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Human-caused modifications to surface and ground water systems throughout Hawaii have drastically altered natural hydrologic regimes (a key fish habitat process), which in turn have profoundly limited the distribution and population sizes of native aquatic fauna. Most water for cities comes from wells, although stream water is used in Upper and East Maui. However, smaller communities and agriculture often rely on surface water obtained through diversions. Irrigation systems have been built to support the cultivation of row crops, such as corn, tomatoes, sugar cane, and nut trees. They transfer large volumes of water from natural watercourses and groundwater and into networks of ditches, tunnels, flumes, reservoirs,...
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Corn, soybeans, other row crops, and dairy farms dominate the landscape across southern Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan. Most of the agricultural activity in this region came at the expense of the large wetland complexes and woodlots that were found across the landscape in this region.Tile drains have been used extensively throughout the region and have turned streams and wetlands into drainage ditches, devoid of fish habitat. These drainage systems have completely altered stream flow patterns (hydrology), increasing watershed-wide peak discharge events that have destabilized downstream river reaches and decreased baseflows, in these areas. These changes in water flow patterns have created higher bank erosion...
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There are more than 9,800 regulated dams in the Mountain States and 69 percent are in Colorado and Montana. This does not include a large number of dams that are not regulated under dam safety codes, in particular the large number of water withdrawal structures. Dams and irrigation diversion structures provide power and flood control along the rivers of the mountain states, as well as supply water to the farms, ranches, and cities in these states. The reduced flows from water diversions result in less water in the streams for fish, and these altered flows change river habitat by changing sediment and woody debris recruitment and transport, a key factors that control fish habitat that could only be partly examined...
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The Shoal Bass (Micropterus cataractae) is one of a number of unique, lesser-known native bass species that have very restricted distributions. Juveniles and adults of this species require riffle and pool habitat with clean gravel substrate for spawning. Although the exact mechanism of population declines for this species has not been proven, the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint basin where Shoal Bass occur is the second-most impounded basin east of the Mississippi River, with more than 1,400 impoundments. The dams have fragmented and destroyed habitats through inundation, altered water flows, changed temperature regimes, and allowed the establishment of similar competing non-native basses, such as the Spotted...
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Mississippi designated the Largemouth Bass as the official State fish in 1974, and it is the State freshwater fish in Florida, Alabama, and Georgia. The Pascagoula River is a unique resource because it is the only nearly completely free flowing (undammed) river in the region. With more than 10 cubic kilometers (2.4 cu mi) of water flowing per year into the Gulf of Mexico, it is the largest (by volume) undammed river in the contiguous 48 States. In fact, it is also the largest undammed river in the warm, humid region (Köppen climate classification zone), with southeastern Brazil claiming the second and third largest rivers in the climate zone. As a result, there continues to be a concerted effort to prevent dam construction...
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Cattle and sheep ranching are common in Southern Plains States. Areas of very high risk of habitat degradation in eastern portions of this region correspond to areas characterized as pasture. Rain and snow melt carry nutrient-rich animal waste to streams and rivers and when livestock drink from local streams they trample the stream banks and cause excessive sedimentation in the streams. Sedimentation, caused by many forms of human activity, has affected many rivers and reservoirs of the Southern Plains and work is underway in some areas to rehabilitate reservoirs affected by sedimentation. For example, a large scale project to remove seven million cubic yards of sediment from Lake Wichita, Texas is underway. Rehabilitating...
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While the overall assessment indicated that fish habitat in this region is some of the most threatened in the United States, some of the key fish habitat forming processes, such as water flow (hydrology) and grazing intensity, could not be fully included in this assessment as there are no national coverages for all of the supporting data needed to properly examine these processes. As a result, habitat condition (quality) has likely been overestimated for some systems in this region and the risk of degradation is likely higher than estimated. It is expected that future national assessments will include information on more of the key habitat processes as resources and data are available. The results from this assessment...
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Approximately 90 percent of the drinking water for the Washington, D.C. area comes from the Potomac River. An average of approximately 486 million gallons (1.8 million cubic meters) of water is withdrawn from the Potomac River daily in the Washington area for water supply. This is equivalent to a mid-size river with a flow of 750 cubic feet per second. At 464 miles (747 kilometers) long, the Susquehanna River is the longest river on the American east coast that drains into the Atlantic Ocean. When its watershed area is included, it is the 16th largest river in the United States and the longest river in the continental United States without commercial boat traffic today. The Susquehanna River: is almost a mile (1.6...
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Most severe disturbances in the Pacific Coast States associated with stream reaches being scored as having high or very high risk of habitat degradation. Disturbances are grouped into large groups (fragmentation by dams; nutrient and sediment pollution; human population; road length and crossings; water withdrawals; urban land use; agricultural land use; mines and impervious surface cover) within the four spatial scales (local catchment, network catchment, local buffer, and network buffer). Only disturbance groups that have greater than 5% of stream length in a given category are represented in this figure. Note that not all disturbance categories are available for each spatial scale; buffers have only urban land...
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The Bluenose Shiner (Pteronotropis welaka) inhabits a variety of habitats from backwaters and swamps to spring-run streams. It is often found in deep pools with aquatic vegetation. Population losses have been observed where either aquatic or streamside vegetation was removed. Other threats include changes in water quality and quantity, impoundments, dredging, urbanization, and both point source and non-point source pollution.
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In general, the northern portion of this region, such as Maine, upper Vermont and New Hampshire, and the Adirondack and Catskill Mountains in New York, are at lower risk of current degradation than the southern areas, where population pressures are more intense. Overall, 53 percent of the stream miles in the Northeastern States have a low or very low risk of habitat degradation. However, the Northeastern States have experienced extensive alteration and loss of aquatic habitats in many areas. As a result, 32 percent of the stream miles have high or very high risk of aquatic habitat degradation and the region is one of the most threatened in the conterminous United States. The most common disturbances in the region...
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Northern Ohio, Indiana and Illinois are part of the Factory Belt, an area that was a primary center of manufacturing and industry from the late 1800s to the late 1900s. The manufacturing processes resulted in discharges of a broad range of toxins to local waterways. PCBs and dioxins, which have been banned for more than a decade, still pose a problem in the area’s rivers, lakes, and reservoirs because these industrial chemicals do not break down over time. For example, the Ashtabula River, in northeast Ohio, flows into Lake Erie and has been severely contaminated by a multitude of hazardous substances from legacy industrial discharges. This resulted in a 45 percent reduction in fish species, a 52 percent reduction...
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The Ozark Cavefish (Amblyopsis rosea) is found in specific cave systems with clean flowing groundwater. These systems suffer from human use of and (or) alterations to the cave systems. Recreational cavers can damage the cave ecosystem or interrupt breeding, causing this species to leave the cave, unlikely to return. Some caves have been flooded by the creation of reservoirs or have dried up because of lowered water tables from excessive groundwater pumping or water diversion.
Partnerships - Reservoir Fisheries Habitat Partnership, Southeast Aquatic Resources Partnership, and Fishers and Farmers Partnership Partners improved 10 miles shoreline and 150 acres of cove habitat in Arkansas. Cooperators planted and protected about 22,000 native plants, removed 8,000 acres of invasive plants, and constructed 60 brush or rock piles in Arkansas reservoirs. Provided improvement for 1,875 feet of reservoir shoreline habitat in Missouri. Funded efforts to install 30 brush piles in Mozingo Lake, Missouri. Worked with farmers in the Peno Creek Watershed, Missouri to develop innovative practices that benefited both natural resources and farmers. For more about specific waters and projects the Central...
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Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio constitute the majority of what is known as the Corn Belt, the most intensive agricultural region in the U.S. with corn and soybeans as the predominant crops. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture 61 percent of the acreage of the Central Midwest region was cropland in 2012. The corn and soybean is fed to livestock, making this a key area for the production of hogs, chickens, and cattle. The production of ethanol as a fuel additive has greatly increased corn production and Conservation Reserve Program land has increasingly become farmed again as agricultural commodity prices have increased from increased product demand. Runoff and drainage from agricultural fields and...
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Alaska is the largest state in the United States (586,412 square miles) and has a diverse array of fish habitats including most of the nation’s intact and highest condition fish habitat. Alaska has an estimated 46,882 miles of coastal shoreline, more than 3 million lakes, and at least 365,000 miles of rivers and streams. Pacific salmon (five species), pollock, halibut, Pacific cod, king crab, and many other species support robust subsistence, recreational, and commercial fisheries, nearly all of which come from self-sustaining wild populations. For Alaskans, fishing is an integral part of their heritage and culture and an important means of supporting their families. The inland assessment for Alaska focuses on...
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Reductions of flows resulting from drought and water withdrawals threaten the Fountain Darter (Etheostoma fonticola) in the headwater springs that feed the San Marcos and Comal Rivers, Texas. These are the only two places in the world this species is found. It uses dense aquatic plants and algae as habitat. It is severely threatened by the loss of vegetation caused by an exotic snail and afflicted by a parasitic non-native trematode whose life cycle uses the exotic snail as a host.
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Partnerships - Western Native Trout Initiative, Reservoir Fisheries Habitat Partnership, Desert Fish Habitat Partnership Funding was provided to construct three barriers to protect Rio Grande Cutthroat Trout populations in the Carson National Forest, New Mexico; one barrier to protect Gila Trout in Willow Creek, New Mexico; and one barrier to protect 54 miles of important Lahontan Cutthroat Trout habitat in Lower McDermitt Creek, Nevada, the largest meta population of Lahontan Cutthroat Trout in the Northwest population segment. Assessed 89 miles of streams for 15 fish populations and aquatic macroinvertebrate surveys, predominantly, to determine the effect of wildfires on Gila Trout and associated aquatic species...
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Coal is mined throughout southern West Virginia, southwestern Virginia, and western Pennsylvania; mining activities account for elevated risks of aquatic habitat degradation throughout this zone. Drainage from coal mines and coal refuse piles is a common problem in the Appalachian coal region. Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection reported in 2014 that streams surveyed in the western portion of the state, such as the Monongahela River, were considered impaired due to sulfates from mining. Coal mine drainage also releases acidic water into streams, making them thousands of times more acidic than unaffected streams and eliminating a majority of native aquatic species in the process. The practice of “mountaintop...
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Minnesota is known as “The Land of 10,000 Lakes” and officially there are 11,842 lakes more than 10 acres (40,000 m²) in size. The prevalence of lakes has generated many repeat names. For example, there are more than 200 Mud Lakes, 150 Long Lakes, and 120 Rice Lakes. Minnesota's waters flow outward in three directions: 1) north to Hudson Bay in Canada; 2) east to the Atlantic Ocean; and 3) south to the Gulf of Mexico. Wisconsin and Michigan both have waters that flow east to the Atlantic Ocean and south to the Gulf of Mexico. Wetlands acreage present in 1850: 18.6 million acres (7.5 million hectares). Wetlands acreage present in 2008: 10.6 million acres (4.3 million hectares). Massive ice sheets at least 1 kilometer...
map background search result map search result map Habitat Trouble for Shoal Bass in Southeast Atlantic States Description of Mining as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Mid-Atlantic States Description of Dams and Other Barriers as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Mountain States Habitat Trouble for Fountain Darters in Southern Plains States Description of Reduced Water Flows as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Hawaii Facts About Eastern Gulf of Mexico States Description of Agriculture as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Upper Midwest States Fish Habitat Partnership Activities for the Central Mississippi River States Facts About Upper Midwest States Facts About Mid-Atlantic States Summary of Scientific Findings for Alaska Description of Point Source Pollution as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Central Midwest States ​Habitat Trouble for Bluenose Shiner in Eastern Gulf of Mexico States Description of Agriculture as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Central Midwest States Habitat Trouble for Ozark Cavefish in Central Mississippi River States Fish Habitat Partnership Activities for the Southwestern States Summary of Scientific Findings for Northeastern States from the 2015 National Fish Habitat Assessment Description of Pasture as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Southern Plains States Summary of Scientific Findings for Northern Plains States Pacific Coast States Most Pervasive and Severe Disturbances Figure Description of Mining as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Mid-Atlantic States Facts About Mid-Atlantic States Habitat Trouble for Shoal Bass in Southeast Atlantic States Summary of Scientific Findings for Northern Plains States Summary of Scientific Findings for Northeastern States from the 2015 National Fish Habitat Assessment Description of Point Source Pollution as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Central Midwest States Description of Agriculture as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Central Midwest States Habitat Trouble for Ozark Cavefish in Central Mississippi River States Description of Agriculture as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Upper Midwest States Facts About Upper Midwest States Facts About Eastern Gulf of Mexico States ​Habitat Trouble for Bluenose Shiner in Eastern Gulf of Mexico States Pacific Coast States Most Pervasive and Severe Disturbances Figure Fish Habitat Partnership Activities for the Southwestern States Description of Dams and Other Barriers as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Mountain States Habitat Trouble for Fountain Darters in Southern Plains States Description of Pasture as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Southern Plains States Description of Reduced Water Flows as a Human Activity Affecting Fish Habitat in Hawaii Summary of Scientific Findings for Alaska