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The manual zoom transfer scope is a device that allows for simultaneous viewing and scale matching of a variety of sources (such as aerial photos, plats, and surveys) to a georeferenced base map, such as a U.S. Geological Survey topographic map. After the zoom lens is used to adjust for scale differences, data can be transferred (traced) to a stable base overlay (such as mylar or acetate) and digitized by using a geographic information system.
The geographic information system pilot project on Pool 13 of the Upper Mississippi River System was initiated to evaluate system-wide application of various methods of capturing, processing and converting resource data. Classification schemes were developed for two data themes: land cover/land use (vegetation) and aquatic areas. Evaluation of 1:15,000 scale aerial photography indicated that (1) color infrared transparencies were essential for accurately mapping major vegetation classes and vegetation units less than 1 acre; (2) color infrared prints were essential for field work (delineating work areas on the photos and identifying in the field; (3) true color (Ektachrome) transparencies and prints were not useful...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service
The Upper Mississippi River System (UMRS) is physically diverse and biologically productive, providing habitat to hundreds of species of plants and animals. Aquatic and terrestrial plant communities provide structure, food, and shelter to a variety of organisms, influence nutrient dynamics and water quality, and stabilize sediments (Sculthorpe 1967; Wetzel 1983). Although aquatic and terrestrial vegetation have important ecological value, there are few long-term studies directed toward understanding spatial and temporal changes or understanding potential factors influencing this important component.
An experiment to improve ecological conditions while maintaining a 9-foot (2.74-m) navigation channel was continued in 1995 and 1996 on the three pools of the Upper Mississippi River managed by the St. Louis District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Water levels were held from 1 to 3 feet (0.3 to 0.9 m) lower than maximum regulated elevations at the dam from about mid-June through July in Pools 24 and 25 and Melvin Price Pool. Water levels were then gradually raised as discharge allowed. Vegetation was surveyed along an elevational gradient in eight areas in 1995 and six areas in 1996. Seven plant genera were identified in 1995 and five genera in 1996. Amaranthus spp. (pigweed), Cyperus spp. (chufa), Echinochloa spp....
The Environmental Management Technical Center hosted the first Upper Midwest Gap Analysis Workshop to initiate the coordination and implementation of Gap Analysis in the states of Minnesota, Michigan, and Wisconsin. Presently, Gap Analysis projects are being completed on a state-by-state basis, depending on level of interest and need by each state. Because Gap Analysis provides a standardized method and format, as state projects are completed the data can be edge-matched with adjacent states to reveal actual patterns of biodiversity at scales relevant to both the magnitude of present-day changes and the multiple levels of biological organization. Gap Analysis products are being used by state and local governments,...
This chapter describes specific procedures that are to be followed by Long Term Resource Monitoring Program (LTRMP) staff when creating aquatic areas coverages. This procedure uses data already created for the land cover/use coverage for the pool. The procedures are divided into several steps: (1) delineation of the main channel, (2) digitizing the main channel and structures, (3) dissolving the land cover data into aquatic and nonaquatic classes, (4) on-screen digitizing and classification, (5) completing the attribute tables photointerpretation, and (6) placing the coverages in the database. The aquatic areas classification is appended.
Evaluating the accuracy of spatial data is important to determine appropriate use of these data. However, a good method has not been documented to measure locational accuracy. The Global Positioning System (GPS) reduces the difficulty of measuring the location of objects and enables non-surveyors to determine their location with relative ease. This study applied a straight-forward, repeatable, and statistically sound method of estimating the horizontal accuracy of GPS-derived location data. We concentrated on the spatial accuracy of points because points represent simple locations and not cartographic abstractions such as lines or polygons. When GPS coordinates are taken at surveyed locations, the quantity of interest...
Describing the status of the Upper Mississippi River is a continuing function of the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program. Some ecologically important characteristics that serve as indices of overall system status include depositional habitats, vegetation, invertebrates, fish biodiversity, and our capability to apply information to achieve ecological goals. Individual conditions, however, must be regarded as elements of a comprehensive ecological perspective. The filling of depositional aquatic habitats has been measured sufficiently to identify this as the major long term resource problem in navigation pools. However, extrapolating sedimentation rates from one location to another for the purpose of focusing rehabilitation...
Guidance is provided for planning a photointerpretation project, including acquisition of materials, classification, photo preparation and interpretation, field work, and quality control. The Environmental Management Technical Center should follow these guidelines. The planning process is divided into several steps: (1) initial project scoping, which includes determining client needs; (2) project planning; (3) acquiring imagery, whether new or existing; (4) obtaining collateral data; (5) adapting a classification system, whether the system is a new one or existing classification; (6) preparing a flightline index; (7) preparing photos for interpretation; (8) field verification; (9) photointerpretation; and (10) quality...
The floodplain of the Upper Mississippi River has been significantly modified by man since 1824. Changes include the removal snags and sandbars, elimination of rapids, closing of side channels, construction of wing dams, 29 navigation locks and dams, and hundreds of miles of levees. Watershed changes have transformed much of the landscape from forest/grassland habitats to agriculture. We studied floodplain changes by analyzing historical water elevation and discharge data collected since 1861 and spatial data since 1891. Open water and marsh habitats have generally increased in the dammed portion of the river. A 28% reduction in open water and a 38% reduction in woody and terrestrial habitats have occurred In areas...
The Environmental Management Technical Center has produced a series of standard operating procedure (SOP) manuals detailing the steps in producing spatial data sets to meet quality standards. The present SOP manual is a continuation of that series detailing the quality control (QC) standards and procedures taken at each production step to ensure that the data are correct and can be passed to the next stage in the production process. Adherence to the SOPs detailed in the other manuals and to the QC procedures discussed here ensure that errors are kept to a minimum and that the data are reliable for monitoring and research.
The geographic information system pilot project on Pool 13 of the Upper Mississippi River System was initiated to evaluate system-wide application of various methods of capturing, processing and converting resource data. Classification schemes were developed for two data themes: land cover/land use (vegetation) and aquatic areas. Evaluation of 1:15,000 scale aerial photography indicated that (1) color infrared transparencies were essential for accurately mapping major vegetation classes and vegetation units less than 1 acre; (2) color infrared prints were essential for field work (delineating work areas on the photos and identifying in the field; (3) true color (Ektachrome) transparencies and prints were not useful...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service
A pilot geographic information system (GIS) graphical user interface (GUI) was designed to facilitate habitat rehabilitation and enhancement planning by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, St. Louis District. Undertaken in summer 1993, the project was developed to provide sample analyses for the Calhoun Point Habitat Rehabilitation and Enhancement Project on Pool 26 of the Upper Mississippi River System. The main objective of the project was to show how a GIS can assist in the design and evaluation of a project. The interface allows users to become familiar with the features of the area from a contemporary as well as a historical perspective, conduct statistical summaries, and develop and test varying modeling scenarios...
This chapter describes specific procedures that should be followed by Long Term Resource Monitoring Program (LTRMP) Field Station staff when preparing for and conducting a photointerpretation project. Procedures are provided for photo and work area preparation, scaling, field verification, and interpretation. The procedures are divided into several steps: 1) photo preparation, 2) scaling photos and determining the minimum mapping unit, 3) work area preparation, 4) field verification, and 5) photointerpretation. Required materials and equipment are listed and the classification is listed and described. Basic conventions to delineation and labeling are described.
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