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This child data release includes field spectra obtained as part of a study focused on mapping chinook salmon spawning locations along the American River near Sacramento, California, via remote sensing; the data were collected November 5-7, 2018. The purpose of this study was to develop and test a spectrally based technique for identifying salmon spawning locations, known as redds, from various types of remotely sensed data. Traditionally, redds have been mapped by eye while walking the bank or from a boat, or by an observer in an aircraft or an interpreter visually examining aerial images. The goal of this proof-of-concept investigation was to assess the potential for more efficient, objective, and automated...
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An unmanned aerial system (UAS) was used to acquire red/green/blue (RGB) and hyperspectral image data from the American River in California November 5-7, 2018, to support research on remote sensing of rivers, specifically mapping chinook salmon spawning locations (redds) as part of an overall salmon habitat assessment program. The RGB images were acquired uisng a DJI MAtrice 210 equipped with a Zenmuse 4S optical camera. Imagery was collected along several parallel flight lines to ensure full coverage of the study reach. Raw Zenmuse images were georeferenced using real-time kinematic (RTK) global positioning system (GPS) and inertial motion unit (IMU) data recorded onboard the UAS and individual flight strips were...
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This data release includes multispectral images and field measurements of water depth from the Sacramento River near Glenn, California, used to evaluate the potential for efficient reach-scale mapping of river bathymetry using Uncrewed Aircraft Systems (UAS). The images were acquired by a MicaSense RedEdge-MX Dual Camera deployed from a Trinity F90 vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) UAS. The 4 km long study area along the Sacramento River was subdivided into three distinct but adjacent areas of interest (AOIs) and image data were collected from one AOI each day between September 14 and 16, 2021. The image data were ortho-rectified using Quantum-Systems QBase 3D and Agisoft Metashape software and saved as GeoTIFF...
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To support an investigation of the effectiveness of a large-scale river restoration project, several types of field data were collected from two gravel-bed reaches of the regulated lower Merced River in California's Central Valley, primarily in the fall of 2016. These data sets were intended to characterize salmon spawning habitat and identify factors influencing spawning site selection. This parent data release includes links to child pages for the following data sets: 1) Bulk samples of streambed sediment used to characterize the subsurface grain size distribution. 2) Pebble counts used to characterize the sediment grain size distribution of the bed surface. 3) Force gage measurements used to parameterize a...
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Surveys of channel and floodplain topography were used to characterize the morphology of two reaches of the lower Merced River in California's Central Valley and to parameterize a hydraulic model. These data were collected to support research intended to evaluate the extent to which large-scale restoration projects provided improved salmon spawning habitat. A related goal of this study was to improve our understanding of the geomorphic factors influencing spawning site selection by salmon. At the Merced River Ranch field site, river channel and floodplain topography was measured using a combination of real-time kinematic (RTK) GPS for wadable parts of the channel, an echo sounder for deep pools, and photogrammetry...
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Bulk samples of streambed sediment were collected from two reaches of the lower Merced River in California's Central Valley to support research intended to evaluate the extent to which large-scale restoration projects provided improved salmon spawning habitat. A related goal of this study was to improve our understanding of the geomorphic factors influencing spawning site selection by salmon. The bulk samples were acquired during the summer of 2016 at the Merced River Ranch and Robinson Reach field sites using a McNeil sampler [McNeil and Ahnell, 1964]. Before collecting each sample, the surface layer was removed to avoid including surface grains as part of the sample. Surface material was scraped off to a depth...
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A reach of the North Santiam River, Oregon, was used as a case study in an ongoing effort to develop and test image velocimetry algorithms for estimating surface flow velocities in river channels from remotely sensed data. Video was acquired from an unoccupied aircraft system, UAS, and used as input to the image velocimetry algorithms. Direct measurements of flow velocity were obtained using an acoustic Doppler current profiler, ADCP, and used to assess the accuracy of the image velocimetry algorithms. The UAS-based video was acquired from a DJI Matrice 210 quadcopter equipped with a Zenmuse X4S optical camera on July 25, 2022. The video is provided in its native form, with a frame rate of 30 Hertz and an *.mov...
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Pebble counts were used to characterize the sediment grain size distribution of the bed surface for two reaches of the lower Merced River in California's Central Valley to support research intended to evaluate the extent to which large-scale restoration projects provided improved salmon spawning habitat. A related goal of this study was to improve our understanding of the geomorphic factors influencing spawning site selection by salmon. The pebble counts were performed at the Merced River Ranch and Robinson Reach field sites using the method of Wolman [1954]. Grain diameters (n>100) were measured using a gravelometer by recording the largest opening on the gravelometer that an individual particle did NOT pass...
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Field measurements of saturated hydraulic conductivity were used to characterize the streambed permeability for two reaches of the lower Merced River in California's Central Valley to support research intended to evaluate the extent to which large-scale restoration projects provided improved salmon spawning habitat. A related goal of this study was to improve our understanding of the geomorphic factors influencing spawning site selection by salmon. Saturated hydraulic conductivity, denoted by K, was measured with a backpack permeameter and modified Mark VI groundwater standpipe using the constant head method of Terhune [1958]. For each reach, permeameter measurements were collected at ten sites spanning a single...
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This data release includes the input topographic data sets, model parameters, and validation field measurements of flow velocity used to develop and test multidimensional hydraulic models for a reach of the upper Sacramento River in northern California. Digital elevation models (DEMs) were developed by combining water depth maps of the reach, created using spectrally-based remote sensing methods, with light detection and ranging (lidar) data on water surface and terrestrial elevations. The depth maps were derived from three imagery sources: (1) airborne hyperspectral imagery (CASI); (2) uncrewed aerial survey (UAS)-based hyperspectral imagery (Nano); and (3) multispectral satellite imagery (WV3). The methods used...
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Field measurements of riverbed grain size were collected from the Merced and Tuolumne Rivers in California to support research on anadromous salmonids. The grain size estimates included in this dataset were obtained from plan-view digital images of grains on exposed gravel and cobble bars (n = 109 for the Merced, n = 26 for the Tuolumne). The images were used to estimate grain-size distributions using the algorithm of Buscombe (2013). In this dataset we report the median grain size (D50), the 16th percentile (D16) and 84th percentile (D84). The spatial location of each measurement was obtained via a Trimble R10 RTK GPS receiver. The map projection and datum for these data from the Merced River are UTM Zone 11 N...
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This data release includes images and field measurements used to map chinook salmon spawning locations along the American River near Sacramento, California, via remote sensing; the data were collected November 5-7, 2018. The purpose of this study was to develop and test a spectrally based technique for identifying salmon spawning locations, known as redds, from various types of remotely sensed data. Traditionally, redds have been mapped by eye while walking the bank or from a boat, or by an observer in an aircraft or an interpreter visually examining aerial images. The goal of this proof-of-concept investigation was to assess the potential for more efficient, objective, and automated redd mapping from conventional...
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Field measurements of water depth were acquired from a reach of the upper American River in California, November 5-7, 2018, to support research on mapping chinook salmon spawning locations (redds) via remote sensing. The depth measurements included in this data release were obtained by wading the shallow channel margins with RTK GPS receivers and measuring water surface elevations along the water's edge and bed elevations within the channel; depths were calculated by subtracting bed elevations from the nearest water surface elevation. For the deeper areas representing most of the channel, depths were recorded along a series of cross-sections by a SonTek RiverSurveyor S5 acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) deployed...
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This data release includes images and field measurements used to map chinook salmon spawning locations along the American River near Sacramento, California, via remote sensing; the data were collected November 5-7, 2018. The purpose of this study was to develop and test a spectrally based technique for identifying salmon spawning locations, known as redds, from various types of remotely sensed data. Traditionally, redds have been mapped by eye while walking the bank or from a boat, or by an observer in an aircraft or an interpreter visually examining aerial images. The goal of this proof-of-concept investigation was to assess the potential for more efficient, objective, and automated redd mapping from conventional...
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This data release includes various data sets used to quantify the capacity of two rivers, the Merced and Tuolumne, in the Sierra Nevada of California for reintroduction of two species of anadromous salmonids, Steelhead and spring-run Chinook Salmon. The child pages linked below provide access to the following data sets: Topo-bathymetric digital elevation models of the river channels and adjacent floodplains produced by fusing lidar topography of dry areas with information on water depth derived from hyperspectral images. Sediment grain size measurements at distinct points along each river derived from close-range photographs of bar surfaces. Together, these data sets were used to model the suitability of the...
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This child data release includes fused topo-bathymetric digital elevation models of the Merced and Tuolumne Rivers in California used to support research on anadromous salmonids. The purpose of this study was to calculate the capacity for reintroduction of salmonids above impassable barriers. Airborne, near-infrared (NIR) LiDAR and hyperspectral imagery were acquired simultaneously in September 2014 from a Cessna Caravan, with the LiDAR data used to map topography of dry land and the imagery used to map water depth in the wetted channel. Topo-bathymetric DEMs of channels and floodplains with 1-m resolution were constructed for the study reaches by using remotely sensed hyperspectral image data to estimate water...
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Field measurements of water depth were acquired from a reach of the American River at Sailor Bar, near Fair Oaks, California, October 19-21, 2020, to support research on remote sensing of water depth from satellite images. The depth measurements included in this data release were obtained via two different methods: 1) By wading the shallow channel margins with RTK GPS receivers and measuring water surface elevations along the water's edge and bed elevations within the channel; depths were calculated by subtracting bed elevations from the nearest water surface elevation. 2) For the deeper areas representing most of the channel, depths were recorded along a series of cross-sections by a SonTek RiverSurveyor S5 acoustic...
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Salmon spawning locations (redds) were mapped to characterize habitat use along two reaches of the lower Merced River in California's Central Valley and thus support research intended to evaluate the extent to which large-scale restoration projects provided improved salmon spawning habitat. A related goal of this study was to improve our understanding of the geomorphic factors influencing spawning site selection by salmon. Salmon redds were mapped during the fall of 2016 at the Merced River Ranch and Robinson Reach field sites using real-time kinematic (RTK) GPS. The location of the center of each redd was surveyed in the UTM Zone 10/NAD83 coordinate system, with easting and northing coordinates recorded in units...
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Force gage measurements were used to parameterize a force balance model for the initiation of sediment motion and thus characterize bed mobility for two reaches of the lower Merced River in California's Central Valley. These data were acquired to support research intended to evaluate the extent to which large-scale restoration projects provided improved salmon spawning habitat. A related goal of this study was to improve our understanding of the geomorphic factors influencing spawning site selection by salmon. The force gage measurements were made at the Merced River Ranch and Robinson Reach field sites and involved using a spring-resisting force gage to push a given submerged particle in a bed-parallel downstream...
    map background search result map search result map Field measurements for characterizing salmon spawning habitat in two restored reaches of the lower Merced River, California Surveys of channel bed topography from two restored reaches of the lower Merced River, California Bulk samples of streambed sediment from two restored reaches of the lower Merced River, California Pebble count-based bed surface sediment grain size distributions from two restored reaches of the lower Merced River, California Force gage measurements to characterize bed mobility in two restored reaches of the lower Merced River, California Measurements of streambed permeability from two restored reaches of the lower Merced River, California Salmon spawning locations (redds) in two restored reaches of the lower Merced River, California Image data and field measurements used to map salmon spawning locations via remote sensing, American River, California, November 5-7, 2018 Field spectra from salmon spawning locations on the American River, California, November 5-7, 2018 Hyperspectral and RGB image data used to map salmon spawning locations on the American River, California, November 5-7, 2018 Salmon spawning locations (redds) mapped in the field along the American River, California, November 5-7, 2018 Field measurements of water depth from the American River, California, November 5-7, 2018 Topographic and sediment grain size data used to evaluate potential habitat for anadromous salmonids on the upper Merced and Tuolumne Rivers in California Topo-bathymetric digital elevation models of the upper Merced and Tuolumne Rivers in California derived from hyperspectral image data and near-infrared LiDAR acquired in 2014 Sediment grain size measurements from the upper Merced and Tuolumne Rivers in California Field measurements of water depth from the American River near Fair Oaks, CA, October 19-21, 2020 Digital elevation models (DEMs) and field measurements of flow velocity used to develop and test multidimensional hydrodynamic models (2D and 3D) for a reach of the upper Sacramento River in northern California Multispectral images and field measurements of water depth from the Sacramento River near Glenn, California, acquired September 14-16, 2021 Video acquired from an Uncrewed Aerial System (UAS) and hydroacoustic measurements of flow velocity obtained along the North Santiam River, Oregon, in July 2022 Field spectra from salmon spawning locations on the American River, California, November 5-7, 2018 Hyperspectral and RGB image data used to map salmon spawning locations on the American River, California, November 5-7, 2018 Video acquired from an Uncrewed Aerial System (UAS) and hydroacoustic measurements of flow velocity obtained along the North Santiam River, Oregon, in July 2022 Salmon spawning locations (redds) mapped in the field along the American River, California, November 5-7, 2018 Field measurements of water depth from the American River, California, November 5-7, 2018 Image data and field measurements used to map salmon spawning locations via remote sensing, American River, California, November 5-7, 2018 Digital elevation models (DEMs) and field measurements of flow velocity used to develop and test multidimensional hydrodynamic models (2D and 3D) for a reach of the upper Sacramento River in northern California Multispectral images and field measurements of water depth from the Sacramento River near Glenn, California, acquired September 14-16, 2021 Surveys of channel bed topography from two restored reaches of the lower Merced River, California Pebble count-based bed surface sediment grain size distributions from two restored reaches of the lower Merced River, California Bulk samples of streambed sediment from two restored reaches of the lower Merced River, California Field measurements for characterizing salmon spawning habitat in two restored reaches of the lower Merced River, California Measurements of streambed permeability from two restored reaches of the lower Merced River, California Salmon spawning locations (redds) in two restored reaches of the lower Merced River, California Force gage measurements to characterize bed mobility in two restored reaches of the lower Merced River, California Sediment grain size measurements from the upper Merced and Tuolumne Rivers in California Topographic and sediment grain size data used to evaluate potential habitat for anadromous salmonids on the upper Merced and Tuolumne Rivers in California Topo-bathymetric digital elevation models of the upper Merced and Tuolumne Rivers in California derived from hyperspectral image data and near-infrared LiDAR acquired in 2014