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Some areas of the U.S. Affiliated Pacific Islands (USAPI) are experiencing a decline in precipitation and streamflow and an increase in the number of severe droughts. These changes can have wide-reaching implications, affecting the water supply, native vegetation and wildlife, wildfire patterns, and the spread of invasive species. As ecosystems become altered by invasive species and as particularly hotter, more variable climates emerge, it is critical that scientists produce locally relevant, timely, and actionable science products for managers to prepare for and cope with the impacts of drought. Simultaneously, it is important that managers are able to both access this information and shape the types of data products...
The information within this report is a culmination of Hawaiian moʻolelo that were suspected to contain information regarding wā wī, famine or drought. These were moʻolelo suggested in the previous report named, Descriptions of Environmental Mauliola, based on sections or themes within the stories that mentioned dry, arid, or desolate conditions as a result of human influences and decisions.
Categories: Data
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The climate in Hawai‘i is changing, and alterations in rainfall amount and distribution have implications for future vegetation cover, non-native species invasions, watershed function, and fire behavior. As novel ecosystems and climates emerge in Hawai‘i, particularly hotter and drier climates, it is critical that scientists produce locally relevant, timely and actionable science products and that managers are able to access the best-available science. Managers and researchers have identified that a knowledge exchange process is needed for drought in Hawai‘i to allow for formal collaboration between the two groups to co-produce drought data and products. To address this need, this project will pilot a focused...
Mid- and end-of-century climate projections for the Hawaiian Islands indicate that rainfall is projected to decrease across large areas. In areas affected by drought or where the future climate becomes drier, reduced groundwater recharge can affect freshwater availability. Reduced rainfall can also reduce soil moisture, which can increase the risk of wildfire. Cloud-water interception, or fog drip, is the process by which cloud-water droplets are captured on the leaves and branches of plants with some of the captured cloud water subsequently dripping to the ground. Studies in Hawaiʻi indicate that fog drip can contribute substantially to total precipitation and may have the potential to lessen the negative effects...
Categories: Publication; Types: Citation
Drought is a signifcant climate feature in Hawai‘i and the U.S.-Affliated Pacifc Islands (USAPI), at times causing severe impacts across multiple sectors. Below-average precipitation anomalies are often accompanied by higher-than-average temperatures and reduced cloud cover. The resulting higher insolation and evapotranspiration can exacerbate the effects of reduced rainfall. These altered meteorological conditions lead to less soil moisture. Depending on the persistence and severity of the conditions, drier soil can cause plant stress, affecting both agricultural and natural systems. Hydrological effects of drought include reductions in streamfow, groundwater recharge, and groundwater discharge to springs, streams,...
Drought on our landscapes can influence future vegetation cover, non-native species invasions, watershed function, and fire behavior. Therefore, the PDKE project seeks to address the critical need for scientists to produce locally relevant, timely, accessible, and actionable science products that managers can use to adapt to potentially drier and hotter climates. So, the PDKE was formed with PI-CASC funding to co-produce drought data and products with project partners, like the Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park (HAVO). These factsheets were produced specifically for HAVO.
Drought on our landscapes can influence future vegetation cover, non-native species invasions, watershed function, and fire behavior. Therefore, the PDKE project seeks to address the critical need for scientists to produce locally relevant, timely, accessible, and actionable science products that managers can use to adapt to potentially drier and hotter climates. So, the PDKE was formed with PI-CASC funding to co-produce drought data and products with project partners, like the State of Hawaiʻi Division of Forestry and Wildlife and the Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit. These factsheets were produced specifically for Puʻu Waʻawaʻa.
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Drought events have cost the U.S. nearly $245 billion since 1980, with costs ranging from $2 to $44 billion in any given year. However, these socio-economic losses are not the only impacts of drought. Ecosystems, fish, wildlife, and plants also suffer, and these types of drought impacts are becoming more commonplace. Further, ecosystems that recover from drought are now doing so under different climate conditions than they have experienced in the past few centuries. As temperature and precipitation patterns change, “transformational drought”, or drought events that can permanently and irreversibly alter ecosystems – such as forests converting to grasslands – are a growing threat. This type of drought has cascading...
Drought is a prominent feature of Hawaiʻi’s climate. However, it has been over 30 years since the last comprehensive meteorological drought analysis, and recent drying trends have emphasized the need to better understand drought dynamics and multi-sector effects in Hawaiʻi. Here, we provide a comprehensive synthesis of past drought effects in Hawaiʻi that we integrate with geospatial analysis of drought characteristics using a newly developed 100-year (1920–2019) gridded Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) dataset. The synthesis examines past droughts classified into five categories: Meteorological, agricultural, hydrological, ecological, and socioeconomic drought. Results show that drought duration and magnitude...
Categories: Publication; Types: Citation
A team comprised of scientists from the East-West Center (Honolulu, Hawai‘i) and from the USDA Forest Service (Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, Hilo, Hawai‘i) piloted a project called the Pacific Drought Knowledge Exchange (PDKE). The primary objective of the PDKE pilot was to explore knowledge co-production with stakeholders in Hawai‘i, by providing them with: 1) easier access to drought and climate information and data sources; 2) better and more comprehensive information; 3) improved technical assistance; and 4) a more collaborative information transfer environment. Three stakeholders were approached and agreed to be involved in the pilot: Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park (HAVO), Puʻu Waʻa waʻa Forest Reserve...
Categories: Publication; Types: Citation
Drought is a growing threat to hydrological, ecological, agricultural, and socio-cultural systems of the tropics, especially tropical islands of the Pacific where severe droughts can compromise food and water security. Overcoming barriers to knowledge sharing between land managers and researchers is a critical cross-sector strategy for engaging and mitigating or adapting to drought. Here we describe the establishment and functioning of the Pacific Drought Knowledge Exchange (PDKE), which provides users with easier access to: (1) sector- and geography-specific climate information; (2) better and more comprehensive information; (3) improved technical assistance; and (4) a more collaborative information-transfer environment...
Categories: Publication; Types: Citation
Abstract (from Ecological Society of America): Predicting vegetation responses to increased future drought is challenging, owing to the complex interaction of multiple factors influencing both plant drought resistance and local climatic conditions, each of which may be subject to spatial and temporal heterogeneity. We conducted a detailed study of potential mechanisms underlying an elevational gradient in mortality that has characterized recent population declines of a threatened alpine plant, the Haleakalā silversword (Argyroxiphium sandwicense subsp. macrocephalum). We used a pair of greenhouse experiments staged at high and low elevations to test the influences of plasticity (to contrasting soil water availability...
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This research provides insight on Native Hawaiian relationships to drought historically as well as current practices within community-based management. Of importance are historical records of drought spanning short term in one section of an island to three generations across multiple islands. This dataset represents a survey of the Ulukau, Papakilo Database, and Kuluwaimaka Collection from the Bishop Museum for drought related environmental changes and natural climate indicators, traditional responses to related disasters. First, a review of Hawaiian proverbs (‘ōlelo no‘eau) related to drought and elements impacted by drought (e.g., plants, food resource, death, famine) identify perspectives that reflect household...
The Water-budget Accounting for Tropical Regions Model (WATRMod) code was used for Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, Maui, and the Island of Hawaiʻi to estimate the spatial distribution of groundwater recharge, soil moisture, evapotranspiration, and climatic water deficit for a set of water-budget scenarios. The scenarios included historical and future drought conditions, and a land-cover condition where shrubland and forest within the cloud zone were converted to grassland. For the historical drought condition, island-wide mean annual recharge estimates range from a decrease of 30 percent (239 million gallons per day [Mgal/d]) for Kauaʻi to a decrease of 39 percent (2,706 Mgal/d) for the Island of Hawaiʻi, relative to the...
Categories: Publication; Types: Citation
Indigenous communities make up less than 5% of the world’s population while stewarding 85% of biodiversity on the planet. In Hawaii, Native Hawaiian language resources, including proverbs, stories, and chants, provide glimpses to how people adapted with environmental rhythms, seasons, and offerings. Drought, the absence of water for agricultural, economic, and social use for a period, is important as a main water resource in Hawai‘i are clouds captured and purified by high island mountains in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. This research provides insight on Native Hawaiian relationships to drought historically as well as current practices within community-based management. Of importance are historical records of...
Categories: Publication; Types: Citation
This exerpt comes from a Bishop Museum collection called, “The Chants of James Palea Kapihenui Kuluwaimaka.” The explanation about words found in traditional and modern pule and mele is an example of the rich environmental information that continues to be found in Hawaiian resources that are often overlooked or not considered valuable. James Palea Kapihenui Kuluwaimaka (Kuluwaimaka) was born in Naʻalehu, Kaʻū, in 1845. He had an incredible memory and could recant 1,500-1,700 lines within an ancient chant effortlessly (Honolulu Advertiser, 1937). He was the court chanter for King David Kalākaua and Queen Liliʻuokalani. Kuluwaimaka continued to serve the queen even after deposed whenever she made appearances publically...
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In Hawaiʻi, a large percentage of historically forested areas have been lost, driven in part by changes in land use, such as the conversion of forests into pastures for livestock. This transformation has not only resulted in widespread loss of native biodiversity and important ecosystem functions but has also increased the risk of fire on the landscape. Though targeted restoration efforts have the potential to increase the abundance of native forests and to return important functions, a few key obstacles remain. First, existing restoration knowledge is often experiential and thus inaccessible. Second, restoration efforts face the challenges of a changing climate that is increasing temperatures and the occurrence...
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2018 was a record-breaking year for wildfires in Hawai‘i with over 30,000 acres burned statewide, including the habitat of the Oʻahu chewstick, a critically endangered flowering plant with less than 50 individuals remaining. The frequency and severity of wildfire in Hawai‘i has been increasing, and this trend is predicted to worsen with climate change. Wildfires are promoted by highly flammable invasive plants, which can spread across the landscape, providing a widespread fuel source to feed large fires that are hard to control. However, different plant species vary in their flammability, so wildfire risk depends not only on climate, but also on which plants are present. A major concern is that new non-native plants...
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Wildfire is a significant yet underappreciated issue on Pacific Islands that threatens ecosystems from ridge-tops to reefs, including native species, waters, human communities, and natural and cultural resources. In the Hawaiian archipelago, the percentage of land burned annually is equal or greater than that burned across the western United States, with most fires occurring in drier nonnative grasslands and shrublands, which make up 25% of Hawaiʻi’s total land area. As island communities face increased wildfire risk due to climate change and other factors, such as continued plant invasions, collaborative bio-cultural stewardship approaches to adaptation will be critical to wildfire management. Fire causes and effects...
Demand for freshwater in the State of Hawaiʻi is expected to increase by roughly 13 percent from 2020 to 2035. Groundwater availability in Hawaiʻi is affected by a number of factors, including land cover, rainfall, runoff, evapotranspiration, and climate change. To evaluate the availability of fresh groundwater under projected future-climate conditions, estimates of groundwater recharge are needed. A water-budget model with a daily computation interval was used to estimate the spatial distribution of groundwater recharge for Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi, Maui, and the Island of Hawaiʻi for recent climate conditions and three future-climate scenarios. Climate conditions from 1978 to 2007 were used as the reference...
Categories: Publication; Types: Citation


map background search result map search result map Working with Natural Resource Managers to Co-Produce Drought Analyses in Hawai‘i State of the Science Synthesis on Transformational Drought: Understanding Drought’s Potential to Transform Ecosystems Across the Country Predicting the Effects of Climate Change on the Spread of Fire-Promoting Plants in Hawai‘i: Assessing Emerging Threats to Rare Native Plants and Ecosystems Climate Change, Variability, and Drought in the U.S.-Affiliated Pacific Islands – Working with Managers to Mitigate the Impacts of Drought and Wildfire Future of Fire in the Pacific Islands: Towards a National Synthesis for Wildland Fire Under a Changing Climate Climate Smart Restoration: Establishing Baselines and Developing Adaptive Management Approaches Synthesis of Data Inputs from the Bishop Museum Collections on Drought Related Environmental Changes and Natural Climate Indicators from Traditional Responses Predicting the Effects of Climate Change on the Spread of Fire-Promoting Plants in Hawai‘i: Assessing Emerging Threats to Rare Native Plants and Ecosystems Climate Smart Restoration: Establishing Baselines and Developing Adaptive Management Approaches Synthesis of Data Inputs from the Bishop Museum Collections on Drought Related Environmental Changes and Natural Climate Indicators from Traditional Responses Working with Natural Resource Managers to Co-Produce Drought Analyses in Hawai‘i Climate Change, Variability, and Drought in the U.S.-Affiliated Pacific Islands – Working with Managers to Mitigate the Impacts of Drought and Wildfire Future of Fire in the Pacific Islands: Towards a National Synthesis for Wildland Fire Under a Changing Climate State of the Science Synthesis on Transformational Drought: Understanding Drought’s Potential to Transform Ecosystems Across the Country