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Societal water-use estimates were required for the other four components of the Coastal Carolinas focus area study. Estimates of water withdrawals related to the societal water use included categories of public supply, self-supplied domestic, industrial, thermoelectric power, irrigation for crops and golf courses, livestock, mining, and aquaculture. Estimates for wastewater returns to surface water bodies were also needed for the surface-water modeling component of the project. These estimates were derived from site-specific data when available or disaggregated from county level information previously published in the USGS series of national water-use reports. These reports were facilitated by the USGS National...
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An existing biological response model of fish populations in the Tennessee and Apalachicola, Chattahoochee, Flint (ACF) River basins, and an existing biological response model of invertebrates in Delaware and NC will serve as the starting points for the development of empirical flow-biology response models for the Yadkin/Pee Dee/Waccamaw and Cape Fear River basins. The existing ecological response models will be used to determine if the land-use and streamflow characteristics that are important in determining biological responses in the existing models are also important in the Yadkin/Pee Dee/Waccamaw and Cape Fear River basins or whether other variables are more important in determining responses. These comparisons...
Integrated land- and water-use planning strategies are gaining attention as means to inform consideration of more water-efficient urbanization patterns in response to uncertain water availability. We coupled climate and land change projections with empirically-derived coefficient estimates of development-related water demand to project water demand under future conditions of environmental change. Development-related water demand, used to characterize the water footprint of urbanization, is classified as the combined use of public water supply, domestic self-supply and industrial self-supply. We simulated two scenarios of urban growth from 2012 to 2065 using the FUTure Urban-Regional Environment Simulation (FUTURES)...
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Surface-water models are being developed to simulate streamflow at existing USGS gaging stations and other ungaged locations in and upstream of the Coastal Basins of the Carolinas. The models will be used to simulate the potential effects of projected changes in water-use, climate, and urbanization through the year 2065. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is being used to develop the models. The SWAT model is a physically-based watershed model with the capability of incorporating water-use data. The model operates on a daily time step, which is necessary to support the data input requirements of future ecological response modeling. The models are being calibrated to the period 2000-2014 and will subsequently...
The Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifers and confining units of North and South Carolina are composed of crystalline carbonate rocks, sand, clay, silt, and gravel and contain large volumes of high-quality groundwater. Some of these aquifers have a long history of use dating back to the earliest days of European settlement in the late 1600’s. Groundwater use from the Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifers in North and South Carolina has increased during the past 70 years as the population has increased along with demands for municipal, industrial, and agricultural water needs. While North and South Carolina work to increase development of water supplies in response to the rapid growth occurring in these coastal areas, the States...
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