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Mule deer in the Izzenhood herd are part of a larger population known in Nevada as the “Area 6” mule deer population. They primarily reside on winter ranges in the Izzenhood Basin and upper Rock Creek drainages in western Elko County and northern Lander County. From their winter range, mule deer in this sub population migrate approximately 70 miles to summer ranges in the northern Independence Mountains and Bull Run Basin area. Some of the most important stopover areas are located near upper Rock Creek, Toe Jam Mountain, and Chicken Creek Summit. Challenges to this deer herd include past wildfires on winter range, conversion of native shrub habitats to exotic annual grasses, and lower primary production in some...
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Mule deer in the South Tuscarora herd are part of the larger “Area 6” deer population that reside in the southern and eastern portion of this big game Management Area (MA 6). The winter range for this sub population is located along the western slopes of the Tuscarora Mountains and the Dunphy Hills. The spring migration route for this deer herd traverses north along the toe slopes of the Tuscarora Mountains on the east side and narrows to approximately 600 meters at one pinch point near the Carlin -Pete Mine area. The migration route generally spans about 30 miles to the northeast to higher elevations in the northern Tuscarora Mountains. Important stopover areas include Richmond Mountain, Jack and Little Jack Creeks,...
Mule deer within the Dubois herd make several long-distance migrations into the heart of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (fig. 26). These migrations originate from winter range in the warm, protected sagebrush valley surrounding Dubois, Wyoming, and extend to the southeast on the Wind River Reservation. Each spring, an estimated 6,000–7,000 deer leave this valley and the Reservation and migrate northwest. These journeys, averaging 44 mi one way, begin as deer ascend Togwotee Pass (9,658 ft [m 2,944] in elevation). From there, they cross challenging natural terrain with high mountain passes and disperse into the north Wind River Range, Gros Ventre Range, Absaroka Range, Grand Teton National Park, and deep into...
Elk (Cervus elpahus canadensis) within the southern section of the Bighorn Mountains display altitudinal migration. In the spring, most individuals migrate from the western foothills up into the mountains, and in the fall, they head back down to lower elevations (fig. 68). In the southern section where the range curves west, the herd migrates up the northern foothills in the spring and back down in the fall. Additionally, a few individuals will summer on the eastern foothills along the Crazy Woman drainage. These individuals migrate west up the slopes in the spring and back down in the fall. The herd, which numbers around 4,000, primarily winters along the western foothills of the southern Bighorn Mountains just...
The Methow mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) sub-herd is part of the larger West Okanogan herd, the largest migratory mule deer herd in Washington State. Individuals travel as far as 65 miles twice annually between lowland winter range and higher elevation summer range (fig. 27). Mule deer wintering on the shrubsteppe dominated foothills in the lower half of the Methow valley undertake a roughly 3-week trek in mid-spring to the productive subalpine and alpine meadows of the Pasayten and Chelan Sawtooth Wilderness, and surrounding high country, with some animals traveling north into British Columbia. On summer range they mingle with deer moving up from the west side of the Okanogan valley forming an estimated summering...
The Methow mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) sub-herd is part of the larger West Okanogan herd, the largest migratory mule deer herd in Washington State. Individuals travel as far as 65 miles twice annually between lowland winter range and higher elevation summer range (fig. 27). Mule deer wintering on the shrubsteppe dominated foothills in the lower half of the Methow valley undertake a roughly 3-week trek in mid-spring to the productive subalpine and alpine meadows of the Pasayten and Chelan Sawtooth Wilderness, and surrounding high country, with some animals traveling north into British Columbia. On summer range they mingle with deer moving up from the west side of the Okanogan valley forming an estimated summering...
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The Medicine Bow pronghorn population is one of the largest herds in the United States with an estimated population of 38,400 animals. The herd summers in the sagebrush steppe and grasslands of Shirley Basin, north of Medicine Bow, Wyoming. Most pronghorn migrate either west to the southern edge of the Seminoe Reservoir or north to Bates Hole, an area south of Casper, Wyoming. During harsh winters, some pronghorn migrate 65–75 miles (105–121 km) as far west as Rawlins, Wyoming. The Shirley Basin is a mostly intact landscape that is dominated by private lands, with only limited public lands along some foothill habitats. During the early 2000s, several large wind energy facilities were developed; some are in high-use...
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The Area 10 mule deer population is one of the largest deer herds in the state, accounting for roughly 20 percent of the statewide mule deer population. The Area 10 herd is comprised of several sub populations that occupy the majority of the Ruby Mountains, are highly migratory,and exhibit long distance migrations from summer to winter ranges. Several key stopovers occur within the migration corridor for the Area 10 deer migration. The largest stopovers are located along the Harrison Pass Road on both sides of Toyn Creek,the west side of Pearl Peak and Sherman Mountain, Little and Big Bald Mountains near the Bald Mountain Mine complex, and Bourne to Orchard Canyons west of Warm Spring Ranch. The winter range encompasses...
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The Area 10 mule deer population is one of the largest deer herds in the state, accounting for roughly 20 percent of the statewide mule deer population. The Area 10 herd is comprised of several sub populations that occupy the majority of the Ruby Mountains, are highly migratory,and exhibit long distance migrations from summer to winter ranges. Several key stopovers occur within the migration corridor for the Area 10 deer migration. The largest stopovers are located along the Harrison Pass Road on both sides of Toyn Creek,the west side of Pearl Peak and Sherman Mountain, Little and Big Bald Mountains near the Bald Mountain Mine complex, and Bourne to Orchard Canyons west of Warm Spring Ranch. The winter range encompasses...
Moose in the Jackson herd make an elevational migration in the southern portion of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. This small herd of approximately 500 animals winters primarily in the Buffalo Valley just east of Jackson Lake. During migration, animals travel an average one-way distance of 33 miles, with some animals migrating as far as 67 miles. In the spring, most moose migrate north into the Teton Wilderness or the southern extent of Yellowstone National Park. Summer ranges consist of a mix of conifers and riparian habitats along the upper watersheds that flow into the Snake River. Nearly all moose in this herd are migratory, with the herd sharing a common winter range then branching out in the spring to summer...
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Mule deer in the Sheep Creek sub herd are part of the larger Area 6 herd that occupies portions of Elko, Lander, and Eureka counties. The primary winter range of this population is located along the eastern flank of the Sheep Creek Range and the west side of Boulder Valley. Most deer migrate approximately 30 miles from winter ranges in upper Boulder Creek and Antelope Creek drainages to summer ranges on the west side of the Tuscarora Mountains. However, some deer in this population migrate much farther – approximately 80 miles – and connect with mule deer that summer east of the Humboldt River. This deer herd faces several challenges, including migration routes that pass through increased mineral extraction activities...
This study was tailored toward the Wyoming section of Interstate 80 (I-80), and so migrations and habitat use are more representative of pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) along I-80 rather than the entire populations. The Uinta-Cedar populations had the highest prevalence of seasonal migrations. This area primarily occupies checkerboard ownership between Bureau of Land Management and private ownership. Oil and gas drilling as well as sheep ranching are relatively common. Seasonal ranges are characterized by arid to semiarid habitats with sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) as the predominant vegetation type. Seasonal ranges can also include interspersed grasslands, and low-lying areas can also include black greasewood (Sarcobatus...
Elk (Cervus elpahus canadensis) within the southernmost section of the Absaroka Range, just north of the Wind River Range, display altitudinal migration (fig. 71). In the spring, they migrate from the southern foothills near Dubois up into the mountains, and in the fall, they head back down to lower elevations. The herd, which numbers around 6,000, primarily winters between the Absaroka Range to the north and the Wind River Range to the south. Winter ranges consist mostly of shrubs, largely supported by private land with smaller areas of BLM and Wyoming Game and Fish land. During migration animals travel an average one way distance of 32 mi (51 km) ranging from as little as 8 mi (13 km) to as far as 69 mi (111 km)....
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Mule deer in the Sheep Creek sub herd are part of the larger Area 6 herd that occupies portions of Elko, Lander, and Eureka counties. The primary winter range of this population is located along the eastern flank of the Sheep Creek Range and the west side of Boulder Valley. Most deer migrate approximately 30 miles from winter ranges in upper Boulder Creek and Antelope Creek drainages to summer ranges on the west side of the Tuscarora Mountains. However, some deer in this population migrate much farther – approximately 80 miles – and connect with mule deer that summer east of the Humboldt River. This deer herd faces several challenges, including migration routes that pass through increased mineral extraction activities...
Mule deer within the Upper Shoshone herd make a number of significant, long-distance migrations west into the core of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. The longest is a 133-mile (214-km) migration that originates at the mouth of the South Fork of the Shoshone River near Buffalo Bill Reservoir and ends at Jenny Lake in Grand Teton National Park. Deer in the Upper Shoshone herd winter in the lower-elevation sagebrush valleys of the South Fork Shoshone River and North Fork of the Shoshone River. Each spring, an estimated 6,700 deer head west into the high-elevation, mountainous country of the Absaroka Range and then into Yellowstone National Park or Grand Teton National Park. These challenging journeys, an average...
Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) within the Sweetwater herd display mostly a latitudinal migration though the seasonal direction varies among individuals in the population. The migration route lays between Long Creek Mountain and Granite Mountain in the north and the Green Mountains in the south. In the spring, the majority of the population will descend from the southern foothills of Granite Mountains and head south to the Green Mountains. Some individuals, however, will move the opposite direction and migrate from south to north. Additionally, movement between the two areas can also occur outside of the typical spring or fall migration. The herd, which numbers around 3,700, primarily winters along the northern...
Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) within the Sublette herd comprise one of the largest pronghorn populations in North America. Sublette pronghorn winter in the more southern areas of the upper Green River Basin. Depending upon winter severity, individual pronghorn winter between Pinedale in the north to Rock Springs in the south, and in the western portions of the Red Desert. Winter ranges include a mix of grassland and sagebrush dominated mesas and rolling hills. During migration, animals that have been tracked with GPS collars (n = 362 females) travel an average one-way distance of nearly 60 miles (96 km), with some animals migrating over 200 miles (320 km). This herd is home to the longest distance migrating...
Mule deer within the Clarks Fork herd make a number of significant westward long-distance migrations. These migrations originate north of Cody, near Heart Mountain and along the foothills of Absaroka Front. There, deer winter in the lower elevation sagebrush valleys, and in spring an estimated 2,700 deer head west into the high elevation mountain valleys of the Absaroka Range and Yellowstone National Park. This herd summers along the Lamar River, Cache Creek, and the Clarks Fork of the Yellowstone. The longest migration is 68 miles and ends just north of Yellowstone Lake along the Yellowstone River in the Hayden Valley. These challenging journeys, an average of 38 miles long, cross rugged terrain and steep mountain...
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The Green Wave Hypothesis posits that herbivore migration manifests in response to waves of spring green-up (i.e., green-wave surfing). Nonetheless, empirical support for the Green Wave Hypothesis is mixed, and a framework for understanding variation in surfing is lacking. In a population of migratory mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), 31% surfed plant phenology in spring as well as a theoretically perfect surfer, and 98% surfed better than random. Green-wave surfing varied among individuals, and was unrelated to age or energetic state. Instead, the greenscape, which we define as the order, rate, and duration of green-up along migratory routes, was the primary factor influencing surfing. Our results indicate that...
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Mule deer in the Sheep Creek sub herd are part of the larger Area 6 herd that occupies portions of Elko, Lander, and Eureka counties. The primary winter range of this population is located along the eastern flank of the Sheep Creek Range and the west side of Boulder Valley. Most deer migrate approximately 30 miles from winter ranges in upper Boulder Creek and Antelope Creek drainages to summer ranges on the west side of the Tuscarora Mountains. However, some deer in this population migrate much farther – approximately 80 miles – and connect with mule deer that summer east of the Humboldt River. This deer herd faces several challenges, including migration routes that pass through increased mineral extraction activities...
map background search result map search result map Daily Surfing Migration Stopovers of Mule Deer in the Ruby Mountains in Nevada Winter Ranges of Mule Deer in the Ruby Mountains in Nevada Migration Routes of Mule Deer in the Izzenhood Herd in Nevada Migration Routes of Mule Deer in the Sheep Creek Range in Nevada Migration Stopovers of Mule Deer in the Sheep Creek Range in Nevada Winter Ranges of Mule Deer in the Sheep Creek Range in Nevada Migration Routes of Mule Deer in the South Tuscarora Mountains in Nevada Migration Routes of Moose in the Jackson Herd in Wyoming Migration Routes of Mule Deer in Clarks Fork Herd in Wyoming Migration Routes of Mule Deer in the Dubois Herd in Wyoming Migration Routes of Mule Deer in the Upper Shoshone Herd in Wyoming Migration Routes of Elk in South Bighorn Herd in Wyoming Migration Routes of Elk in Wiggins Fork Herd in Wyoming Migration Corridors of Mule Deer in Methow Herd in Washington Migration Routes of Mule Deer in Methow Herd in Washington Migration Routes of Mule Deer in Sweetwater Herd in Wyoming Migration Routes of Pronghorn in Uinta-Cedar Herd in Wyoming Migration Routes of Pronghorn in Sublette Herd in Wyoming Wyoming Pronghorn Shirley Basin Routes Migration Routes of Mule Deer in Sweetwater Herd in Wyoming Winter Ranges of Mule Deer in the Sheep Creek Range in Nevada Migration Routes of Elk in Wiggins Fork Herd in Wyoming Migration Routes of Moose in the Jackson Herd in Wyoming Migration Routes of Mule Deer in Clarks Fork Herd in Wyoming Migration Routes of Elk in South Bighorn Herd in Wyoming Migration Routes of Mule Deer in the Upper Shoshone Herd in Wyoming Migration Routes of Mule Deer in the South Tuscarora Mountains in Nevada Migration Routes of Mule Deer in the Izzenhood Herd in Nevada Migration Stopovers of Mule Deer in the Sheep Creek Range in Nevada Migration Routes of Mule Deer in the Sheep Creek Range in Nevada Migration Routes of Mule Deer in Methow Herd in Washington Migration Corridors of Mule Deer in Methow Herd in Washington Wyoming Pronghorn Shirley Basin Routes Migration Routes of Mule Deer in the Dubois Herd in Wyoming Daily Surfing Migration Stopovers of Mule Deer in the Ruby Mountains in Nevada Winter Ranges of Mule Deer in the Ruby Mountains in Nevada Migration Routes of Pronghorn in Uinta-Cedar Herd in Wyoming Migration Routes of Pronghorn in Sublette Herd in Wyoming