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Quantitative understanding of groundwater and gas-rich fluid- and thermodynamics in volcanic areas is important for several reasons: 1) as a major source of hazard such as propellant in steam-driven explosions, lubricant in mudflows, and transport agent for toxic constituents such as arsenic and mercury that are dissolved from fresh volcanic rock, 2) groundwater pressure, temperature and chemical changes might signal one of the earliest warnings of volcanic unrest, 3) exploration and mining of geothermal energy and mineral deposits. Many of the geochemical, geodetic, and seismic signals measured at the ground surface as part of the volcano monitoring strategies have hydrothermal origins or magmatic origins modulated...
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Water chemistry data from: Young, H.W., Parliman, D.J. and Mariner, R.H., 1988. Chemical and hydrologic data for selected thermal-water wells and nonthermal springs in the Boise Area, southwesten Idaho: US Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-471, 35p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88471. Water chemistry data was digitized for 29 samples. Reported attributes include: Type, Collection date, Reported location, State, County, Latitude, Longitude, Location resolution, Location error, Well depth, Temperature, pH, Boron (B), Calcium (Ca), Chloride (Cl), Fluoride (F), Alkalinity as bicarbonate (HCO3), Potassium (K), Lithium (Li), Magnesium (Mg), Total nitrogen (N total), Sodium (Na), Total phosphorus (P total),...
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The Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic field consists of lavas from the last two million years. The most recent volcanic units are the Central Plateau Member and the older Upper Basin Member rhyolites (Christiansen, 2001). Investigations into the elemental and isotopic composition of these lavas can provide insight into the recent volcanic history of the different eruptive episodes and provide constraints on the hydrothermal fluid compositions that result from water-rock interactions occurring at depth within the hydrothermal system. In this Data Release, seventeen samples of Yellowstone rhyolite samples from Upper Basin and Central Plateau Member lava flows were analyzed for volatile element compositions via x-ray fluorescence...
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Note: No formal accuracy tests were conducted and these data are disseminated to allow discussion related to methods. Sample Analyses: Samples were processed at both the USGS in Menlo Park, CA, and at UC Berkeley following established methodology for separating organic material from sinter (Howald et al., 2014; Lowenstern et al., 2016; Slagter et al., 2019). First, the exterior surface of each sample was removed using a rock saw, and then any further material was removed if there was any visible algal material in the interior of the sample. Second, samples underwent a series of chemical baths. Samples were crushed and soaked in 30% hydrogen peroxide for 48 hours to remove any remaining modern algae. Once cleaned,...
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Between March 2002 and May 2011 periodic water level measurements were made in the well on the summit of Kīlauea Volcano using a 2,000-foot calibrated electric tape (Waterline Envirotech Ltd.) with graduations of 0.01 foot. Water level measurements resumed in March 2018. Calibration of the electric tape at the USGS Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility (HIF) in November 2018 revealed a displacement of 0.29 feet over 1,980 feet of the electric tape. We therefore estimate that the accuracy of the water level measurements is 0.3 foot (±9 cm). Water level measurements were referenced to the top of the wellhead, located at 1103 meters above sea level at the time of drilling in 1973.
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Water analyses are reported for 66 samples collected from numerous thermal and non-thermal (rivers and streams) features in the southwestern areas of Yellowstone National Park (YNP) during 2009, 2017, and 2018. Water samples were collected from sources near Boundary Creek, Bechler River, Falls River, Mountain Ash Creek, Upper Snake River, Spirea Creek, and Lewis Lake. These water samples were collected and analyzed as part of research investigations on the chemistry of Yellowstone’s hydrothermal system and on the distribution of dissolved arsenic and mercury. Most samples were analyzed for major cations and anions, trace metals, redox species of arsenic, iron, nitrogen, and sulfur, and isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen....
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Sample Analyses: Thin sections made at UC Berkeley were brought to the USGS, Menlo Park, CA and were coated with 25 nm carbon. Samples were analyzed at the USGS in Menlo Park, CA in a Tescan VEGA3 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) equipped with an Oxford 50 mm2 X-MaxN energy dispersive spectrometer. Thin sections were imaged with backscatter electrons. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyses and images were collected with an accelerating voltage of 15 kV and a working distance of 15 mm. Database Contents: The data files for “Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) Data” contain representative element spectra analyses of samples UGB-TD-28, -30, -31, -32, -33, -36.
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There are over 10,000 hydrothermal features in Yellowstone National Park (YNP), where waters have pH values ranging from about 1 to 10 and surface temperatures up to 95 °C. Active geothermal areas in YNP provide insight into a variety of processes occurring at depth, such as water-rock and oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions, the formation of alteration minerals, and microbial (thermophile) metabolism in extreme environments. Investigations into the water chemistry of YNP hot springs, geysers, fumaroles, mud pots, streams, and rivers have been conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and other earth-science organizations and academic institutions since 1888 (Gooch and Whitfield, 1888). More recently, USGS...
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Samples of the crater lake water were filtered in the field with a 0.45 micron filter. Subsequently, additional precipitates formed in the solute-rich samples (secondary precipitates) which were subsequently filtered in the lab with a 0.45 micron filter. Resulting residues were analyzed both in situ on the filter and after scraping. Samples were sputter coated with 10 nm Au, then imaged in a Tescan VEGA3 scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an Oxford 150 mm2 X-MaxN large area energy dispersive spectrometer at the U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA. Elemental backscatter (BSE) images were collected with an accelerating voltage (HV) of 30 kV and a working distance (WD) of ~15 mm. Magnification is indicated...
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Samples of the crater lake water were filtered in the field with a 0.45 micron filter. Subsequently, additional precipitates formed in the solute-rich samples (secondary precipitates) which were subsequently filtered in the lab with a 0.45 micron filter. The mineralogy of secondary precipitates for samples HM19-01 and HM20-01A,B,C that were collected on 10/26/2019 and on 1/17/2020, respectively was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Analysis was carried out at the British Natural History Museum with a Enraf-Nonius PDS120 diffractometer equipped with a primary Germanium (111) monochromator and an INEL 120° curved position sensitive detector (PSD). Data were collected from 7-120° 2θ using Co Kalpha1 radiation...
To characterize eruption activity of the iconic Old Faithful Geyser in Yellowstone National Park over past centuries, we obtained 41 new radiocarbon dates of mineralized wood preserved in the mound of silica that precipitated from erupted waters. Trees do not grow on active geyser mounds, implying that trees grew on the Old Faithful Geyser mound during a protracted period of eruption quiescence. Rooted stumps and root crowns located on higher parts of the mound are evidence that at the time of tree growth, the geyser mound closely resembled its current appearance. The range of calibrated radiocarbon dates (1233–1362 CE) is coincident with a series of severe multidecadal regional droughts toward the end of the Medieval...
Categories: Publication; Types: Citation
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Water and gas chemistry data from: Mariner, R.H., Presser, T.S. and Evans, W.C., 1977. Hot springs of the central Sierra Nevada, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-559, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77559. Water chemistry data was digitized for 21 samples. Reported attributes include: Sample name, Type, Reported location, Location description, State, County, Latitude, Longitude, Location resolution, Location error, Temperature, pH (field), Aluminum (Al), Boron (B), Calcium (Ca), Chloride (Cl), Cesium (Cs), Copper (Cu), Fluoride (F), Iron (Fe), Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), Bicarbonate (HCO3), Alkalinity as bicarbonate (HCO3), Mercury (Hg), Potassium (K), Lithium (Li), Magnesium (Mg), Manganese...
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Water chemistry data from: Mariner, R.H., Presser, T.S., Evans, W.C. and Pringle, M.K.W., 1990. Discharge rates of fluid and heat by thermal springs of the Cascade Range, Washington, Oregon, and northern California. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 95(B12), pp.19517-19531, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB12p19517. Water chemistry data was digitized for 148 samples. Reported attributes include: Sample name, Type, Collection date, Reported latitude, Reported longitude, Region, State, Latitude, Longitude, Location resolution, Location error, Source, Discharge, Temperature, pH, Calcium (Ca), Chloride (Cl), Fluoride (F), Bicarbonate (HCO3), Potassium (K), Magnesium (Mg), Sodium (Na), Silica (SiO2), Sulfate...
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Yellowstone National Park (YNP; Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho, USA) contains more than 10,000 hydrothermal features, several lakes, and four major watersheds. For more than 140 years, researchers at the U.S. Geological Survey and other scientific institutions have investigated the chemical compositions of hot springs, geysers, fumaroles, mud pots, streams, rivers, and lakes in YNP and surrounding areas. Water chemistry studies have revealed a range of compositions including waters with pH values ranging from about 1 to 10, surface temperatures from ambient to superheated values of 95°C, and elevated concentrations of silica, lithium, boron, fluoride, mercury, and arsenic. Hydrogeochemical data from YNP research have...
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Sulphur Banks, near the summit of Kīlauea Volcano on the Island of Hawai`i, is a thermal area where volcanic gases and steam are discharged. A research well drilled in the 1920s at Sulphur Banks (Allen, 1922) has developed into a “fumarole” that has been used for gas sampling over the years (e.g., Friedman and Reimer, 1987; Hilton and McMurtry, 1997; Shinohara and others, 1999), but has not been subject to periodic monitoring. Following the 2018 Kilauea eruption, draining of the lava lake, and cessation of activity at the summit (Neal and others, 2019), Sulphur Banks represents a continuing window into the outgassing dynamics at Kīlauea’s summit. Gas samples were collected at Sulphur Banks periodically since March...
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The Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic field consists of lavas from the last two million years. The most recent volcanic units are the Central Plateau Member and the older Upper Basin Member rhyolites (Christiansen, 2001). Investigations into the elemental and isotopic composition of these lavas can provide insight into the recent volcanic history of the different eruptive episodes and provide constraints on the hydrothermal fluid compositions that result from water-rock interactions occurring at depth within the hydrothermal system. In this Data Release, seventeen samples of Yellowstone rhyolite samples from Upper Basin and Central Plateau Member lava flows were analyzed for strontium isotopic composition. Analyzed samples...
Categories: Data; Tags: Sr isotopes, Yellowstone
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The Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic field consists of lavas from the last two million years. The most recent volcanic units are the Central Plateau Member and the older Upper Basin Member rhyolites (Christiansen, 2001). Investigations into the elemental and isotopic composition of these lavas can provide insight into the recent volcanic history of the different eruptive episodes and provide constraints on the hydrothermal fluid compositions that result from water-rock interactions occurring at depth within the hydrothermal system. In this Data Release, twenty-one samples of Yellowstone rhyolite samples from Upper Basin and Central Plateau Member lava flows were analyzed for major and trace element concentrations and...
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Water and gas chemistry data from: Nathenson, M., and Mariner, R.H., 2013, Springs, streams, and gas vent on and near Mount Adams volcano, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013–5097, 19 p., http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5097/. Water chemistry data was digitized for 85 samples. Reported attributes include: Sample name, Sample ID, Type, Collection date, Reported location, Reported latitude, Reported longitude, State, Latitude, Longitude, Location resolution, Location error, Elevation, Source, Discharge, Temperature, pH (field), Aluminum (Al), Arsenic (As), Boron (B), Barium (Ba), Calcium (Ca), Chloride (Cl), Copper (Cu), Fluoride (F), Iron (Fe), Bicarbonate (HCO3), Potassium...
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Water and gas chemistry data from: Mariner, R.H. and Willey, L.M., 1976. Geochemistry of thermal waters in Long Valley, Mono County, California. Journal of Geophysical Research, 81(5), pp.792-800, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB081i005p00792. Water chemistry data was digitized for 11 samples. Reported attributes include: Sample name, Type, Collection date, Reported location, State, Latitude, Longitude, Location resolution, Location error, Temperature, pH, Arsenic (As), Boron (B), Calcium (Ca), Chloride (Cl), Alkalinity as carbonate (CO3), Fluoride (F), Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), Alkalinity as bicarbonate (HCO3), Potassium (K), Lithium (Li), Magnesium (Mg), Sodium (Na), Ammonium (NH4), Rubidium (Rb), Silica (SiO2),...
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Samples for water chemistry analysis were filtered to 0.45 µm upon collection. Since the solute-rich samples continued to form precipitates, samples were filtered again immediately prior to analysis if needed. All samples were very rich in solutes and were analyzed at multiple dilutions (1:100 to 1:1000) to match instrument measurement ranges for various analytes. Water chemistry analyses were performed at the U.S. Geological Survey laboratories in Menlo Park, California. The concentrations of fluoride (F-), chloride (Cl-), sulfate (SO42-), and bromide (Br-) in samples were determined by ion chromatography with a Dionex ICS-2000, using a 250 mm Dionex IonPac AS18 column. The concentrations of major cations...
map background search result map search result map Water chemistry data for selected hot springs and rivers in Southwest Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming Water Levels Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) Data a. Carbon Isotope Data Gas chemistry and isotope compositions at Sulphur Banks, Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai`i h) X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) of solids filtered from the water lake in Halema’uma’u Crater, Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii b) Water chemistry of the water lake in Halema’uma’u Crater, Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii g) Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of solids filtered from the water lake in Halema’uma’u Crater, Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii Water-Chemistry and Isotope Data for Selected Springs, Geysers, Streams, and Rivers in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming Elemental and Strontium Isotopic Composition of Select Central Plateau and Upper Basin Member Rhyolites, Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field a) Strontium Isotope Data d) XRF Volatile Element Data Water and gas chemistry; central Sierra Nevada, California: Mariner et al., 1977 Water chemistry; Washington, Oregon, and Northern California; 1977-1989: Mariner et al., 1990 Water and gas chemistry; Long Valley, California, 1972-1973: Mariner and Willey, 1976 Water and gas chemistry; Mount Adams, Washington; 2003-2005: Nathenson and Mariner, 2013 Water chemistry; Boise, Idaho; 1988: Young et al., 1988 Historic Water Chemistry Data for Thermal Features, Streams, and Rivers in the Yellowstone National Park Area, 1883-2021 Water Levels Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) Data a. Carbon Isotope Data h) X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) of solids filtered from the water lake in Halema’uma’u Crater, Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii b) Water chemistry of the water lake in Halema’uma’u Crater, Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii g) Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of solids filtered from the water lake in Halema’uma’u Crater, Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii Water and gas chemistry; Long Valley, California, 1972-1973: Mariner and Willey, 1976 Water chemistry; Boise, Idaho; 1988: Young et al., 1988 Water and gas chemistry; Mount Adams, Washington; 2003-2005: Nathenson and Mariner, 2013 Water chemistry data for selected hot springs and rivers in Southwest Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming Elemental and Strontium Isotopic Composition of Select Central Plateau and Upper Basin Member Rhyolites, Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field a) Strontium Isotope Data d) XRF Volatile Element Data Water-Chemistry and Isotope Data for Selected Springs, Geysers, Streams, and Rivers in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming Water and gas chemistry; central Sierra Nevada, California: Mariner et al., 1977 Historic Water Chemistry Data for Thermal Features, Streams, and Rivers in the Yellowstone National Park Area, 1883-2021 Water chemistry; Washington, Oregon, and Northern California; 1977-1989: Mariner et al., 1990