Filters: Contacts: R. Lopaka Lee (X)
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Between March 2002 and May 2011 periodic water level measurements were made in the well on the summit of Kīlauea Volcano using a 2,000-foot calibrated electric tape (Waterline Envirotech Ltd.) with graduations of 0.01 foot. Water level measurements resumed in March 2018. Calibration of the electric tape at the USGS Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility (HIF) in November 2018 revealed a displacement of 0.29 feet over 1,980 feet of the electric tape. We therefore estimate that the accuracy of the water level measurements is 0.3 foot (±9 cm). Water level measurements were referenced to the top of the wellhead, located at 1103 meters above sea level at the time of drilling in 1973.
Methods Total element abundances in the bulk tephra samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) following a 4-acid digest at the USGS analytical laboratories in Denver, CO. Briefly, the tephra samples were digested using a mixture of hydrochloric, nitric, perchloric and hydrofluoric acids at low temperature following the methods of Crock and otheres (1983). The resultant fluid was aspirated into a 42-element ICP-MS for analysis following the analytical procedure of Briggs and Meier (2002). USGS geochemical reference materials BIR-1, BCR-1, and BHVO-1 were analyzed before and after Kilauea tephra samples for data quality control. Kīlauea sample A7-0641 was analyzed as an analytical...
Categories: Data
This data release contains selected results of whole-rock and glass analyses of lava samples collected during the 2018 eruption of Kilauea’s lower East Rift Zone (LERZ). Included are sampling-site information, eruptive vent/fissure, and sampling descriptions. During the 2018 LERZ eruption, the chemical analysis of lava samples was performed within hours of collection using an energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) pressed-pellet methodology. The accuracy of this method was evaluated by analyzing a subset of samples using the more widely accepted wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WD-XRF) fused-bead methodology. WD-XRF analyses were performed both during and after the eruption at the Hamilton Analytical...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Geochemistry,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
Volcanology,
geochemistry,
volcanology
The 2018 lower East Rift Zone eruption of Kīlauea volcano, Island of Hawaiʻi, was one of the most destructive effusive eruptions worldwide in the past century, destroying over 700 structures (Neal and others, 2019; Meredith and others, 2022). Between May and September 2018, a total of 24 fissures opened, producing a lava flow field with an area of 36 km2. By the end of May, the eruption had focused at fissure 8, which produced the dominant lava flow of the eruption. This lava flow extended north from its vent in Leilani Estates and entered the ocean in Kapoho, reaching a total subaerial length of 13 km. This flow was active for about two months, from May 28 to August 4, followed by several weeks of weak vent...
The 2018 lower East Rift Zone eruption of Kīlauea volcano, Island of Hawaiʻi, was one of the most destructive effusive eruptions worldwide in the past century, destroying over 700 structures (Neal and others, 2019; Meredith and others, 2022). Between May and September 2018, a total of 24 fissures opened, producing a lava flow field with an area of 36 km2. By the end of May, the eruption had focused at fissure 8, which produced the dominant lava flow of the eruption. This lava flow extended north from its vent in Leilani Estates and entered the ocean in Kapoho, reaching a total subaerial length of 13 km. This flow was active for about two months, from May 28 to August 4, followed by several weeks of weak vent...
On March 19, 2008, an explosive eruption occurred at the summit of Kīlauea Volcano for the first time since 1924. This event marked the beginning of a continuous summit eruption that lasted until the 2018 Kīlauea lower East Rift Zone eruption (Neal and others, 2019). The March 19 explosive eruption excavated a crater approximately 35 meters wide and scattered volcanic tephra over a 30-hectare area. Only non-juvenile tephra was erupted on March 19 (Houghton and others, 2011). Two subsequent, minor explosions occurred on April 9 and April 16, 2008. These two explosions were dominated by lithic material though did also include some juvenile tephra. Tephra was produced continuously after the initial March 19 eruption...
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Environmental Health,
Geochemistry,
Island of Hawaiʻi,
Kīlauea,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
Methods Particle size distributions were determined by laser diffraction analysis using a Malvern Mastersizer 2000 Laser Particle Size analyzer at the USGS analytical facilities in in Denver, CO. Ash samples were dried (105 °C), re-sieved at 2 mm (no samples contained material >2 mm), and split in half using a small volume chute splitter for duplicate analyses. Prior to analysis by laser diffraction, sodium-hexametaphosphate was added to each sample and the samples were placed on a shaker table for 4 hours to aid in particle de-flocculation. Each sample was introduced into an aqueous medium and pumped through the laser analyzer for grain size measurements. Data are reported as a volume percent.
Categories: Data
The 2018 lower East Rift Zone eruption of Kīlauea volcano, Island of Hawaiʻi, was one of the most destructive effusive eruptions worldwide in the past century, destroying over 700 structures (Neal and others, 2019; Meredith and others, 2022). Between May and September 2018, a total of 24 fissures opened, producing a lava flow field with an area of 36 km2. By the end of May, the eruption had focused at fissure 8, which produced the dominant lava flow of the eruption. This lava flow extended north from its vent in Leilani Estates and entered the ocean in Kapoho, reaching a total subaerial length of 13 km. This flow was active for about two months, from May 28 to August 4, followed by several weeks of weak vent...
Chemistry and Isotope Data Sample Collection: Water samples were collected from approximately 100 feet (30 meters) below the water table using either a 4 foot or 6 foot long stainless-steel bailers with an inner diameter of 0.5 in. Samples for anion concentration measurements were poured into 60 ml polypropylene bottles through 0.45mm pore-diameter filter. Raw (unfiltered, unpreserved) samples for oxygen-18 and deuterium isotope analyses were stored in 30 ml glass bottles. Sample Analyses: The concentrations of sulfate (SO42-), chloride (Cl-), and fluoride (F-) in samples collected until October 2003 were determined with a Dionex DX-300 ion chromatograph, and since October 2003 with a Dionex ICS-2000 ion chromatograph...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Hawaii Volcanoes National Park,
Kilauea volcano,
water chemistry,
water isotopes
The 2018 lower East Rift Zone eruption of Kīlauea volcano, Island of Hawaiʻi, was one of the most destructive effusive eruptions worldwide in the past century, destroying over 700 structures (Neal and others, 2019; Meredith and others, 2022). Between May and September 2018, a total of 24 fissures opened, producing a lava flow field with an area of 36 km2. By the end of May, the eruption had focused at fissure 8, which produced the dominant lava flow of the eruption. This lava flow extended north from its vent in Leilani Estates and entered the ocean in Kapoho, reaching a total subaerial length of 13 km. This flow was active for about two months, from May 28 to August 4, followed by several weeks of weak vent...
Methods Qualitative mineral determinations were made by X-ray diffraction (XRD) at the USGS analytical laboratories in Denver, CO. Bulk tephra samples were powdered and run on either a Scintag X-1 diffractometer with Bragg Brentano geometry, theta-theta motion with a Scintag Peltier cooled energy dispersive detector set to collect K alpha radiation or a Shimadzu XRD-6000 diffractometer using Cu radiation with Bragg Brentano geometry, theta-2-theta motion with a Scintillation detector. Samples were scanned from 4–65 °2θ (Shimadzu) or 5–90 °2θ (Scintag) with a step size of 0.02. Due to the high amorphous content in the ash samples, the scan parameters were adjusted to improve signal to noise ratio. Mineral Data Inc....
Categories: Data
High-resolution (plus or minus (±) 0.1°C) temperature measurements were accomplished with a platinum resistance temperature (PRT) probe. The PRT probe, suspended from an armored logging cable, was lowered into the well over a sheave with a portable hand-cranked reel. Attached to the sheave were both mechanical and digital depth counters. The PRT output and digital depth counter were connected to an electronic data logger programmed to display and record the temperature and depth values at 5-second intervals. The temperature logs were conducted from the top of the water column downward at 10 foot increments so that the established thermal equilibrium of the water column was least disturbed by logging. Once the target...
Kīlauea, on the Island of Hawai`i is one of the world’s most active volcanoes and it hosts one of the densest volcano monitoring networks. A deep well on the southwest rim of Kilauea’s caldera, often referred to informally as the “NSF Well” or the “Keller Well” was drilled in 1973 to a depth of 1,262 meters from an elevation of 1,103 meters. The ultimate goal of the drilling project was to “test predictions made from surface-based geophysical surveys and seek evidence of a hydrothermal system over a known magma body” (Zablocki et al., 1974; Keller et al., 1979). Following drilling the open hole filled up with drilling mud and in October 1998 the hole was cleared of the mud using a large pump to a depth of about...
The 2018 lower East Rift Zone eruption of Kīlauea volcano, Island of Hawaiʻi, was one of the most destructive effusive eruptions worldwide in the past century, destroying over 700 structures (Neal and others, 2019; Meredith and others, 2022). Between May and September 2018, a total of 24 fissures opened, producing a lava flow field with an area of 36 km2. By the end of May, the eruption had focused at fissure 8, which produced the dominant lava flow of the eruption. This lava flow extended north from its vent in Leilani Estates and entered the ocean in Kapoho, reaching a total subaerial length of 13 km. This flow was active for about two months, from May 28 to August 4, followed by several weeks of weak vent...
Methods The isotopic ratio 34S/32S for soluble sulfur was determined by elemental analyzer-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA-IRMS) at the USGS analytical laboratories in Denver, CO. Samples were analyzed following established methods (Johnson and others, 2018) on a Thermo Scientific Flash 2000 elemental analyzer coupled to a Thermo Scientific Delta Plus XP IRMS via a Thermo Scientific ConFlo III open-split interface. Data for δ34S are reported as parts per thousand, or per mil (‰). References Johnson, C.A., Stricker, C.A., Gulbransen, C.A., and Emmons, M.P., 2018. Determination of δ13C, δ15N, or δ34S by isotope-ratio-monitoring mass spectrometry using an elemental analyzer. U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and...
Categories: Data
The 2018 lower East Rift Zone eruption of Kīlauea volcano, Island of Hawaiʻi, was one of the most destructive effusive eruptions worldwide in the past century, destroying over 700 structures (Neal and others, 2019; Meredith and others, 2022). Between May and September 2018, a total of 24 fissures opened, producing a lava flow field with an area of 36 km2. By the end of May, the eruption had focused at fissure 8, which produced the dominant lava flow of the eruption. This lava flow extended north from its vent in Leilani Estates and entered the ocean in Kapoho, reaching a total subaerial length of 13 km. This flow was active for about two months, from May 28 to August 4, followed by several weeks of weak vent...
Methods Leachate analyses were performed at the USGS analytical laboratories in Denver, CO, following the method of Hageman (2007). This leach test uses deionized water as the leachate. Briefly, one-part ash was added to 20 parts deionized and distilled water by weight (1:20) and the mixture agitated for five minutes. Unfiltered sub-samples of the leachates were measured for pH and specific conductance. Filtered (0.45 micrometer pore-size nitrocellulose filter) sub-samples of the leachates were used for chemical analysis. Concentrations of fluoride, sulfate, chloride, and nitrate were quantified by Ion Chromatography. Concentrations of major cations and trace elements were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma...
Categories: Data
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