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Background information. In the late 1800s through the early 1900s, nearly all of the area that is now the Crab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge (Crab Orchard NWR) was either logged for timber or cleared and converted to other uses, particularly agriculture. By the 1930s, soils in the area were depleted and severely eroded. Additional clearing and development ensued with the establishment of the Illinois Ordnance Plant during World War II. In 2014, as part of the effort to restore Crab Orchard NWR lands to benefit wildlife, the refuge undertook the Hampton native prairie restoration project to convert a 62-acre nonnative cool-season hay field into a native warm-season grassland. The primary benefit of this restoration...
Background information. Site 36, the wastewater treatment plant on the Crab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge (Crab Orchard NWR), is one of 21 sites on the refuge that have been remediated. The wastewater treatment plant, which was constructed as part of the Illinois Ordnance Plant in 1942, was used to treat wastewater from industrial tenants until the spring of 2005. Through a series of drainages, the outfall from the plant eventually discharged into Crab Orchard Lake. The wastewater treatment plant and surrounding area, which covers approximately 50 acres, became contaminated with hazardous substances, such as polychlorinated biphenyls, heavy metals, pesticides, and dioxins. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS),...
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