Gathering Our Thoughts: Tribal recommendations on a traditional knowledge management framework for the NPLCC - Tulalip Tribes of WA

This project initiated the first large-scale Tribal government discussions on the relationship of scientific research and traditional knowledge in the activities of the NPLCC. The project: 1. Reviewed existing approaches and protocols related to scientific research and traditional knowledge in the Pacific Northwest, characterized different types of traditional knowledge and the contexts in which these are encountered; 2. Initiated discussions among the 21 member Tribes of the Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission (all other Tribes are welcome to join); 3. Reported on their views; 4. Proposed a framework for the use of TK based on discussions and presented it for a possible consensus by all participants; and 5. Conducted...

Categories: Data, Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: 2012, Academics & scientific researchers, Decision Support, Federal resource managers, Informing Conservation Delivery, All tags... LCC, LCC Network Science Catalog, LCC Network Science Catalog - LCCScienceCatalog, Methodology/Protocol, NPLCC, NPLCC, North Pacific Landscape Conservation Cooperative, Project, Report, Science Project, TEK, TEK, Traditional Ecological Knowledge, Traditional Ecological Knowledge, Traditional Ecological knowledge, Tribes, WA-1, WA-1, WA-10, WA-10, WA-10, WA-10, WA-2, WA-2, WA-2, WA-2, WA-3, WA-3, WA-3, WA-3, WA-6, WA-6, WA-6, WA-6, WA-7, WA-7, WA-7, WA-7, WA-9, WA-9, WA-9, WA-9, Washington, Washington, Washington, Washington, adaptation strategies, adaptation strategies, adaptation strategies, adaptation strategies, climate change, climate change, climate change, climate change, completed, species sensitivities, species sensitivities, species sensitivities, species sensitivities, traditional ecological knowledge, vegetation changes, vegetation changes, vegetation changes, vegetation changes, Fewer tags

Utilizing Yurok traditional ecological knowledge to inform climate change priorities

The project had 2 broad objectives. The first objective was to meet the needs of the Yurok Tribe in collecting and documenting TEK to inform tribal planning related to climate change impacts to culturally significant wildlife and habitats that support these species. This information is crucial to informing Yurok Tribe resource managers and the Yurok Council as it embarks on climate change adaptation planning. The Yurok Tribes Council and Environmental, Forestry, Wildlife, Fisheries and Cultural Resources Programs will benefit from the knowledge and wisdom gained from the project as the Tribe prepares for climate change impacts. The second objective was to assist the NPLCC in its efforts to integrate Tribal TEK into...

Categories: Data, Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: 2012, Academics & scientific researchers, CA-2, CA-2, California, All tags... California, California, California, Climate change, Conservation Planning, Conservation Planning, Federal resource managers, Klamath, Klamath, Klamath, Klamath, LCC, LCC Network Science Catalog, LCC Network Science Catalog - LCCScienceCatalog, Methodology/Protocol, North Pacific Landscape Conservation Cooperative, Project, Report, Science Project, TEK, TEK, Traditional Ecological Knowledge, Traditional Ecological Knowledge, Traditional Ecological Knowledge, Traditional Ecological knowledge, Tribes, Yurok, Yurok, adaptation strategies, adaptation strategies, adaptation strategies, adaptation strategies, climate change, climate change, climate change, completed, species sensitivities, species sensitivities, species sensitivities, species sensitivities, vegetation changes, vegetation changes, vegetation changes, vegetation changes, Fewer tags

Using TEK to model the effects of climate change and sea-level rise on coastal cultural resources at Tolowa Dunes State Park, Del Norte County, California

This project obtained information regarding past catastrophic events, such as tsunamis, and TEK through oral history interviews with Tolowa elders regarding the effects of climate change and tsunamis on traditional smelt fishing camps; generated a GIS model of coastal inundation due to sea level rise and overlaid that with known archaeological and ethnographic resources; generated a final report with detailed information of past tsunami events, and modeled the potential effects of climate change and sea level rise on archaeological and ethnographic Tolowa sites using TEK and GIS based upon the results of this study.

Categories: Data, Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: 2012, CA-2, CA-2, California, California, All tags... Datasets/Database, LCC, LCC Network Science Catalog, LCC Network Science Catalog - LCCScienceCatalog, NPLCC, NPLCC, NPLCC, NPLCC, North Pacific Landscape Conservation Cooperative, Priority C. Effects of changes in sea levels, Project, Regional & county planners, Report, Report, Socio-economics/Ecosystem Services, Socio-economics/Ecosystem Services, State agencies, TEK, TEK, Tolowa Dunes, Tolowa Dunes, Tolowa Dunes, Tolowa Dunes, Traditional Ecological Knowledge, Traditional Ecological Knowledge, Traditional Ecological knowledge, Tribes, Vulnerability Assessment, Vulnerability Assessment, adaptation strategies, adaptation strategies, adaptation strategies, adaptation strategies, climate change, climate change, climate change, climate change, completed, sea-level rise, sea-level rise, sea-level rise, sea-level rise, species sensitivities, species sensitivities, species sensitivities, species sensitivities, vegetation changes, vegetation changes, vegetation changes, vegetation changes, Fewer tags

Karuk Preserving Tribal Self-Determination and Knowledge Sovereignty While Expanding Use of Tribal Knowledge and Management in Off Reservation Lands in the Face of Climate Change

Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service

Implementing ecosystem-based management in the central coast of British Columbia: Support for Heiltsuk participation in strategic landscape reserve design process

The project incorporates Heiltsuk Traditional Knowledge and Values into ecosystem-based management planning within Strategic Landscape Reserve Design (SLRD) Landscape Units. The SLRD process seeks to identify areas to set aside from logging (harvesting) over short and long term timeframes. Heiltsuk Traditional Use Studies (HTUS) identify harvesting and other types of cultural sites that are important to Heiltsuk well-being. HTUS data that were incorporated into a Geographic GIS was drawn on for this project, where Heiltsuk members collected spatial and photographic data so that culturally important sites and forest resources could be buffered from forestry and other development activities. The base-line study, Map...

Categories: Data, Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: 2012, British Columbia, British Columbia, Change in air temperature and precipitation, Climate Change, All tags... Federal resource managers, LCC, LCC Network Science Catalog, LCC Network Science Catalog - LCCScienceCatalog, Methodology/Protocol, North Pacific Landscape Conservation Cooperative, Priority B. Changes in air temperature and precipitation on forests, Project, Regional & county planners, Report, Report, Science Project, Socio-economics/Ecosystem Services, TEK, Traditional Ecological Knowledge, Traditional Ecological Knowledge, Traditional Ecological Knowledge, Traditional Ecological knowledge, Tribes, Vulnerability Assessment, Vulnerability Assessment, climate change, climate change, climate change, completed, Fewer tags

NPLCC Traditional Knowledge Proposal - Engaging SE Alaska Tribes on TEK, though Central Council of Tlingit and Haida Indian Tribes of AK

Central Council Tlingit and Haida Indian Tribes of Alaska (Central Council) assisted the Organized Village of Kasaan (OVK) in their NPLCC grant, Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Climate Change project. A survey was developed and used to interview traditional gathers on the time of year they did subsistence gathering.

Categories: Data, Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: 2012, AK-0, AK-1, Academics & scientific researchers, Decision Support, All tags... Decision Support, LCC, LCC Network Science Catalog, LCC Network Science Catalog - LCCScienceCatalog, Methodology/Protocol, NPLCC, NPLCC, NPLCC, NPLCC, North Pacific Landscape Conservation Cooperative, Project, Report, SE Alasak, SE Alaska, Science Project, State agencies, TEK, TEK, Traditional Ecological Knowledge, Traditional Ecological Knowledge, Traditional Ecological Knowledge, Traditional Ecological knowledge, Tribes, adaptation strategies, adaptation strategies, adaptation strategies, adaptation strategies, climate change, climate change, climate change, climate change, completed, species sensitivities, species sensitivities, species sensitivities, species sensitivities, vegetation changes, vegetation changes, vegetation changes, vegetation changes, Fewer tags

Identifying and Synthesizing Climate Change Effects, Adaptation Approaches, and Science Opportunities in the NPLCC's Terrestrial Ecosystems

Cascadia Partner Forum: Transboundary Adaptation Efforts

The Cascadia Parner Forum fosters a network of natural resource practitioners working with the NPLCC and GNLCC to guild the adaptive capacity of the landscape and species living within it. This project supported three complementary transboundary climate adaptation and habitat connectivity activities in the Cascadia region: 1) Transboundary Climate Analysis by the Washington Wildlife Habitat Connectivity Working Group, 2) WildLinks workshop, and 3) Cascadia Partner Forum.

Categories: Data, Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Academics & scientific researchers, Adaptation planning, B.C. North Cascades, Conservation Design, Conservation NGOs, All tags... Conservation Plan/Design/Framework, Conservation Planning, Federal resource managers, LCC Network Science Catalog, Multiple priority topics, NPLCC, Project, Training/Outreach/Workshop, WA, WA-2, WA-6, Website, climate change, corridors, habitat connectivity, onGoing, Fewer tags

Cascadia Partner Forum: Transboundary Adaptation Efforts

The Cascadia Parner Forum fosters a network of natural resource practitioners working with the NPLCC and GNLCC to guild the adaptive capacity of the landscape and species living within it. This project supported three complementary transboundary climate adaptation and habitat connectivity activities in the Cascadia region: 1) Transboundary Climate Analysis by the Washington Wildlife Habitat Connectivity Working Group, 2) WildLinks workshop, and 3) Cascadia Partner Forum.

Categories: Data, Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Academics & scientific researchers, Adaptation planning, B.C. North Cascades, Conservation Design, Conservation NGOs, All tags... Conservation Plan/Design/Framework, Conservation Planning, Federal resource managers, LCC Network Science Catalog, Multiple priority topics, NPLCC, Project, Training/Outreach/Workshop, WA, WA-2, WA-6, Website, climate change, corridors, habitat connectivity, onGoing, Fewer tags

NPLCC Data Management Platform Focus Groups and Usability Testing

A combination of focus groups and usability tests were used to explore the needs and preferences of a variety of NPLCC stakeholders as regards data management platform content, format, and features. This information was used to inform NPLCC decisions about how best to meet needs not currently met by LC MAP through adjustments or enhancements to LC MAP itself or by connecting stakeholders with other platforms or portals.

Categories: Data, Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: 2012, Academics & scientific researchers, CA-2, CA-2, Data Acquisition and Development, All tags... Data Acquisition and Development, Data Management and Integration, Data Management and Integration, Data Management and Integration, Federal resource managers, GIS, GIS, LCC, LCC Network Science Catalog, LCC Network Science Catalog - LCCScienceCatalog, Multiple priority topics, North Pacific Landscape Conservation Cooperative, OR-1, OR-1, OR-1, OR-1, OR-3, OR-3, OR-3, OR-3, OR-4, OR-4, OR-4, OR-4, OR-5, OR-5, OR-5, OR-5, Project, Science Project, State agencies, Training/Outreach/Workshop, WA-1, WA-1, WA-1, WA-1, WA-10, WA-10, WA-10, WA-10, WA-2, WA-2, WA-2, WA-2, WA-3, WA-3, WA-3, WA-3, WA-6, WA-6, WA-6, WA-6, WA-7, WA-7, WA-7, WA-7, WA-9, WA-9, WA-9, WA-9, completed, data management platform, data management platform, data management platform, data management platform, Fewer tags

Determine if climate change can affect the gathering calendar and natural resources of Kasaan Village and nearby Tribes on Prince of Wales Island

This project will utilize traditional ecological knowledge to establish traditional gathering practices. Interviews will be conducted with traditional gatherers (a.k.a. subsistence) over the last two generations to get baseline data. The project will have a direct focus on the four (4) federally recognized Tribes on Prince of Wales Island (Craig, Hydaburg, Kasaan and Klawock).

Categories: Data, Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: 2012, AK-0, AK-1, Academics & scientific researchers, Alaska, All tags... Alaska, Alaska, Alaska, Alaska, Alaska, Climate Change, Conservation NGOs, Kasaan Village, Kasaan Village, Kasaan Village, Kasaan Village, Kasaan Village, Kasaan Village, LCC, LCC Network Science Catalog, LCC Network Science Catalog - LCCScienceCatalog, Methodology/Protocol, NPLCC, NPLCC, NPLCC, NPLCC, NPLCC, NPLCC, North Pacific Landscape Conservation Cooperative, Prince of Wales Island, Prince of Wales Island, Project, Report, Science Project, TEK, TEK, Traditional Ecological Knowledge, Traditional Ecological Knowledge, Traditional Ecological Knowledge, Traditional Ecological knowledge, Tribes, Vulnerability Assessment, Vulnerability Assessment, adaptation strategies, adaptation strategies, adaptation strategies, adaptation strategies, adaptation strategies, adaptation strategies, climate change, climate change, climate change, climate change, climate change, climate change, onGoing, species sensitivities, species sensitivities, species sensitivities, species sensitivities, species sensitivities, species sensitivities, vegetation changes, vegetation changes, vegetation changes, vegetation changes, vegetation changes, vegetation changes, Fewer tags

Cascadia Partner Forum: Transboundary Adaptation Efforts

The Cascadia Parner Forum fosters a network of natural resource practitioners working with the NPLCC and GNLCC to guild the adaptive capacity of the landscape and species living within it. This project supported three complementary transboundary climate adaptation and habitat connectivity activities in the Cascadia region: 1) Transboundary Climate Analysis by the Washington Wildlife Habitat Connectivity Working Group, 2) WildLinks workshop, and 3) Cascadia Partner Forum.

Categories: Data, Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: 2012, Academics & scientific researchers, Adaptation planning, Adaptation planning, B.C., All tags... B.C. North Cascades, B.C. North Cascades, B.C. North Cascades, Conservation Design, Conservation Design, Conservation NGOs, Conservation Plan/Design/Framework, Conservation Planning, Conservation Planning, Conservation Planning, Federal resource managers, LCC, LCC Network Science Catalog, LCC Network Science Catalog - LCCScienceCatalog, Multiple priority topics, NPLCC, NPLCC, North Cascades, North Pacific Landscape Conservation Cooperative, Project, Science Project, Training/Outreach/Workshop, WA, WA, WA, WA, WA-2, WA-2, WA-6, WA-6, WA-6, WA-6, Website, climate change, climate change, climate change, climate change, corridors, corridors, corridors, corridors, habitat connectivity, habitat connectivity, habitat connectivity, habitat connectivity, onGoing, Fewer tags

Workshop on Transboundary Analysis and Issues in the Temperate Rainforest

This project supported a bi-national workshop bringing together researchers and practitioners from across the range of the NPLCC. The workshop was hosted by Simon Fraser University in Greater Vancouver February 24-26, 2014 and furthered the work of the two previous workshops on transboundary data and analysis hosted by the Alaska Coastal Rainforest Center in Juneau.

Categories: Data, Project; Types: ArcGIS REST Map Service, ArcGIS Service Definition, Downloadable, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: 2012, Academics & scientific researchers, Alaska, Alaska, Alaska, All tags... Alaska, British Columbia, British Columbia, CA-2, CA-2, California, California, California, California, Change in air temperature and precipitation, Climate Change, Conservation NGOs, Data Acquisition and Development, Data Acquisition and Development, Data Acquisition and Development, Data Management and Integration, Data Management and Integration, Datasets/Database, Federal resource managers, GIS, GIS, GIS, GIS, LCC, LCC Network Science Catalog, LCC Network Science Catalog - LCCScienceCatalog, North Pacific Landscape Conservation Cooperative, OR-1, OR-1, OR-1, OR-1, OR-3, OR-3, OR-3, OR-3, OR-4, OR-4, OR-4, OR-4, OR-5, OR-5, OR-5, OR-5, Oregon, Oregon, Oregon, Oregon, Priority B. Changes in air temperature and precipitation on forests, Project, Report, Science Project, Training/Outreach/Workshop, US, US, US, US, WA-1, WA-1, WA-1, WA-1, WA-10, WA-10, WA-10, WA-10, WA-2, WA-2, WA-2, WA-2, WA-3, WA-3, WA-3, WA-3, WA-6, WA-6, WA-6, WA-6, WA-7, WA-7, WA-7, WA-7, WA-9, WA-9, WA-9, WA-9, Washington, Washington, Washington, Washington, completed, landscape data, landscape data, landscape data, landscape data, trans-boundary data, trans-boundary data, Fewer tags

Correlation and climate sensitivity of human health and environmental indicators in the Salish Sea - Swinomish Indian Tribal Community

The overarching goal of the project was to develop overlapping conceptual models of environmental and community health indicators in reference to climate forecasts. The sensitivity of species and habitats to climate were cross-walked with recently developed Coast Salish community health indicators (e.g. ceremonial use, knowledge exchange, and physiological well-being) in order to demonstrate how Indigenous Knowledge can be used in conjunction with established landscape-level conservation indicators (e.g. shellfish and water-quality) and employed to identify resource management priorities. While results are unique to study participants, no Indigenous community in the coastal Pacific Northwest is immune to the impending...

Categories: Data, Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: 2012, Changes in sea level and coastal storms, Climate Change, Disease, pest, and invasive species, Federal resource managers, All tags... LCC, LCC Network Science Catalog, LCC Network Science Catalog - LCCScienceCatalog, NPLCC, NPLCC, NPLCC, NPLCC, North Pacific Landscape Conservation Cooperative, PNW, PNW, PNW, PNW, Priority C. Effects of changes in sea levels, Priority E. Invasive species, diseases, pests, Project, Publication, Report, Salish Sea, Salish Sea, Science Project, State agencies, TEK, TEK, Traditional Ecological Knowledge, Traditional Ecological Knowledge, Traditional Ecological Knowledge, Traditional Ecological knowledge, Training/Outreach/Workshop, Tribes, Vulnerability Assessment, Vulnerability Assessment, WA-1, WA-1, WA-10, WA-10, WA-10, WA-10, WA-2, WA-2, WA-2, WA-2, WA-3, WA-3, WA-3, WA-3, WA-6, WA-6, WA-6, WA-6, WA-7, WA-7, WA-7, WA-7, WA-9, WA-9, WA-9, WA-9, Washington, Washington, Washington, Washington, adaptation strategies, adaptation strategies, adaptation strategies, adaptation strategies, climate change, climate change, climate change, climate change, completed, species sensitivities, species sensitivities, species sensitivities, species sensitivities, vegetation changes, vegetation changes, vegetation changes, vegetation changes, Fewer tags

Cross Boundary Data Integration III- Landcover Data

The Province of British Columbia, Ministry of Forests, Lands, & Natural Resource Operations, in partnership with Simon Fraser University and the Alaska Coastal Rainforest Center, led a third workshop to develop cross-boundary geospatial and climate data sets in support of regional conservation applications across NPLCC international boundaries. The workshop will provide opportunities for communicating and discussing priorities for the exchange, development and unification of geospatial and climate datasets.

Categories: Data, Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: AK-0, Academics & scientific researchers, Alaska, B.C. North Cascades, B.C. North Cascades, All tags... B.C. North Cascades, British Columbia, Change in air temperature and precipitation, Climate Change, Data Acquisition and Development, Data Management and Integration, Datasets/Database, Federal resource managers, Informing Conservation Delivery, LCC Network Science Catalog, LCC Network Science Catalog - LCCScienceCatalog, Map, NPLCC, North Pacific LCC, North Pacific Landscape Conservation Cooperative, Pacific Northwest, Priority B. Changes in air temperature and precipitation on forests, Project, Regional & county planners, Report, Transboundary data, WA, WA, WA, WA-2, WA-2, WA-2, WA-6, WA-6, WA-6, climate change, climate data, climate data, climate data, completed, conservation, conservation planning, cross-boundary, cross-boundary, cross-boundary, data integration, data integration, data integration, geospatial, landcover, landcover, landcover, Fewer tags

Mapping Pacific Northwest Riparian Areas: Measuring Current Condition And Prioritizing For Climate Change Adaptation

This project produced a base layer of riparian area and condition prioritized riparian areas likely to increase biological resilience to climate change. This project acted as a pilot for developing riparian area data layers for the WGA Crucial Habitat Assessment Tool.

Categories: Data, Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: 2012, Academics & scientific researchers, Climate Change, Conservation Planning, Data Acquisition and Development, All tags... Federal resource managers, Hydrologic regime shift, LCC, North Pacific Landscape Conservation Cooperative, Oregon, Oregon, Priority A. Effects of hydrologic regime shifts, Project, Science Project, State agencies, Vulnerability Assessment, Vulnerability Assessment, Vulnerability Assessment, WA-1, WA-1, WA-2, WA-2, WA-6, WA-6, Washington, Washington, adaptation strategies, adaptation strategies, climate change, climate change, completed, riparian areas, riparian areas, species sensitivities, species sensitivities, vegetation changes, vegetation changes, Fewer tags

Enhancing Outreach and Facilitating Climate-Smart Implementation of Strategic Science and Traditional Ecological Knowledge Priorities in the NPLCC

This project built on previous National Wildlife Federation work and literature reviews for the North Pacific Landscape Conservation Cooperative (NPLCC). The project report provided an assessment of climate change related challenges, needs, and opportunities to advance landscape-scale conservation, climate change adaptation, and sustainable resource management in the NPLCC.

Categories: Data, Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: 2012, Academics & scientific researchers, Academics & scientific researchers, Applications and Tools, CA-2, All tags... Conservation NGOs, Conservation Planning, Conservation Planning, LCC, LCC Network Science Catalog, LCC Network Science Catalog - LCCScienceCatalog, North Pacific LCC, North Pacific Landscape Conservation Cooperative, OR-1, OR-1, OR-1, OR-3, OR-3, OR-3, OR-4, OR-4, OR-4, OR-5, OR-5, OR-5, Project, Report, Report, State agencies, Traditional Ecological Knowledge, Traditional Ecological knowledge, Tribes, Tribes, Vulnerability Assessment, WA-1, WA-1, WA-1, WA-10, WA-10, WA-10, WA-2, WA-2, WA-2, WA-3, WA-3, WA-3, WA-6, WA-6, WA-6, WA-7, WA-7, WA-7, WA-9, WA-9, WA-9, climate change, completed, conservation priorites, Fewer tags

Preserving Tribal Self-Determination and Knowledge Sovereignty While Expanding Use of Tribal Knowledge and Management in Off Reservation Lands in the Face of Climate Change

For Tribes where significant knowledge of traditional management practices is intact, but where all or part of ancestral lands are managed by other agencies, it is important that the sharing of TEK and implementation of management take place in a manner that promotes rather than hinders Tribal sovereignty and self-determination. This project will identify existing institutional and cultural barriers to the sharing of Tribal TEK and expansion of Tribal management and provide recommendations for their resolution at local, regional and national levels.

Categories: Data, Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: AK-1, CA-2, Federal resource managers, LCC Network Science Catalog, LCC Network Science Catalog - LCCScienceCatalog, All tags... North Pacific LCC, OR-1, OR-3, OR-4, OR-5, Project, Regional & county planners, Traditional Ecological Knowledge, Traditional Ecological Knowledge, Traditional Ecological knowledge, Tribes, Vulnerability Assessment, WA-1, WA-10, WA-2, WA-3, WA-6, WA-7, WA-8, WA-9, climate change, community vulnerability, completed, traditional ecological knowledge, Fewer tags