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In recent decades the encroachment of woody mangrove species into herbaceous marshes has been documented along the U.S. northern Gulf of Mexico coast. These species shifts have been attributed primarily to rising sea levels and warming winter temperatures, but the role of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and water availability may become more prominent drivers of species interactions under future climate conditions. In this greenhouse study we examined the effects of CO2 concentration (ambient, elevated) and water regime (drought, saturated, flooded) on early growth of the mangrove species Avicennia germinans and Spartina alterniflora, a herbaceous grass.
The Mississippi River Deltaic Plain has extensive marsh habitats (fresh, intermediate, brackish, and saline) where soil cores were collected to a depth of 100 cm at 24 sites to assess long-term carbon accumulation rates and coast-wide burial rates. Each core was sectioned into 2-cm depth intervals, and select intervals were analyzed for percent moisture, bulk density, total carbon, and radionuclide (137Cs and 210Pb).
Categories: Data;
Tags: Land Use Change,
Louisiana,
Organic Detritus,
Soil Sciences,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
This dataset provides information on plant sexual reproduction of a clonally-spreading perennial species, Spartina alterniflora. We investigated flowering phenology, potential seed and seedling production, and flower damage in reference and restored sites in southeastern Louisiana. Additional covariates of elevation and soil parameters were used to investigate underlying mechanisms of differences.
We characterized coastal wetland responses to flooding stress by measuring vegetation cover, wetland elevation and water elevation in healthy and degrading wetlands dominated by Spartina patens. Wetland elevation was measured using real-time kinematic survey methods. Vegetation cover was determined by visual estimation methods, and water elevation was measured using in situ continuous recorders. In addition to these local-scale responses, we also measured landscape-scale patterns of land and water aggregation or fragmentation using remotely sensed data (Jones et al., 2018). Associated products: Jones, W.R., Hartley, S.B., Stagg, C.L., and Osland, M.J. 2018. Land-water classification for selected sites in McFaddin...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Grand Chenier,
Land Use Change,
Texas,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
aggregation,
Above- and belowground production in coastal wetlands are important contributors to carbon accumulation and ecosystem sustainability. As sea level rises, we can expect shifts to more salt-tolerant communities, which may alter these ecosystem functions and services. Although the direct influence of salinity on species-level primary production has been documented, we lack an understanding of the landscape-level response of coastal wetlands to increasing salinity. What are the indirect effects of sea-level rise, i.e. how does primary production vary across a landscape gradient of increasing salinity that incorporates changes in wetland type? We measured above- and belowground production in four wetland types that span...
Categories: Data;
Types: Citation,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Barataria Basin,
Ecology,
Louisiana,
Terrebonne Basin,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
Model generated soil pore water salinity (psu) values under scenarios of drought and normal conditions at Tidal Freshwater Forested Wetlands (TFFW) sites along the Waccamaw River and Savannah River in the Southeastern United States.
Categories: Data;
Tags: Coastal environment,
Droughts,
Ecology,
Evapotranspiration,
Forested wetlands,
These datasets provide: 1) field-collected geotechnical data, and 2) Real-Time-Kinematic GPS elevation data for coastal salt marsh in the Port Sulphur area, Louisiana from 2019.
Product Description: This dataset provides maps of peak biomass carbon stock (C) in gC/m2 and net primary productivity (NPP) in gC/m2/yr of coastal herbaceous wetlands at a resolution of 30 m across the conterminous United States (CONUS) for 2015. Aboveground, belowground, and total peak biomass C and NPP are provided for tidal herbaceous wetlands. Data is presented for 1. all herbaceous/emergent marshes, 2. palustrine emergent marshes and 3. estuarine emergent marshes. Background: Spatial assessments of greenhouse gas emissions and carbon sequestration in natural ecosystems are necessary to develop climate mitigation strategies. Regional and national-level assessments of carbon sequestration require high-resolution...
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Biological Productivity,
Biomass,
Blue Carbon,
Carbon Sink,
Ecology,
This dataset provides the water content, bulk density, carbon concentrations, nitrogen concentrations, and carbon content of all fourteen cores sampled in coastal Louisiana (CRMS 0224) in October of 2019. Each sample is identified by a unique identifier that corresponds to each site by depth increment combination. The pond age range associated with each site is provided. The depth increment associated with each sample is provided.
Categories: Data;
Tags: Ecology,
Louisiana,
Mississippi River Delta,
Soil Sciences,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
Continuous water quality sensor data were collected at USGS 292939089544400 Wilkinson Bayou cutoff north of Wilkinson Bay, LA gage. Field water-quality measurements were collected using a YSI EXO2 water-quality sonde equipped with a data logger to capture hourly data using sensors for measuring water temperature, specific conductance, salinity, pH, oxidation and reduction potential (ORP), fluorescent dissolved organic matter (fDOM), and turbidity. The monitor was housed in an 8-inch diameter polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe attached to a temporary wooden structure near the gage. Measurements were collected from a fixed mid-depth point in the water column. All data were collected using U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Barataria Basin,
Coastal wetlands,
Dissolved carbon,
Ecology,
Gulf of Mexico,
This data release includes belowground primary productivity, decomposition, and surface elevation change data from a two-year mesocosm experiment from 2012 to 2014. We conducted experimental greenhouse manipulations of atmospheric CO2 (double ambient CO2) and sediment deposition to simulate a land-falling hurricane under future climate conditions. Experimental greenhouse conditions mimicked a land-falling hurricane under projected future climate conditions by comparing atmospheric to double ambient CO2 and sediment deposition in four communities along a coastal wetland landscape gradient in Louisiana, USA (tidal freshwater forested wetland, forest/marsh mix, marsh, and mudflat).
Categories: Data;
Tags: Big Branch Marsh National Wildlife Refuge,
Climate change,
Climatology,
Coastal wetlands,
Ecology,
These datasets provide: 1) field-collected biomass and structural attributes for coastal salt marsh in the Port Fourchon area, Louisiana; 2) simulated biomass and structural attributes along flooding gradients using mixed model regression outputs; and 3) resilience metrics calculated using multivariate hypervolumes along with potential environmental covariates of resilience metrics.
Coastal wetlands store more carbon than most ecosystems globally. However, little is known about the mechanisms that control the loss of organic matter in coastal wetlands at the landscape scale, and how sea-level rise will impact this important ecological function.
Categories: Data;
Types: Citation,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Barataria Basin,
Louisiana,
Organic matter decomposition,
Terrebonne Basin,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
Wind speed, wind direction (3D) and gas concentrations are measured at 10 Hz and statistically processed using the eddy covariance technique to half-hour estimates of flux rates of gas exchange between the ecosystem and atmosphere. Three gases were measured: carbon dioxide, methane and water vapor. Simultaneous measurements of environmental drivers are also measured and recorded as half-hourly values: photosynthetic photon flux density, downwelling and upwelling short and long wave radiation, air temperature, relative humidity and precipitation. Variable names and units follow AmeriFlux and FLUXNET standards. This site is a flotant herbaceous freshwater marsh in Salvador Wildlife Management Area near Luling, LA.
Site, field, and soil data collected from 14 sites along a chronosequence of wetland submergence on 15 – 17 October 2019 in a Louisiana salt marsh in Barataria Basin, part of the Mississippi River Deltaic Plain, along the northern Gulf of Mexico coast.
Climatic extremes are becoming more frequent with climate change and have the potential to cause major ecological shifts and ecosystem collapse. Along the northern Gulf of Mexico, a coastal wetland in the San Bernard National Wildlife Refuge in Texas suffered significant and acute vegetation dieback following Hurricane Harvey in 2017. We identified plant zonal boundaries along an elevation gradient with drought-tolerant plant species, including succulents and graminoids, at higher elevations and flood-tolerant species, including Spartina alterniflora, at lower elevations. We measured mean canopy height for each species. Soil surface elevation was measured using Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) methods.
Categories: Data;
Tags: Brazos River,
Coastal wetlands,
Ecological thresholds,
Ecology,
Ecosystem collapse,
Mangrove forests are among the world’s most productive and carbon-rich ecosystems. In addition to providing important fish and wildlife habitat and supporting coastal food webs, these coastal wetlands provide many ecosystem goods and services including clean water, stable coastlines, food, recreational opportunities, and stored carbon. Despite a growing understanding of the factors controlling mangrove soil carbon stocks, there is a pressing need to advance understanding of the pace of peat development beneath maturing mangroves - especially in created and restored mangroves, which are often intended to compensate for ecosystem functions lost during mangrove conversion to other land uses. To better quantify the...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Ecology,
Florida,
Spartina alterniflora,
Tampa Bay,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
A biogeochemistry model was developed to examine plant gross primary productivity (GPP), net primary productivity (NPP), plant respiration, soil respiration, soil organic carbon sequestration rate and storage under scenarios of drought and normal conditions at Tidal Freshwater Forested Wetlands (TFFW) sites along the Waccamaw River and Savannah River in the Southeastern United States.
Climate change is altering the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. Quantifying ecosystem responses to extreme events at the landscape scale is critical for understanding and responding to climate-driven change but is constrained by limited data availability. Here, we integrated remote sensing with ground-based observations to quantify landscape-scale vegetation damage from an extreme climatic event. We used ground- and satellite-based black mangrove (Avicennia germinans) leaf damage data from the northern Gulf of Mexico (USA and Mexico) to examine the effects of an extreme freeze in a region where black mangroves are expanding their range. The February 2021 event produced coastal temperatures as low...
Land-water data was derived from imagery acquired at 350 feet using unmanned aerial systems (UAS) for 6 separate study locations using the Ricoh GR II camera. Three sites are healthy marsh and three sites are degraded marshes. For each study site, ground control markers were established and surveyed in using Real Time Kinematic (RTK) survey equipment. The imagery collected has been processed to produce a land-water classification dataset for scientific research. The land-water data will not only quantify how much marsh is being affected, but the data will also provide a spatial aspect as to where these degrading marsh fragmentations are occurring. The land-water data will be correlated with other data such as salinity,...
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