if a river is sufficiently long and the...
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An inventory (enumeration and taxonomic identification) of diet items consumed by wild-caught black carp, based on the examination of gut contents from fish that were collected in the lower Mississippi River drainage of the U.S.
In this experimental series we studied the swimming capabilities and response of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) larvae to flow turbulence in a laboratory flume. We compared three different experimental configurations, representing in-stream obstructions commonly found in natural streams (e.g. a gravel bump, a single vertical cylinder, and patches of submerged rigid vegetation). Grass carp larvae (post gas bladder emergence) were introduce to each experimental configuration and subjected to a variety of hydrodynamic forces of different magnitudes and scales. We varied the flow velocities and water depths and found threshold values of turbulent kinetic energy and Reynolds stresses that triggered an apparent...
map background search result map search result map Black carp and grass carp morphometric measurements Tag retention and survival of juvenile bighead carp implanted with an acoustic tag at three temperatures. Survival and drifting patterns of grass carp eggs and larvae in response to interactions with flow and sediment in a laboratory flume Black Carp in North America: a description of range, habitats, time of year, and methods of reported captures, May 2015-September 2018 Swimming speeds of grass carp in response to turbulence Invasive carp movement rates among five herding techniques using adaptive resolution imaging sonar on the Lower Perche Creek, Columbia, MO Water quality, habitat, sampling methods and characteristics for grass carp in Truman Reservoir Missouri, 2017-2019 Capture method, habitat, length, and diet items consumed by wild-caught black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) in the Mississippi River Basin, 2017-2019 Survival of grass carp and black carp gavaged with an oral dose of antimycin A in two carriers, corn oil and ethanol Grass Carp detections via stationary receivers and manual tracking on Truman Reservoir, MO, January 2017 to October 2019 Size, attachment material and efficacy of piscicide delivery vials and baits for control of black carp, Mylopharyngodon piceus Behavioral responses to different sensory stimuli in larval Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella Tag retention and survival of juvenile bighead carp implanted with an acoustic tag at three temperatures. Swimming speeds of grass carp in response to turbulence Behavioral responses to different sensory stimuli in larval Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella Survival and drifting patterns of grass carp eggs and larvae in response to interactions with flow and sediment in a laboratory flume Survival of grass carp and black carp gavaged with an oral dose of antimycin A in two carriers, corn oil and ethanol Size, attachment material and efficacy of piscicide delivery vials and baits for control of black carp, Mylopharyngodon piceus Invasive carp movement rates among five herding techniques using adaptive resolution imaging sonar on the Lower Perche Creek, Columbia, MO Water quality, habitat, sampling methods and characteristics for grass carp in Truman Reservoir Missouri, 2017-2019 Grass Carp detections via stationary receivers and manual tracking on Truman Reservoir, MO, January 2017 to October 2019 Capture method, habitat, length, and diet items consumed by wild-caught black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) in the Mississippi River Basin, 2017-2019 Black Carp in North America: a description of range, habitats, time of year, and methods of reported captures, May 2015-September 2018 Black carp and grass carp morphometric measurements