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This report is published as one of a series of technical inputs to the National Climate Assessment (NCA) 2013 report. The NCA is being conducted under the auspices of the Global Change Research Act of 1990, which requires a report to the President and Congress every four years on the status of climate change science and impacts. The NCA informs the nation about already observed changes, the current status of the climate, and anticipated trends for the future. The NCA report process integrates scientific information from multiple sources and sectors to highlight key findings and significant gaps in our knowledge. Findings from the NCA provide input to federal science priorities and are used by U.S. citizens, communities,...
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Coral reefs are seriously threatened by ocean acidification and climate change impacts like coral bleaching. Importantly though, the degree of threat varies for different coral reef areas due to differences in local and regional climate drivers. Climate models are based on the scientific community’s understanding of climate drivers and were used during this project to look forward or ‘project’ conditions in coral reef areas. The projections are global maps that depict changes in acidification and the frequency and severity of the temperature stress events that cause coral bleaching. The project team found that the date by which really severe bleaching is projected to occur annually varies with latitude. Beyond this...
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The conservation community of the Caribbean can feel small, at times, or as vast as the ocean thatsurrounds us. In a growingly complex world of environmental and social obstacles it is imperative towork collaboratively across ecosystems, scales, disciplines and methodologies. Protecting natural andcultural resources is essential to sustaining our health and quality of life. People, along with the fish andwildlife, rely on clean water and the benefits of healthy rivers, streams, wetlands, forests, grasslands,coasts, coral reefs, estuaries and oceans in order to thrive. Equally as diverse and vibrant as ourecosystems are the Caribbean peoples, histories, and cultures that are arguably just as threatened as ournatural...
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Pelagic seabirds (albatrosses and petrels) find food by relying on distinct oceanographic features like transition zones, upwelling, and large eddies. These oceanographic features change intensity, distribution, and duration during El Niño/La Niña events resulting in poor breeding performance in seabirds. Climate models predict that these perturbations will last longer, be more variable, and in some cases, cause major shifts in oceanographic regimes. We analyzed our decade-­‐long dataset of tracked Laysan and black-­‐footed albatrosses (N = 192 individual trips) the breed in the Northwest Hawaiian Islands to investigate the mechanistic role that oceanography plays in affecting the foraging distributions and its...
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This study focused on sensitivity of high-elevation ecosystems in Hawai‘i to climate change. These Hawaiian ecosystems are becoming warmer and drier, and are relevant because they house many rare species, represent the last remaining stretches of uninvaded landscapes, and include wao akua – the small-statured cloud forests of great cultural significance that are the ‘realm of the gods’. Rapid climate change here presents a disproportionately high climate change impact risk. We provided models that relate current, past, and future distribution of plant species from 6000 – 7500’ feet in elevation on Haleakalā, to mean climate, extreme drought events, and soil properties. We constructed 24 models of current vegetation...
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The Arctic Coastal Plain Aerial Breeding Pair Survey provides data on distribution, abundance, and trend of 33 bird species that nest in northern Alaska. The survey has been conducted in its current form annually since 2007. Methods follow the standard operating procedures for the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey. Primary uses of the survey data are to evaluate recovery status of Spectacled Eider (Somateria fischeri) and Steller’s Eider (Polysticta stelleri), as well as monitor species of conservation concern including Lesser Snow Goose (Chen caerulescens caerulescens), Yellow-billed Loon (Gavia adamsii), Red-throated Loon (G. stellata), and Black Brant (Branta bernicla nigricans). Survey data are...
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The roselaari subspecies of Red Knot is one of the rarest shorebird populations breeding in North America, based on a the current population size estimate of 17,000 individuals (Carmona et al 2013). As a result of suspected declines,the roselaari subspecies has been designated as threatened by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada and was petitioned for listing under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s decision to not conduct a full status review for listing was based on the lack of substantial information identifying threats and population trends (USFWS 2011). The apparent low population size coupled with the scarcity of information on many demographic and...
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Shorebirds are a group of predominantly migratory birds that are declining at an alarming rate; many of them have declined by more than 50% since 1970 and 13 are of federal conservation concern. With staggeringly long, trans-hemispheric migrations along each of North America’s migratory flyways — distinct corridors that divide North America longitudinally — shorebirds breeding in the Arctic and sub-Arctic and wintering in Central and South America encounter a multitude of threats during their annual cycles. This study aims to track the fall migration of a suite of species from their breeding sites across Alaska to the southern extent of their respective ranges and address how differences in migratory connectivity...
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Multiple lines of evidence suggest that the Gray-headed Chickadee (Poecile cinctus lathami), a population endemic to Alaska and northwestern Canada, has declined and/or been extirpated from locations where they were considered historically common. In contrast, the Boreal Chickadee, a native congener, has recently colonized locations where Gray-headed Chickadees once occurred. This project focuses on whether hybridization (and subsequent transfer of genetic material from one species into another with continued breeding events overtime) between these two closely related chickadee species may be responsible for Gray-headed Chickadee declines. Specifically, our objectives are to: 1) Conduct call-playback surveys to...
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Eareckson Air Station (AS) on Shemya Island is strategically located on the far eastern end of Alaska’s Aleutian archipelago. The frequent use of aircraft at this installation poses unique conflicts between the natural resources of the island and maintaining mission readiness and human/aircraft safety. Sikes Act Section 101(a) (16 U.S. Code 670a(a)) requires that Department of Defense (DoD) installations prepare Integrated Natural Resources Management Plans (INRMP) to conserve and rehabilitate natural resources on military installations and ensure that activities on the installations are integrated and consistent with environmental stewardship, laws and regulations, and the military mission. Accordingly, the DoD...
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Vast areas of the PNW remain data deficient with respect to the estimated more than 750 wild bee species that provide essential ecosystem services there. The Oregon Bee Atlas is working with expert volunteer Master Melittologists to address these deficits by conducting intensive multi-method inventory and monitoring field work throughout the state and with a special focus in Grassland and Sagebrush habitats due to their rich biodiversity. This field work generates species occurrence data, data on community assemblage, ecological data on bee-floral relations, and collects genetic material for hundreds of pollinator species. This informs conservation and restoration of species-at-risk, informs species assessments,...
map background search result map search result map Future Distribution of Cloud Forests and Associated Species in Hawaii Responses of Hawaiian Albatrosses to Environmental Change Pacific Islands Regional Climate Assessment Integrating detailed assessments of climate threats on Pacific coral reefs and responses of traditional Hawaiian communities into management planning US and wider Caribbean Ecosystem Governance: Connecting the Dots in Conservation Alaska Arctic Coastal Plain Breeding Waterbird Aerial Survey 2007-Present Survey of Bombus (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and DNA barcoding of sagebrush biome wild bees (Hymenoptera: Anthophila) in Oregon's High Desert Alaska Department of Defense Shorebird Migratory Phenologies and Strategies Study 2022-Present Alaska Grey-headed Chickadee and Boreal Chickadee Hybridization Study Alaska Red Knot Migration Study 2015-Present Alaska Eareckson Air Station Avian Study 2020-Present Alaska Eareckson Air Station Avian Study 2020-Present Alaska Red Knot Migration Study 2015-Present US and wider Caribbean Ecosystem Governance: Connecting the Dots in Conservation Future Distribution of Cloud Forests and Associated Species in Hawaii Survey of Bombus (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and DNA barcoding of sagebrush biome wild bees (Hymenoptera: Anthophila) in Oregon's High Desert Alaska Arctic Coastal Plain Breeding Waterbird Aerial Survey 2007-Present Alaska Grey-headed Chickadee and Boreal Chickadee Hybridization Study Responses of Hawaiian Albatrosses to Environmental Change Alaska Department of Defense Shorebird Migratory Phenologies and Strategies Study 2022-Present Pacific Islands Regional Climate Assessment Integrating detailed assessments of climate threats on Pacific coral reefs and responses of traditional Hawaiian communities into management planning