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This dataset provides location information and some limited attributes of known and potential ciénegas in the Madrean Archipelago ecoregion and closely surrounding area. This was created using point data and information provided by Dean Hendrickson and Thomas Minckley, combined with potential locations derived from analysis of classified raster land cover images and other specialized datasets. Ciénegas, as defined here, are wetlands in arid and semi-arid regions associated with groundwater or lotic components that ideally result in perennial waters on temporal scales of decades to centuries. Ciénegas are typically located at elevations ranging from 0 to 2000m. Ciénegas are typified by significant differences in...
This data release contains data used in an associated publication: Petrakis, R.E., Norman, L.M., Vaughn, K., Pritzlaff, R., Weaver, C., Rader, A., and Pulliam, H.R., 2021, Hierarchical Clustering for Paired Watershed Experiments: Case Study in Southeastern Arizona, U.S.A.: Water, v. 13, no. 21, p. 2955, https://doi.org/10.3390/w13212955. The overarching effects and benefits of land management decisions, such as through watershed restoration, are often not fully understood due to a lacking control within an experimental design. This can be addressed through the application of a paired watershed approach, allowing for comparison between treatment and control watersheds. We developed and applied a statistic-based...
This dataset contains hydrological data collected at a series of leaky weirs on a working ranchland site in a semiarid ecosystem in Cochise County, Arizona, from 2018-2020. Leaky weirs are a type of structure being experimented with by land managers in aridlands to reduce peak flow events and increase recharge to the aquifer. The weirs are constructed of rock cemented into place in areas of exposed bedrock within the channel are built to allow for water to leak through slowly. Three sites were instrumented for monitoring, one control and two sites treated with ‘leaky weirs’. At each site, at least one pressure transducer was installed in a piezometer to measure water level. Each site also had multiple “3-in-1” gauges,...
Annual (1986-2020) land-use/land cover maps at 30-meter resolution of the Tucson metropolitan area, Arizona and the greater Santa Cruz Watershed including Nogales, Sonora, Mexico. Maps were created using a combination of Landsat imagery, derived transformation and indices, texture analysis and other ancillary data fed to a Random Forest classifier in Google Earth Engine. The maps contain 13 classes based on the National Land Cover Classification scheme and modified to reflect local land cover types. Data are presented as a stacked, multi-band raster with one "band" for each year (Band 1 = 1986, Band 2 = 1987 and so on). Note that the year 2012 was left out of our time series because of lack of quality Landsat data....
Recently intensifying drought conditions have caused increased stress to non-native tamarisk vegetation across riparian areas of the San Carlos Apache Tribe (hereafter Tribe) and the Upper Gila River watershed in Arizona and New Mexico. This also increases wildfire risk in the area, making the removal of tamarisk vegetation a primary restoration and climate adaptation objective for the Tribe. The research from this project can improve the Tribe’s capacity to map tamarisk and other riparian vegetation, in addition to monitoring the relative condition and water stress of the vegetation in a timely manner. Specifically, the project will help identify where tamarisk is on the reservation and inform restoration actions...
Categories: Project;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: 2023,
CASC,
Indigenous Peoples,
Indigenous Peoples,
Plants,
We apply a research approach that can inform riparian restoration planning by developing products that show recent trends in vegetation conditions identifying areas potentially more at risk for degradation and the associated relationship between riparian vegetation dynamics and climate conditions. The full suite of data products and a link to the associated publication addressing this analysis can be found on the Parent data release. For this study, the vegetation conditions are characterized using a series of remote sensing vegetation indices developing using satellite imagery, including the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Tasseled Cap (TC) Transformation. The NDVI is a commonly used vegetation...
We apply a research approach that can inform riparian restoration planning by developing products that show recent trends in vegetation conditions identifying areas potentially more at risk for degradation and the associated relationship between riparian vegetation dynamics and climate conditions. The vegetation is characterized using a series of remote sensing vegetation indices developing using satellite imagery, including the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Tasseled Cap (TC) Transformation metrics of brightness, greenness, and wetness. Each of these remote sensing vegetation indices provides a unique characterization of the vegetation properties. For example, NDVI provides a general overview...
The riparian vegetation within the San Carlos Apache Reservation (hereafter Reservation), within the Upper Gila River watershed extending from southwestern New Mexico into southeastern Arizona, provides immense ecological and cultural value to the people of the San Carlos Apache Tribe (hereafter referred to as the Tribe/Tribal) but has experienced substantial changes and stresses over the past century because of fluctuations in climate and a series of human-induced and natural disturbances. This research addresses these challenges by analyzing the riparian vegetation within the Upper Gila River watershed using aerial and satellite imagery, and by documenting the direct relationship to fluctuations in climate conditions....
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation
We apply a research approach that can inform riparian restoration planning by developing products that show recent trends in vegetation conditions identifying areas potentially more at risk for degradation and the associated relationship between riparian vegetation dynamics and climate conditions. The full suite of data products and a link to the associated publication addressing this analysis can be found on the Parent data release. For this study, the vegetation conditions are characterized using a series of remote sensing vegetation indices developed using satellite imagery, including the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The NDVI is a commonly used vegetation index that quantifies relative greenness...
We apply a research approach that can inform riparian restoration planning by developing products that show recent trends in vegetation conditions identifying areas potentially more at risk for degradation and the associated relationship between riparian vegetation dynamics and climate conditions. The full suite of data products and a link to the associated publication addressing this analysis can be found on the Parent data release. For this study, the vegetation conditions are characterized using a series of remote sensing vegetation indices developing using satellite imagery, including the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Tasseled Cap (TC) Transformation. The NDVI is a commonly used vegetation...
We apply a research approach that can inform riparian restoration planning by developing products that show recent trends in vegetation conditions identifying areas potentially more at risk for degradation and the associated relationship between riparian vegetation dynamics and climate conditions. The full suite of data products and a link to the associated publication addressing this analysis can be found on the Parent data release. To characterize the climate conditions across the study period, we use the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). The SPEI is a water balance index which includes both precipitation and evapotranspiration in its calculation. Conditions from the prior n months, generally...
Categories: Data
This dataset contains data used in the associated publication in the International Journal of Remote Sensing. The geodatabase contains four feature classes: AOI, MajorZone, MinorZone, and Green2007. Publication can be found at https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2018.1437297. Publication abstract: Watershed restoration efforts seek to rejuvenate vegetation, biological diversity, and land productivity at Cienega San Bernardino, an important wetland in southeastern Arizona and northern Sonora, Mexico. Rock detention and earthen berm structures were built on the Cienega San Bernardino over the course of four decades, beginning in 1984 and continuing to the present. Previous research findings show that restoration supports...
Mapping the spatial dynamics of perceived social value across the landscape can help develop a restoration economy that can support ecosystem services in the region. Many different methods have been used to map perceived social value. We used the Social Values for Ecosystem Services (SolVES) GIS tool, version 3.0, which uses social survey responses and various environmental variables to map social value. In the social survey distributed by the Borderlands Restoration Network (BRN) in May 2017, the respondents were asked to consider twelve different social values and map locations on a map where they perceived those social values to be. Additionally, they were asked to weigh each social value using a total of 100...
This dataset contains vegetation data collected at a variety of watershed restoration sites across southeastern Arizona over 5 years. The semiarid habitats in the Madrean Archipelago Ecoregion, which extends from southern Arizona into northern Mexico, are facing many challenges from climate change to land use change which threaten the ecological and cultural values of the region. Watershed restoration practitioners use a variety of techniques such as gabions, check dams, and cross vanes to reduce the effects of these threats and improve or maintain watershed function. Since vegetation dynamics in the area are driven by water availability, these restoration techniques appear to have secondary effects on the vegetation...
The practice of fire suppression across the western United States over the past century has led to dense forests, and when coupled with drought has contributed to an increase in large and destructive wildfires. Forest management efforts aimed at reducing flammable fuels through various fuel treatments can help to restore frequent fire regimes and increase forest resilience. Our research examines how different fuel treatments influenced burn severity and post-fire vegetative stand dynamics on the San Carlos Apache Reservation, in east-central Arizona, U.S.A. Our methods included the use of multitemporal remote sensing data and cloud computing to evaluate burn severity and post-fire vegetation conditions as well as...
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Arizona,
Burn Severity,
Creek Fire,
Ecology,
Forest Management,
Estimates of actual evapotranspiration (ETa) are valuable for effective monitoring and management of water resources. In areas that lack a ground-based monitoring network, remote sensing allows for accurate and consistent estimates of ETa across a large spatial extent – though each algorithm has limitations (i.e., ground-based validation, temporal consistency, spatial resolution). We developed an Ensemble Mean ETa (EMET) product to incorporate advancements and reduce uncertainty among algorithms (i.e., energy-balance, optical-only), which we use to estimate vegetative water use in response to restoration practices being implemented on the ground using management interventions (i.e., fencing pastures, erosion control...
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Climatology,
Geography,
Hydrology,
Land Use Change,
Remote Sensing,
Ciénegas, as defined here, are wetlands in arid and semi-arid regions associated with groundwater or lotic components that ideally result in perennial waters on temporal scales of decades to centuries. Ciénegas are typically no lower than 0 m, and higher than 2000 m, rarely lower but sometimes higher elevation localities occur. Ciénegas are typified by significant differences in flora and fauna relative to the greater terrestrial conditions in the region in which it is located. Ciénegas are freshwater to brackish North American wetlands associated with fluvial systems of arid/semi-arid areas of the southwestern U.S. and northwestern Mexico. Once extensively utilized by the region's indigenous human cultures, early...
This data release provides results from a watershed modelling effort to depict the use of natural infrastructure in dryland streams (NIDS), i.e., gabions, as a low-tech and low-cost, nature-based solution for increased water availability in the Buckeye area, west of the White Tank mountains and northwest of Phoenix, AZ, USA. Our goal was to identify impacts of current management and hypothetical installation of gabions, as NIDS to offset expected impacts of planned development (Norman et al., 2022; Tosline & Swick, 2023). This release and associated report (Norman & Petrakis, 2024) describes the methods and results acquired for modeling installation of gabion-style NIDS and the impacts at the apex and outlet of...
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Arizona,
Geography,
Hassayampa,
Hydrology,
Land Use Change,
We apply a research approach that can inform riparian restoration planning by developing products that show recent trends in vegetation conditions identifying areas potentially more at risk for degradation and the associated relationship between riparian vegetation dynamics and climate conditions. The full suite of data products and a link to the associated publication addressing this analysis can be found on the Parent data release. For this study, the vegetation conditions are characterized using a series of remote sensing vegetation indices developing using satellite imagery, including the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Tasseled Cap (TC) Transformation. The NDVI is a commonly used vegetation...
We developed this spatial database of historic and current floodplains to analyze trends in vegetation conditions, identify areas more at risk of degradation, and assess the relationship between riparian vegetation dynamics and climate conditions.Our study area is the riparian areas along the San Carlos River and Gila River within the San Carlos Apache Reservation and the Upper Gila River Level-4 Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC) watershed. The product was developed by digitizing the active channel and primary riparian floodplain using historic 1935 aerial imagery (Arizona State University GeoData, 2021) and National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) aerial imagery from 2019 (U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2021). This...
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Geography,
Geomorphology,
Hydrology,
Land Use Change,
Remote Sensing,
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