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Fire and hydrology can be significant drivers of permafrost change in boreal landscapes, altering the availability of soil carbon and nutrients that have important implications for future climate and ecological succession. However, not all landscapes are equally susceptible to disturbance. New methods are needed to understand the vulnerability and resilience of different landscapes to permafrost degradation. This project uses remote sensing, geophysical, and other field-based observations to reveal details of both near-surface (<1 m) and deeper (>1 m) permafrost characteristics over multiple scales. This LandCarbon project currently supports the NASA ABoVE project, 'Vulnerability of inland waters and the aquatic...
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The Great Dismal Swamp (GDS) project is an application of USGS LandCarbon, at the US Fish and Wildlife Service's (FWS) Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge (NWR), and is designed to produce local-scale carbon estimates (including fluxes, ecosystem balance, and long-term sequestration rate) to include in an ecosystem service assessment in support of Department of Interior (DOI) land management activities. The project will improve the understanding of the effects of past drainage, logging, farming, and management on carbon sequestration and fire risk in peatlands. Broad Science Questions: How are ecosystem services (including carbon sequestration, wildlife viewing, water quality, and others) impacted by management...
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This research focuses on understanding processes controlling temporal and spatial variability in aquatic carbon fluxes in headwater streams. Headwater streams are areas of active carbon cycling because of steep topographic gradients, complex soil and vegetation patterns, and an abundance of small lakes and streams. The project will combine information from the following major components: High-frequency measurements of aquatic carbon fluxes using in-stream sensors will provide information on temporal dynamics at unprecedented resolution. A geostatistical model will be developed to characterize relations between landscape type (e.g., wetlands, forest, tundra) and aquatic C dynamics and fluxes. Variations in fluxes...
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Plot-level field data were collected in the summer of 2014 to estimate aboveground and belowground biomass in the Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge and Dismal Swamp State Park in North Carolina and Virginia. Data were collected at 85 plots. The location of the center of each plot was recorded with a Trimble ProXH global positioning system (GPS) and differentially corrected. Data files included 1: GDS_plots.csv, 2. GDS_FWD.csv, 3. GDS_LWD.csv, 4. GDS_Shrubs.csv, 5. GDS_Trees.csv, and 6. GDS_plot_summaries.csv. The data contained in GDS_plot_summaries.csv were calculated from the GDS_plots.csv, GDS_FWD.csv, GDS_LWD.csv, GDS_Shrubs.csv, GDS_Trees.csv files using the R statistical software environment (R Core...
Airborne electromagnetic (AEM) and magnetic survey data were collected during February 2016 along 300 line kilometers in the western Yukon Flats near Stevens Village, Alaska. Data were acquired with the CGG RESOLVE frequency-domain helicopter-borne electromagnetic systems together with a Scintrex Cesium Vapour CS-3 magnetometer. The AEM average depth of investigation is about 100 m. The survey was flown at a nominal flight height of 30 m above terrain along widely spaced reconnaissance lines. This data release includes raw and processed AEM data and laterally-constrained inverted resistivity depth sections along all flight lines. This release also includes unprocessed and processed magnetic data that has been drift...
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Fire can be a significant driver of permafrost change in boreal landscapes, altering the availability of soil carbon and nutrients that have important implications for future climate and ecological succession. However, not all landscapes are equally susceptible to fire-induced change. As fire frequency is expected to increase in the high latitudes, methods to understand the vulnerability and resilience of different landscapes to permafrost degradation are needed. Geophysical and other field observations reveal details of both near-surface (less than 1 m) and deeper (greater than 1 m) impacts of fire on permafrost along 14 transects that span burned-unburned boundaries in different landscape settings within interior...
Fire can be a significant driver of permafrost change in boreal landscapes, altering the availability of soil carbon and nutrients that have important implications for future climate and ecological succession. However, not all landscapes are equally susceptible to fire-induced change. As fire frequency is expected to increase in the high latitudes, methods to understand the vulnerability and resilience of different landscapes to permafrost degradation are needed. Geophysical and other field observations reveal details of both near-surface (<1 m) and deeper (>1 m) impacts of fire on permafrost along 11 transects that span burned-unburned boundaries in different landscape settings within interior Alaska. Data collected...
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Fire can be a significant driver of permafrost change in boreal landscapes, altering the availability of soil carbon and nutrients that have important implications for future climate and ecological succession. However, not all landscapes are equally susceptible to fire-induced change. As fire frequency is expected to increase in the high latitudes, methods to understand the vulnerability and resilience of different landscapes to permafrost degradation are needed. Geophysical and other field observations reveal details of both near-surface (less than 1 m) and deeper (greater than 1 m) impacts of fire on permafrost along 14 transects that span burned-unburned boundaries in different landscape settings within interior...
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We identified nine study site locations, representing three mature vegetation communities [Atlantic White Cedar (desired community), tall pine pocosin (desired community), and red maple/black gum mixed (undesired community)] with typical water depth within each vegetation type. All measurements were replicated three times (3 vegetation types x 3 replicates = 9 sites total). We installed four flux chambers at each site to collect GHG fluxes from all nine sites. We measured CO2 and CH4 using a Los Gatos Research Ultra Portable Greenhouse Gas Analyzer and two-part 760 cm2 flux chambers (chamber base remained in situ; chamber top was placed on the bottom only when sampling). We checked the gas fluxes on a monthly time-table...
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Fire can be a significant driver of permafrost change in boreal landscapes, altering the availability of soil carbon and nutrients that have important implications for future climate and ecological succession. However, not all landscapes are equally susceptible to fire-induced change. As fire frequency is expected to increase in the high latitudes, methods to understand the vulnerability and resilience of different landscapes to permafrost degradation are needed. Geophysical and other field observations reveal details of both near-surface (less than 1 m) and deeper (greater than 1 m) impacts of fire on permafrost along 14 transects that span burned-unburned boundaries in different landscape settings within interior...
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In this study, we determined the carbon balance in the Great Dismal Swamp, a large forested peatland in the southeastern USA, which has been drained for over two hundred years and now is being restored through hydrologic management. We modeled future net ecosystem carbon balance over 100 years (2012 to 2112) using in situ field observations paired with simulations of water-table depth. The three scenarios used in the model were baseline conditions, flooded/wet conditions, and drained/dry conditions, which represent a range of potential management actions and climate conditions at the Great Dismal Swamp. This U.S. Geological Survey Data Release provides the modeled output estimating the net ecosystem carbon balance,...
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Inland wetlands produce, biogeochemically process and sequester carbon. Wetlands that are hydrologically connected to stream and river networks are commonly considered to be major sources of carbon that may be biologically or photochemically processed in-stream, or exported to coastal regions. However, very little is known about the potential or actual lateral carbon fluxes from different major wetland types, or the downstream fate of that carbon (rapid decomposition vs. sequestration vs. export). Major questions: What is the variability in potential carbon sources (as dissolved organic C, dissolved inorganic C, CO2 and CH4) from major inland wetland types to inland waters? What metrics and/or markers (chemical,...
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This research focuses on understanding the rates, causes, and consequences of land change across a range of geographic and temporal scales. Our emphasis is on developing alternative future projections and quantifying the impact on environmental systems, in particular, the role of land-use change on ecosystem carbon dynamics. This project supports the development of the Land-use and Carbon Scenario Simulator (LUCAS) model. LUCAS tracks changes in land use, land cover, land management, and disturbance, and their impacts on ecosystem carbon storage and flux by combining: A State-and-Transition Simulation Model (STSM) to simulate changes in land-use across a range of geographic scales. A Stock and Flow Model to track...
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Our research focuses on assessing the components of the Net Ecoystem Carbon Balance using the eddy covariance approach to measure atmospheric fluxes of heat, energy, carbon dioxide and methane and testing equipment and techniques to measure the tidal exchange of dissolved organic (DOC) and inorganic carbon (DIC). The atmospheric flux tower is located south of Solano Land Trust's Rush Ranch, a working ranch encompassing 2,070 acres of marsh and rolling grasslands that provides both recreational and educational experiences for the public (http://www.solanolandtrust.org/RushRanch.aspx). Lateral fluxes are being collected at the San Francisco Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve First Mallard water quality station...
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We are provoding a set of table and maps that provides summary of ecosystem carbon balance (pools and fluxes) as simulated by the Dynamic Organic Soil version of the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model. Simulations are provided for the historical period from 1950 to 2009 and projections from 2010 to 2099, for the four main landscape conservation cooperative regions in Alaska (i.e. the Arctic, the Western Alaska, the North Pacific and the Northwest Boreal LCCs). Projections have been conducted at 1km-resolution for two set of climate scenarios for the A1B, B1 and A2 emission scenarios of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (IPCC-SRES). The two global circulation models used...
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The disturbance team contributes to the goals of the LandCarbon project and conducts research focusing on 3 main components: (1) monitoring disturbance patterns and their impacts on carbon cycling, (2) understanding drivers creating the patterns and impacts, and (3) using scenarios of change to project future potential disturbance patterns, their interactions with other disturbances, and subsequent impacts on carbon cycling. Key research questions driving our work include: (1) Monitoring: How can remotely sensed, field-based, and other data best be used individually and synergistically to track changes in fire occurrence in ecosystem types with long fire-return intervals and the impacts on carbon? How do disturbances...
Fire can be a significant driver of permafrost change in boreal landscapes, altering the availability of soil carbon and nutrients that have important implications for future climate and ecological succession. However, not all landscapes are equally susceptible to fire-induced change. As fire frequency is expected to increase in the high latitudes, methods to understand the vulnerability and resilience of different landscapes to permafrost degradation are needed. Geophysical and other field observations reveal details of both near-surface (<1 m) and deeper (>1 m) impacts of fire on permafrost along 11 transects that span burned-unburned boundaries in different landscape settings within interior Alaska. Data collected...
Fire can be a significant driver of permafrost change in boreal landscapes, altering the availability of soil carbon and nutrients that have important implications for future climate and ecological succession. However, not all landscapes are equally susceptible to fire-induced change. As fire frequency is expected to increase in the high latitudes, methods to understand the vulnerability and resilience of different landscapes to permafrost degradation are needed. Geophysical and other field observations reveal details of both near-surface (<1 m) and deeper (>1 m) impacts of fire on permafrost along 11 transects that span burned-unburned boundaries in different landscape settings within interior Alaska. Data collected...
Fire can be a significant driver of permafrost change in boreal landscapes, altering the availability of soil carbon and nutrients that have important implications for future climate and ecological succession. However, not all landscapes are equally susceptible to fire-induced change. As fire frequency is expected to increase in the high latitudes, methods to understand the vulnerability and resilience of different landscapes to permafrost degradation are needed. Geophysical and other field observations reveal details of both near-surface (<1 m) and deeper (>1 m) impacts of fire on permafrost along 11 transects that span burned-unburned boundaries in different landscape settings within interior Alaska. Data collected...
map background search result map search result map Fire impacts on permafrost in Alaska: Geophysical and other field data collected in 2015 Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) data; Alaska, 2014 Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) inverted models; Alaska, 2014 Borehole Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Data; Alaska, 2014 Borehole Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Inverted Models; Alaska, 2014 Borehole Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Inverted Models; Alaska, 2015 Electrical Resistivity Tomography Inverted Models; Alaska, 2015 Ecosystem disturbances monitoring an modeling Great Dismal Swamp Project Headwater C fluxes Inland wetlands LUCAS modeling Suisun Marsh, CA: Net Ecosystem Carbon Balance Airborne electromagnetic and magnetic survey data and inverted resistivity models, western Yukon Flats, Alaska, February 2016 Alaska permafrost characterization Alaska Land Carbon Assessment Alaska Land Carbon Assessment Data Soil flux (CO2, CH4), soil temperature, and soil moisture measurements at the Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge (2015 - 2017) Great Dismal Swamp field measurements for aboveground and belowground biomass Model parameters and output of net ecosystem carbon balance for the Great Dismal Swamp, Virginia and North Carolina, USA Suisun Marsh, CA: Net Ecosystem Carbon Balance Great Dismal Swamp Project Soil flux (CO2, CH4), soil temperature, and soil moisture measurements at the Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge (2015 - 2017) Great Dismal Swamp field measurements for aboveground and belowground biomass Model parameters and output of net ecosystem carbon balance for the Great Dismal Swamp, Virginia and North Carolina, USA Headwater C fluxes Airborne electromagnetic and magnetic survey data and inverted resistivity models, western Yukon Flats, Alaska, February 2016 Borehole Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Inverted Models; Alaska, 2015 Fire impacts on permafrost in Alaska: Geophysical and other field data collected in 2015 Electrical Resistivity Tomography Inverted Models; Alaska, 2015 Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) data; Alaska, 2014 Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) inverted models; Alaska, 2014 Borehole Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Data; Alaska, 2014 Borehole Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Inverted Models; Alaska, 2014 Inland wetlands Alaska permafrost characterization Alaska Land Carbon Assessment Data Alaska Land Carbon Assessment Ecosystem disturbances monitoring an modeling LUCAS modeling