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Project Overview: Native Yellowstone cutthroat trout and mountain whitefish in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYA) are ecologically and socio-economically important species, but are threatened by drought, rising water temperatures, habitat loss, and non-native species. Researchers supported by this North Central CASC project will use climate data and extensive population records to assess the various threats to the species and to create a data visualization tool to help managers prioritize conservation actions for these vulnerable and valuable fish populations. Project Summary: In the Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA), drought, rising water temperatures, habitat loss, and non-native species are threatening the...
Climate change may facilitate the expansion of non-native invasive species (NIS) in aquatic and terrestrial systems. However, empirical evidence remains scarce and poorly synthesized at scales necessary for effective management. We conducted a literature synthesis to assess the state of research on the observed and predicted effects of climate change on a suite of 398 aquatic and terrestrial NIS now present in or a major threat to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems of the Pacific Northwest (PNW), USA and British Columbia. Surprisingly, very few studies (n = 15) have investigated the observed effects of climate change on the distribution, abundance, spread, or impact of the focal NIS, with only five studies focusing...
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To determine minimum coverage of perennial snow and ice cover for Glacier National Park, the minimum extent of glaciers and multi-year snow features were digitized from satellite imagery (10-meter NAPP 2003, NAIP 2005, and NAIP 2013, and 30-cm resolution, multispectral, pansharpened Digital Globe WorldView satellite imagery collected in late summer and fall 2015). Features were digitized in ArcGIS version 10.2 using a Wacom Intuos 4 digitizing tablet. Snow and ice features were classified as glacier, large ice mass, or perennial snow/ice. Glaciers were based on current, named glaciers. Remnant ice features not large enough to be classified as glaciers, but showing evidence of crevasses, were classified as large...
Global climate change is likely to dramatically impact the structure and function of freshwater systems, yet no studies have comprehensively assessed the potential effects of climate change on aquatic ecosystems in the Great Northern Landscape. The continued research described herein aims to build on an existing climate change and transboundary research program to assess the potential hydrologic, geomorphic, and thermal effects on foodwebs (rare and endemic macroinvertebrates), native salmonids (threatened bull trout and westslope cutthroat trout), and lotic habitats in the transboundary (US and Canada) Flathead River system. The project will apply new and existing techniques for combining downscaled and regionalized...
Didymosphenia geminata (didymo) is a freshwater alga native to North America, including Glacier National Park, Montana. It has long been considered a cold-water species, but has recently spread to lower latitudes and warmer waters, and increasingly forms large blooms that cover streambeds. We used a comprehensive monitoring data set from the National Park Service (NPS) and USGS models of stream temperatures to explore the drivers of didymo abundance in Glacier National Park. We estimate that approximately 64% of the stream length in the park contains didymo, with around 5% in a bloom state. Results suggest that didymo abundance likely increased over the study period (2007–2009), with blooms becoming more common....
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The dataset “Glacier_National_Park_alpine_stream_sampling_watersheds,_2011-2013.shp” is a GIS shapefile of the drainage areas of each of the 129 alpine and glacial aquatic macroinvertebrate collection sites included in an analysis to test the prediction that glacier retreat reduces biodiversity in mountain ecosystems through the loss of uniquely adapted meltwater stream species in Glacier National Park, USA. In conjunction with the dataset “Minimum snow and ice coverage for GNP, 2003-2015”, this dataset was used to calculate the proportion of contemporary ice and snow coverage for each watershed drainage area.
Global climate change is likely to dramatically impact the structure and function of freshwater systems, yet no studies have comprehensively assessed the potential effects of climate change on aquatic ecosystems in the Great Northern Landscape. The continued research described herein aims to build on an existing climate change and transboundary research program to assess the potential hydrologic, geomorphic, and thermal effects on foodwebs (rare and endemic macroinvertebrates), native salmonids (threatened bull trout and westslope cutthroat trout), and lotic habitats in the transboundary (US and Canada) Flathead River system. The project will apply new and existing techniques for combining downscaled and regionalized...
Abstract (from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gcb.13681/full): Hybridization between invasive and native species, a significant threat to worldwide biodiversity, is predicted to increase due to climate-induced expansions of invasive species. Long-term research and monitoring are crucial for understanding the ecological and evolutionary processes that modulate the effects of invasive species. Using a large, multidecade genetics dataset (N = 582 sites, 12,878 individuals) with high-resolution climate predictions and extensive stocking records, we evaluate the spatiotemporal dynamics of hybridization between native cutthroat trout and invasive rainbow trout, the world's most widely introduced invasive fish,...
In this study, scientists with the U.S. Geological Survey, Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, and the University of Montana studied how climate change affected world-renown trout fisheries across 3,100 miles rivers in Montana from 1983 to 2017. Extreme droughts reduced streamflows and increased water temperatures, causing stressful conditions for trout and numerous fishing site closures. This resulted in anglers moving to find fishing locations that were more favorable to trout during extreme drought conditions. By moving to fishing locations that were more favorable during drought, visitors kept trout fishing revenue in the state rather than choosing to travel elsewhere. This flexibility revealed surprising resiliency...
Categories: Publication; Types: Citation
Global climate change is expected to dramatically impact the structure and function of freshwater systems, yet no studies have comprehensively assessed the potential effects of climate change on aquatic ecosystems in the Great Northern Landscape. The proposed research aims to build on an existing climate change research project focused on hydrologic and thermal effects on foodwebs, native salmonids (threatened bull trout and westslope cutthroat trout), and lotic habitats in the transboundary (US and Canada) Flathead River system. The project will apply new and existing techniques for combining downscaled climate spatial data with fine‐scale aquatic species vulnerability assessments (invertebrates→fish), population...
Climate change and invasive species are major threats to native biodiversity, but few studies have examined their combined effects at large spatial and temporal scales. Using 21,917 surveys collected over 30 years, we quantified the impacts of climate change on the past and future distributions of five interacting native and invasive trout species throughout the northern Rocky Mountains, USA. We found that the occupancy of native bull trout and cutthroat trout declined by 18% and 6%, respectively, from 1993 to 2018 and was predicted to decrease by an additional 39% and 16% by 2080. However, reasons for the occupancy reductions differed markedly across species; increasing water temperature and decreasing streamflow...
Categories: Publication; Types: Citation
Abstract (from Science Advances): Heterogeneity is a central feature of ecosystem resilience, but how this translates to socioeconomic resilience depends on people’s ability to track shifting resources in space and time. Here, we quantify how climatic extremes have influenced how people (fishers) track economically valuable ecosystem services (fishing opportunities) across a range of spatial scales in rivers of the northern Rocky Mountains, USA, over the past three decades. Fishers opportunistically shifted from drought-sensitive to drought-resistant rivers during periods of low streamflows and warm temperatures. This adaptive behavior stabilized fishing pressure and expenditures by a factor of 2.6 at the scale...
Categories: Publication; Types: Citation
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Table of habitat data, including location coordinates and upstream glacial coverage for aquatic macroinvertebrate sampling sites. Data used for analysis of macroinvertebrate samples collected from alpine and glacial streams in Glacier National Park.
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As the origin of three major basins that drain the Columbia, Missouri, and Saskatchewan rivers, Montana is the hydrologic apex for North America. The Northern Rocky Mountain region is home to some of the last remaining interconnected habitats for many native fishes, including the threatened bull trout and native westslope cutthroat trout. The Northern Rockies are also experiencing rapidly changing climate conditions, with temperatures rising at twice the global average. These changes are having a range of impacts on aquatic ecosystems, including warming stream temperatures and changing streamflow regimes. This region is also experiencing a rise in the expansion of alien invasive fish species, which further threaten...
Project Summary: Climate change is impacting freshwater ecosystems worldwide, yet the potential and realized effects on aquatic ecosystems and resources in the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem (CCE) are poorly understood. The continued research described herein builds on an existing climate change and transboundary research program evaluating physical (thermal, hydrologic, geomorphic) and biotic (invasive species) effects on foodwebs (rare macroinvertebrates), native salmonids (threatened bull trout and westslope cutthroat trout), and habitats in the Transboundary Flathead River system and CCE. The project will integrate downscaled and regionalized climate models with riverscape data, fine-scale aquatic species...
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Salmonids, a group of coldwater adapted fishes of enormous ecological and socio-economic value, historically inhabited a variety of freshwater habitats throughout the Pacific Northwest (PNW). Over the past century, however, populations have dramatically declined due to habitat loss, overharvest, and invasive species. Consequently, many populations are listed as threatened or endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Complicating these stressors is global warming and associated climate change. Overall, aquatic ecosystems across the PNW are predicted to experience increasingly earlier snowmelt in the spring, reduced late spring and summer flows, increased winter flooding, warmer and drier summers, increased...
Climate change and invasive species are major threats to native biodiversity, but few empirical studies have examined their combined effects at large spatial and temporal scales. Using 21,917 surveys collected over 30 years, we quantified the impacts of climate change on the past and future distributions of five interacting native and invasive trout species throughout the northern Rocky Mountains, USA. We found that the occupancy of native bull trout and cutthroat trout declined by 18 and 6%, respectively (1993–2018), and was predicted to decrease by an additional 39 and 16% by 2080. However, reasons for these occupancy reductions markedly differed among species: Climate-driven increases in water temperature and...
Categories: Publication; Types: Citation
Abstract (from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169534715000075): Extrinsic factors influencing evolutionary processes are often categorically lumped into interactions that are environmentally (e.g., climate, landscape) or community-driven, with little consideration of the overlap or influence of one on the other. However, genomic variation is strongly influenced by complex and dynamic interactions between environmental and community effects. Failure to consider both effects on evolutionary dynamics simultaneously can lead to incomplete, spurious, or erroneous conclusions about the mechanisms driving genomic variation. We highlight the need for a landscape community genomics (LCG) framework to...
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This data release incorporates high-resolution geospatial and biological data and accompanies a peer-reviewed manuscript “Specialized meltwater biodiversity persists despite widespread deglaciation”. In this study, we tested the prediction that glacier retreat reduces biodiversity in mountain ecosystems through the loss of uniquely adapted meltwater stream species in Glacier National Park, USA. This dataset, “Glacier National Park alpine aquatic invertebrates, 2011-2013”, includes location and landscape data, as well as quantitative aquatic macroinvertebrate community data for 129 collection sites within Glacier National Park. Additionally, this dataset includes watershed drainage area, area of ice and perennial...
map background search result map search result map Predicting Climate Change Impacts on River Ecosystems and Salmonids across the Pacific Northwest Understanding Climate Impacts on Native and Invasive Fish for Conservation, Management, and Economic Goals in the Northern Rockies Glacier National Park alpine aquatic invertebrates, 2011-2013 Glacier National Park alpine aquatic invertebrates, 2011-2013 Minimum snow and ice coverage for GNP, 2003-2015 Glacier National Park alpine stream sampling watersheds, 2011-2013 Leveraging Existing Data to Assess the Vulnerability of Native Salmonid Populations in the Greater Yellowstone Area Glacier National Park alpine stream sampling watersheds, 2011-2013 Glacier National Park alpine aquatic invertebrates, 2011-2013 Glacier National Park alpine aquatic invertebrates, 2011-2013 Minimum snow and ice coverage for GNP, 2003-2015 Leveraging Existing Data to Assess the Vulnerability of Native Salmonid Populations in the Greater Yellowstone Area Predicting Climate Change Impacts on River Ecosystems and Salmonids across the Pacific Northwest Understanding Climate Impacts on Native and Invasive Fish for Conservation, Management, and Economic Goals in the Northern Rockies