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This data release contains the concentration and quality-assurance results for inorganic constituents, as well as organic compounds (volatile organic compounds [VOC], per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances [PFAS], pesticides and disinfection byproducts [DBP]) and microbiological results collected in the Little Big Horn River and residential or commercial tapwater locations in Montana. Twenty-two tapwater samples (six sourced from public supply and 14 sourced from private wells) and six surface-water samples were collected in Montana between August 8-10, 2022. Pharmaceuticals, VOC, and PFAS were analyzed at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL) in Denver, Colorado. Pesticides and...
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Data in this data release were obtained for water samples collected under Yellowstone National Park Research Permit YELL-05194 in 2017 through the Integrated Yellowstone Studies Project funded by the Mineral Resources Program. Isotope-spiked incubations were carried out to determine methylation and demethylation potential for Frying Pan spring, Crystal Sister East, Crystal Sister West, and Turbulent Pool, which were selected based on existing data on total mercury and methylmercury concentrations (see companion data release (https://doi.org/10.5066/P9IUY03O). The data represent the experimental conditions of incubation experiments (temperature, time, and experimental spikes) and concentration data associated with...
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Slug additions are often the most accurate method for determining discharge when traditional current meter or acoustic measurements are unreliable because of high turbulence, rocky streambed, shallow or sheet flow, or the stream is physically inaccessible (e.g., under ice or canyon walls) or unsafe to wade (Zellweger et al., 1989, Kilpatrick and Cobb 1984, Ferranti 2015). The slug addition method for determining discharge requires an injection of a known amount of a single salt and high-frequency downstream measurement of solute concentration to capture the response curve (Kilpatrick and Cobb 1984). A new slug method was developed to determine stream discharge utilizing specific conductance and ionic molal conductivities...
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Biogeochemical processes are key drivers of chemical solubility and mobilization. Understanding these processes will lead to improved predictive capabilities and may aid with watershed management decisions. This data release presents results from the Boulder Creek, Colorado watershed, including analyses of water and sediment. From April to August 2019, water samples were collected weekly at 2 sites along Boulder Creek and 4 tributary sites draining into Boulder Creek. In August 2022, water samples were collected every 2 hours for 34 hours at 2 sites on Boulder Creek (upstream and downstream of the city of Boulder). Samples for both studies were analyzed for major cations and anions, dissolved organic carbon, UV...
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There are over 10,000 hydrothermal features in Yellowstone National Park (YNP), where waters have pH values ranging from about 1 to 10 and surface temperatures up to 95 °C. Active geothermal areas in YNP provide insight into a variety of processes occurring at depth, such as water-rock and oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions, the formation of alteration minerals, and microbial (thermophile) metabolism in extreme environments. Investigations into the water chemistry of YNP hot springs, geysers, fumaroles, mud pots, streams, and rivers have been conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and other earth-science organizations and academic institutions since 1888 (Gooch and Whitfield, 1888). More recently, USGS...
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Yellowstone National Park (YNP; Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho, USA) contains more than 10,000 hydrothermal features, several lakes, and four major watersheds. For more than 140 years, researchers at the U.S. Geological Survey and other scientific institutions have investigated the chemical compositions of hot springs, geysers, fumaroles, mud pots, streams, rivers, and lakes in YNP and surrounding areas. Water chemistry studies have revealed a range of compositions including waters with pH values ranging from about 1 to 10, surface temperatures from ambient to superheated values of 95°C, and elevated concentrations of silica, lithium, boron, fluoride, mercury, and arsenic. Hydrogeochemical data from YNP research have...
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The USGS National Field Manual (NFM) states “A representative sample is one that typifies in time and space that part of the aqueous system to be studied” and “obtaining representative samples is of primary importance for a relevant description of the environment.” The NFM contains detailed chapters on the best practices for representative and contamination free sampling of major and trace metals (U.S. Geological Survey 2006). However, as analytical capabilities have advanced and new preservation methods developed, there is a need to study the effectiveness of various amounts of nitric acid preservation for trace metals and major cations in surface water and groundwater. The amount of nitric acid prescribed by...
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This data release includes sampling location data, laboratory processed surface water chemistry data (anions, cations, total nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon, deuterium, trace metals), laboratory processed pore water chemistry data (anions, cations, total nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon, trace metals), laboratory process sediment data (trace metals), and whole-body trace metal concentrations plus stable isotope values (carbon, nitrogen, deuterium) for larval aquatic insects, emergent adult insects, and two riparian spider families from Torch Lake and Gratiot Lake (N=3 sites at each lake). Torch Lake (Houghton County, Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan, USA) is a Great Lakes Area of Concern (AOC) owing to a high concentration...
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Salinity levels in streams and tributaries of the Colorado River Basin have been a major concern for years. Recently, the United States Geological Survey’s (USGS) Next Generation Water Observing System (NGWOS) program expanded stream monitoring networks including the number of sites where continuous (15-minute) specific conductance is measured in the Colorado River Headwaters and Gunnison River subbasins located east of the Colorado-Utah state line (hereafter, UCOL). Salinity and total dissolved solids (TDS) can be estimated using specific conductance and water type as a proxy (McCleskey et al., 2023); thus, the UCOL is an ideal basin to apply the proxy. The data presented in this data release, including monitoring...
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This U.S. Geological Survey data release contains chemical, isotopic, and physical data from wetland pond water samples collected at the Cottonwood Lake Study Area, Stutsman County, North Dakota, USA. Samples were collected monthly during the growing season (April or May through September) in 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2019 and in August 2018. Temperature, specific conductance, and pH were measured in situ. Major cations, select trace cations, chloride, fluoride, sulfate, and nitrate were determined for all samples. Stable oxygen and hydrogen isotope ratios of water were determined for samples collected from 2015 to 2017. Total dissolved nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon, absorbance at 254 nm, and stable carbon isotope...
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In the United States and globally, the lack of data on contaminant exposure from unregulated private-well point-of-use (POU) tapwater (TW) is a recognized public health data gap and an obstacle to risk management and homeowner decision making. Mead, Nebraska, is an agricultural community about 30 miles west of Omaha. To help address the lack of data on broad contaminant exposures in TW sourced from private water wells, a total of 22 samples were collected from 18 private wells during June 2022 and January 2023 and analyzed for 495 organic compounds, 34 inorganic constituents, and 11 microbial groups. The organic compounds included pesticides, pharmaceuticals, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), disinfection byproducts...
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The Tenaya Lake Water Budget Study seeks to quantify and understand the water balance within the principal snow accumulation and runoff yielding zone in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. The Study operates stage sensors and data loggers to record Tenaya Lake inflows, water surface elevation, and outflow, with continuous annual data collection for the 21 square-kilometer watershed located in the alpine zone of Yosemite National Park. The Study began in September 2005 and includes discharge and water quality measurements. Water samples have been collected at several gage locations and analyzed for an extensive panel of dissolved constituents. Tenaya Lake lies in a glacially-scoured granitic basin. Murphy Creek, Tenaya...
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This data set reports results for inorganic constituents analyzed at the Redox Chemistry Laboratory in Boulder, Colorado, for the 2019 tapwater study conducted in North Dakota and South Dakota, USA. This project is part of the U.S. Geological Survey, Ecosystems Mission Area, Environmental Health Water and Wastewater Infrastructure Program.
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This dataset contains the concentration and quality assurance results for inorganic and organic analytes collected for the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Ecosystems Mission Area, Environmental Health Infrastructure Program, Tapwater Exposure Project conducted in Minnesota, in August of 2019. Samples were obtained from multiple publicly distributed water sources in Minnesota in 2019. Due to privacy concerns, the exact location where samples were collected are not reported and station identification numbers have been anonymized. Water-quality samples were analyzed for pesticides, pharmaceuticals, volatile organic compounds and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances at the USGS National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL),...
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The total concentration of dissolved constituents in water is routinely quantified by measurements of salinity or total dissolved solids (TDS). However, salinity and TDS are operationally defined by their analytical methods and are not equivalent for most waters. Furthermore, multiple methods are available to determine salinity and TDS, and these methods have inherent differences. TDS is defined as the mass of anhydrous residue remaining in a sample vessel after evaporation and subsequent oven drying at a defined temperature. Salinity is a measure of the mass of dissolved salts in a given mass of solution. In addition, there are approaches that quantify the total solute (TS) concentration, including gases. PHREECI...
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Oklahoma State University South-Central Research Station (SCRS) was used to conduct research to understand the chemical composition of various water types and their potential environmental and human health effects. The study area provided the opportunity to study five water types: (1) receiving surface water (Washita River), (2) urban stormwater, (3) wastewater treatment plant effluent used for irrigation, (4) rain-induced runoff from an effluent-irrigated cornfield, and (5) rain-induced runoff from a dryland cornfield. Fifteen water samples were collected from August 2018 to October 2019. In addition, two composite above ground whole-corn plant samples (i.e., stem, leaves, grain) were collected from the effluent...
Chemical and isotopic analyses are reported for water samples collected from water supply wells, a geothermal well in the Puna Geothermal Venture (PGV) power plant, a hot spring in the Puna District, a research well on the summit of Kīlauea Volcano (informally called “NSF Well”, or “Keller Well ”), and a water catchment in the headquarters area of Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park, Hawai'i. These water samples were collected and analyzed as part of research investigations on the potential impact of the 2018 Kilauea lower East Rift Zone and summit eruption on water supplies. The presented data allow for a comparison with data from an investigation carried out prior to the 2018 eruption (Evans and others, 2015 ). Water...
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Data in this data release were obtained from water samples collected under Yellowstone National Park (YNP) Research Permit YELL-05194 in 2017, 2019, and 2020 through the Integrated Yellowstone Studies Project funded by the Mineral Resources Program. These samples were used to assess mercury cycling within YNP. Water samples were analyzed for total mercury and methylmercury, the bioaccumulated form in food webs. This data informs the biogeochemical processes controlling the broad range of mercury and methylmercury concentrations observed in the park. Natural abundance mercury stable isotopes were also collected to determine if mercury sources or cycling processes varied between different hydrothermal sources. Data...
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Note: this data release is currently being revised and is temporarily unavailable. The Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic field consists of lavas from the last two million years. The most recent volcanic units are the Central Plateau Member and the older Upper Basin Member rhyolites (Christiansen, 2001). Investigations into the elemental and isotopic composition of these lavas can provide insight into the recent volcanic history of the different eruptive episodes and provide constraints on the hydrothermal fluid compositions that result from water-rock interactions occurring at depth within the hydrothermal system. In this Data Release, twenty-one samples of Yellowstone rhyolite samples from Upper Basin and Central Plateau...
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This dataset contains the trace elements, cations, anions, disinfection by-products, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), pharmaceutical and pesticide concentration results for the tapwater study conducted in California, November, 2020 through May, 2021. Trace elements, cations and anions were analyzed at the U.S. Geological Survey Redox Chemistry Laboratory in Boulder, Colorado. The disinfection by-product compounds were analyzed at the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory in Sacramento, California. Concentration results for PFAS, as well as surrogate percent recovery information, were analyzed at the National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL) in Denver, Colorado, and were added in...
map background search result map search result map Inorganic Concentration Results for Assessment of Mixed Organic/Inorganic Chemical and Biological Exposures in North Dakota and South Dakota Tapwater, 2019 Groundwater chemistry in the Lower East Rift Zone and summit of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i Streamflow and water chemistry in the Tenaya Lake Basin, Yosemite National Park, California Concentrations of organic and inorganic constituents in tapwater samples from California in 2020-21 (ver. 3.1, March 2024) Water-quality results from a wastewater reuse study: Inorganic and organic compositions of wastewater effluent and select urban and agricultural water types during rain-induced runoff, Chickasha, Oklahoma, 2018-2019 Water-Chemistry and Isotope Data for Selected Springs, Geysers, Streams, and Rivers in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming Yellowstone Thermal Feature Mercury and Methylmercury Characterization Isotopic Examination of Mercury Methylation and Demethylation Rates in Yellowstone National Park Thermal Features Target-chemical concentrations and bioassay results for assessment of mixed-organic/inorganic chemical and biological exposures in Minneapolis/St Paul, Minnesota tapwater, August 2019 Evaluation of preservation techniques for trace metals and major cations for surface waters collected from the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Quality Network Sites Salinity and total dissolved solid determinations using PHREEQCI Chemical Concentrations and Microbiological Results for Assessment of Mixed-Organic/Inorganic Chemical Exposures in Tapwater in Mead, Nebraska, June 2022 and January 2023 Target-chemical concentrations and microbiological results in surface water and tapwater, Montana, 2022 Biogeochemical Data from Field Samples and Laboratory Experiments, Boulder Creek Watershed, Colorado (2019-2023) Historic Water Chemistry Data for Thermal Features, Streams, and Rivers in the Yellowstone National Park Area, 1883-2021 Specific conductance data collected during slug additions Upper Colorado River Basin: Monitoring sites and water chemistry data used to develop a specific conductance - salinity proxy model Chemical and isotopic data from wetland pond water samples collected in the Cottonwood Lake Study Area, Stutsman County, North Dakota, USA, 2015–2019 Water chemistry, stable isotopes, and trace metals in sediment, water and biota in Torch Lake and Gratiot Lake, Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan, USA, July and October 2021 Elemental and Strontium Isotopic Composition of Select Central Plateau and Upper Basin Member Rhyolites, Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field (Under Revision) Chemical and isotopic data from wetland pond water samples collected in the Cottonwood Lake Study Area, Stutsman County, North Dakota, USA, 2015–2019 Streamflow and water chemistry in the Tenaya Lake Basin, Yosemite National Park, California Water chemistry, stable isotopes, and trace metals in sediment, water and biota in Torch Lake and Gratiot Lake, Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan, USA, July and October 2021 Biogeochemical Data from Field Samples and Laboratory Experiments, Boulder Creek Watershed, Colorado (2019-2023) Chemical Concentrations and Microbiological Results for Assessment of Mixed-Organic/Inorganic Chemical Exposures in Tapwater in Mead, Nebraska, June 2022 and January 2023 Elemental and Strontium Isotopic Composition of Select Central Plateau and Upper Basin Member Rhyolites, Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field (Under Revision) Yellowstone Thermal Feature Mercury and Methylmercury Characterization Isotopic Examination of Mercury Methylation and Demethylation Rates in Yellowstone National Park Thermal Features Water-Chemistry and Isotope Data for Selected Springs, Geysers, Streams, and Rivers in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming Historic Water Chemistry Data for Thermal Features, Streams, and Rivers in the Yellowstone National Park Area, 1883-2021 Upper Colorado River Basin: Monitoring sites and water chemistry data used to develop a specific conductance - salinity proxy model Groundwater chemistry in the Lower East Rift Zone and summit of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i Water-quality results from a wastewater reuse study: Inorganic and organic compositions of wastewater effluent and select urban and agricultural water types during rain-induced runoff, Chickasha, Oklahoma, 2018-2019 Inorganic Concentration Results for Assessment of Mixed Organic/Inorganic Chemical and Biological Exposures in North Dakota and South Dakota Tapwater, 2019 Target-chemical concentrations and bioassay results for assessment of mixed-organic/inorganic chemical and biological exposures in Minneapolis/St Paul, Minnesota tapwater, August 2019 Specific conductance data collected during slug additions Target-chemical concentrations and microbiological results in surface water and tapwater, Montana, 2022 Concentrations of organic and inorganic constituents in tapwater samples from California in 2020-21 (ver. 3.1, March 2024) Evaluation of preservation techniques for trace metals and major cations for surface waters collected from the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Quality Network Sites Salinity and total dissolved solid determinations using PHREEQCI