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Hydrologic processes during extreme rainfall events are poorly characterized because of the rarity of measurements. Improved understanding of hydrologic controls on natural hazards is needed because of the potential for substantial risk during extreme precipitation events. We present field measurements of the degree of soil saturation and estimates of available soil-water storage during the September 2013 Colorado extreme rainfall event at burned (wildfire in 2010) and unburned hillslopes with north- and south-facing slope aspects. Soil saturation was more strongly correlated with slope aspect than with recent fire history; south-facing hillslopes became fully saturated while north-facing hillslopes did not. Our...
We collected soil-hydraulic property data from the literature for wildfire-affected soils, ash, and unburned soils. These data were used to calculate metrics and timescales of hydrologic response related to infiltration and surface runoff generation. Sorptivity (S) and wetting front potential (Ψf) were significantly different (lower) in burned soils compared with unburned soils, whereas field-saturated hydraulic conductivity (Kfs) was not significantly different. The magnitude and duration of the influence of capillarity during infiltration was greatly reduced in burned soils, causing faster ponding times in response to rainfall. Ash had large values of S and Kfs but moderate values of Ψf, compared with unburned...
Categories: Publication
The data presented in this data release represent observations of postfire debris flows that have been collected from publicly available datasets. Data originate from 13 different countries: the United States, Australia, China, Italy, Greece, Portugal, Spain, the United Kingdom, Austria, Switzerland, Canada, South Korea, and Japan. The data are located in the file called “PFDF_database_sortedbyReference.txt” and a description of each column header can be found in both the file “column_headers.txt” and the metadata file (“Post-fire Debris-Flow Database (Literature Derived).xml”). The observations are derived from areas that have been burned by wildfire and are global in nature. However, this dataset is synthesized...
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: California,
China,
Debris Flow,
Greece,
Italy,
This dataset includes physical and hydraulic properties at selected sites in interior Alaska. Physical properties include dry bulk density, loss on ignition, saturated soil water content, and particle size distribution. Hydraulic properties include field-saturated hydraulic conductivity.
Categories: Data;
Tags: Dalton Highway,
Steese Highway,
alaska,
hydraulic properties,
interior Alaska,
This dataset includes volumetric soil-water content profiles with depth at selected sites in interior Alaska.
Categories: Data;
Tags: Dalton Highway,
Steese Highway,
alaska,
hydraulic properties,
interior Alaska,
This is a multi-disciplinary community of scientists who study the effects of wildfire disturbance on the built and natural environment. The mission is to understand natural processes such as infiltration, rainfall-runoff, erosion, sediment and chemical transport, and water quality effects. The focus is on obtaining field-based measurements that can be used to improve or develop models for use by emergency, land and water supply managers as tools for decision making.
This data release presents measurements and derived parameters for attributes of bulk density, loss on ignition, soil-water retention, and hydraulic conductivity for a site (Richardson) near Hess Creek in interior Alaska, USA. These measurements are useful for hydrologic modeling and predictions of water availability in this region.
Wildfire can affect soil hydraulic properties, often resulting in reduced infiltration. The magnitude of change in infiltration varies depending on the burn severity. Quantitative approaches to link burn severity with changes in infiltration are lacking. This study uses controlled laboratory measurements to determine relations between a remotely sensed burn severity metric (dNBR, change in normalised burn ratio) and soil hydraulic properties (SHPs). SHPs were measured on soil cores collected from an area burned by the 2013 Black Forest fire in Colorado, USA. Six sites with the same soil type were selected across a range of burn severities, and 10 random soil cores were collected from each site within a 30-m diameter...
This dataset includes physical and hydraulic properties at selected sites in interior Alaska. These properties include soil-water retention data, and parameters used in a common soil-water retention model (van Genuchten model).
Categories: Data;
Tags: Dalton Highway,
Steese Highway,
alaska,
hydraulic properties,
interior Alaska,
Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), downhole nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and manual permafrost-probe measurements were used to quantify permafrost characteristics along transects within several catchments in interior Alaska in late summer 2016 and 2017. Geophysical sites were chosen to coincide with additional soil, hydrologic, and geochemical measurements adjacent to various low-order streams and tributaries in a mix of burned and unburned watersheds in both silty and rocky environments. Data were collected in support of the Striegl-01 NASA ABoVE project, "Vulnerability of inland waters and the aquatic carbon cycle to changing permafrost and climate across boreal northwestern North America." Additional...
Categories: Data;
Types: Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
Shapefile;
Tags: Active layer thickness,
Alaska,
Borehole nuclear magnetic resonance,
Disturbance,
Fire,
Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), downhole nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and manual permafrost-probe measurements were used to quantify permafrost characteristics along transects within several catchments in interior Alaska in late summer 2016 and 2017. Geophysical sites were chosen to coincide with additional soil, hydrologic, and geochemical measurements adjacent to various low-order streams and tributaries in a mix of burned and unburned watersheds in both silty and rocky environments. Data were collected in support of the Striegl-01 NASA ABoVE project, "Vulnerability of inland waters and the aquatic carbon cycle to changing permafrost and climate across boreal northwestern North America." Additional...
Categories: Data;
Types: Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
Shapefile;
Tags: Active layer thickness,
Alaska,
Borehole nuclear magnetic resonance,
Disturbance,
Fire,
This Data Release summarizes measurements of hydraulic and physical properties of soils and ash at sites in the area impacted by the 2017 Thomas Fire, USA. Physical properties include dry bulk density, loss on ignition, and saturated soil water content. Hydraulic properties include field-saturated hydraulic conductivity, sorptivity, Green-Ampt wetting front potential, and soil water retention. These measurements provide a foundation to reduce uncertainty of parameters in hydrologic models used to predict water-related hazards, water quality, and water quantity. Note that all methods of data acquisition and processing, column headings, and data annotations are explained in the metadata files.
Categories: Data;
Tags: California,
Santa Barbara County,
Thomas Fire,
Ventura County,
hydraulic properties,
This product is a Model Archive for Green-Ampt method infiltration modeling following wildfire in the Boulder Creek watershed, in the Colorado Front Range, USA. The models contained in this archive simulate infiltration and consequent runoff generation through 7 years of recovery following a wildfire in 2010. These simulations provide insight to changes in the timing of runoff generation that have implications for water quantity and quality following wildfire, with direct impacts on water supply.
The West Fork of Dall Creek is located ~100km southwest of Coldfoot, AK along the Dalton Highway, south of the Brooks Range. Five ground penetrating radar (GPR) profiles were collected on 4/4/2019 at the West Fork of Dall Creek in interior Alaska. The West Fork of Dall Creek is composed of unburned black spruce forest with a burn scar from the 2004 Dall City Fire. All collected profiles, other than the Central Midpoint Survey (CMP), transect the burn scar between start and end locations in unburned black spruce forest. Data were collected with a Sensors and Software pulseEKKO pro unit and 100 mHz antennas. Four of the lines were conducted as common offset surveys with manual data collection that employed a consistent...
Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), downhole nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and manual permafrost-probe measurements were used to quantify permafrost characteristics along transects within several catchments in interior Alaska in late summer 2016 and 2017. Geophysical sites were chosen to coincide with additional soil, hydrologic, and geochemical measurements adjacent to various low-order streams and tributaries in a mix of burned and unburned watersheds in both silty and rocky environments. Data were collected in support of the Striegl-01 NASA ABoVE project, "Vulnerability of inland waters and the aquatic carbon cycle to changing permafrost and climate across boreal northwestern North America." Additional...
Categories: Data;
Types: Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
Shapefile;
Tags: Active layer thickness,
Alaska,
Borehole nuclear magnetic resonance,
Disturbance,
Fire,
The West Fork of Dall Creek is located ~100km southwest of Coldfoot, AK along the Dalton Highway, south of the Brooks Range. The West Fork of Dall Creek is composed of unburned black spruce forest with a burn scar from the 2004 Dall City Fire. Multi-season, multi-method geophysical data were collected both within the burned and unburned areas. Geophysical techniques used include Nuculear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) data. NMR data were collected with a down borehole Dart tool (Vista Clara Inc.). GPR data were collected with a Sensors and Software pulseEKKO pro unit and 100 mHz antennas and a high power (1000V) transmitter. Soil temperature data were collected from the unburned black...
This data release presents measurements and derived parameters for attributes of bulk density, loss on ignition, soil-water retention, and hydraulic conductivity for a site (Richardson) near Hess Creek in interior Alaska, USA. These measurements are useful for hydrologic modeling and predictions of water availability in this region.
The West Fork of Dall Creek is located ~100km southwest of Coldfoot, AK along the Dalton Highway, south of the Brooks Range. The West Fork of Dall Creek is composed of unburned black spruce forest with a burn scar from the 2004 Dall City Fire. HOBO Tidbit v2 temperature data loggers that recorded soil temperature were installed in the unburned black spruce forest adjacent to the burn scar on 5/10/2017 and removed on 6/26/2018. Data were collected from depths of 10, 30, 50, and 70 cm.
This database contains information on peak flows (floods, hyperconcentrated flows, and debris flows) after wildfire. Data were collected from the scientific literature and the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System. These data provide a foundation to assess the upper limits of post-wildfire floods that imperil human lives, infrastructure, and water supplies. Literature citations for studies that the data were sourced from are contained in the file "bibliographyv2.rtf".
Categories: Data;
Tags: Hydrology,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
Water Quality,
Water Resources,
utilitiesCommunication,
Post-wildfire runoff was investigated by combining field measurements and modelling of infiltration into fire-affected soils to predict time-to-start of runoff and peak runoff rate at the plot scale (1 m2). Time series of soil-water content, rainfall and runoff were measured on a hillslope burned by the 2010 Fourmile Canyon Fire west of Boulder, Colorado during cyclonic and convective rainstorms in the spring and summer of 2011. Some of the field measurements and measured soil physical properties were used to calibrate a one-dimensional post-wildfire numerical model, which was then used as a ‘virtual instrument’ to provide estimates of the saturated hydraulic conductivity and high-resolution (1 mm) estimates of...
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