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Wetland hydroperiod, the length of time water is available in wetlands, is sensitive to changes in precipitation, temperature and timing due to climate variation. Truncated hydroperiod has major implications for wetland-dependent species (e.g., waterfowl, amphibians) and human water allocation (PPP LCC Need 1). To characterize wetland hydroperiod in the Plains and Prairie Pothole Region, we first identify location and hydroperiod of wetlands using field-based and remotely sensed training data (RapidEye, Landsat). We define hydroperiod as wetland ephemerality, where ephemerality represents the persistence of a wetland across the growing season. We then link hydroperiod to climatic variation by relating climate time-series...
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Map drained wetland basins in the PPR of Iowa and complete data set for the eastern (Region 3) of the U.S. Prairie Pothole Regionl. These data form the foundation for a newly launced inititative to develop an “Integrated Conservation Design Strategy for the PPR of Minnesota and Iowa.” This new initiative integrates wildlife habitat, water quality and flood attenuation objectives with wetland restoration potential maps to develop multi-objective wetland restoration plans for landscape-scale watershed.
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Unconventional oil development in the Bakken shale region has increased rapidly as a result of new technologies. This region also supports a particularly high density and diversity of grassland bird species, which are declining across North America. We examined grassland bird response to unconventional oil extraction sites (i.e. developed with hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling) and associated roads in North Dakota. Our goal was to quantify the amount of habitat that was indirectly degraded by oil development, as evidenced by patterns of avoidance by birds. Grassland birds avoided areas within 149 m of roads (95% CI: 4 – 294 m), 267 m of single-bore well pads (95% CI: 157 – 377 m), and 150 m of multi-bore...
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Wyoming's State Wildlife Action Plan (SWAP) is a comprehensive strategy to maintain the health and diversity of wildlife within the state, including reducing the need for future listings under the Endangered Species Act. Special emphasis is given to addressing wildlife species that have received less attention in the past, including those that are not hunted or fished. All 50 states have developed SWAPs, providing a framework for planning and coordination on wildlife issues that cross state boundaries. The development and implementation of SWAPs is supported by the US Fish and Wildlife Services' State and Tribal Wildlife Grant Program.Wyoming's SWAP addresses a variety of wildlife and habitat management challenges,...
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The Invasion of native communities by cool-season introduced grasses, especially smooth brome and Kentucky bluegrass in upland prairies, reed canary grass in wetlands, is on one of the most important management issues on U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service)-owned lands. Two adaptive management projects, the Native Prairie and Reed Canary Grass Adaptive Management Projects were funded by USGS to examine restoration efforts on NWRs and WMDs in USFWS Regions 3 and 6. This project will support the completion of two decision support tools that are essential to long-term resource management success.
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PLAN VISIONThe South Dakota Wildlife Action Plan assesses the health of South Dakota's fish and wildlife and associated habitats, evaluates the problems they face, and outlines actions to help conserve them for the long term. This plan encourages voluntary partnerships among governmental entities, tribes, organizations, and private citizens to help prevent fish and wildlife from becoming endangered and to provide for the needs of the full array of fish and wildlife and habitat diversity for the future sustained enjoyment and use by South Dakota's residents and visitors.WILDLIFE ACTION PLANThe entire South Dakota Wildlife Action Plan is provided below. Due to the plan's large size, sections have been broken into...
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Migration barriers and resulting habitat fragmentation are a major conservationconcern for freshwater fishes. Characterizing the swimming abilities of fish is vital forfishway design and identifying potential movement barriers. The objective of this studywas to assess the swimming performance of two of the most widely distributed prairiefishes, the large-bodied, large river sauger Sander Canadensis, and the small-bodied,small stream longnose dace Rhinichthys cataractae. Swimming performance for bothspecies was assessed using a variety of metrics (passage success, maximum ascentdistance, maximum sprint speed) in an open channel flume over a range of velocities(sauger, 51, 80, 93 cm/; dace, 39, 64, 78, and 90 cm/s),...
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The Plains and Prairie Potholes LCC is currently developing a strategic plan that will help guide its partners toward making more informed conservation decisions across the Northern Great Plains. As part of that effort, the PPP-LCC aims to provide syntheses for its partners that will help them understand the effects of conservation decisions and policies across different resources and sectors of the economy. One way to view these impacts is in terms of ecosystem services. That is, the set of services that humans derive from ecosystems such as flood control, agricultural productivity or wildlife populations. The PPP-LCC aims to use the ecosystems services framework to synthesize current information about grasslands,...
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Economic, market-based grassland conservation approaches are needed for expired Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) lands. This proposal describes a new Avoided Grassland Conversion Program that will provide a new private market driver and income stream from private sources for landowners of expired CRP looking for alternative programs to maintain grass cover. An innovative economic alternative to the Conservation Reserve Program will be piloted in portions of the Prairie Pothole Region in 2013, utilizing over $3 million in Federal and private dollars to develop fencing and livestock infrastructure on at-risk of conversion expired CRP lands, requiring an additional $140,000 in financial support to perform necessary...
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WWF and partners will assess the probability of grasslands being converted to cropland in the Northern Great Plains by analyzing land characteristics (e.g. soil properties conducive to specific crops), climate variables (e.g. rainfall, temperature before and during the growing season) associated with different land uses. The conversion risk analysis will produce a statistical model that explains which factors drive grassland conversion and can predict grassland conversion risk across the NGP- at five and ten years from present. Likely impacts from climate change on suitability of lands for different crops will be incorporated by simulating conversion risks unde alternative future climate scenarios at 20 and 40...
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Rest-rotation grazing, defined as lack of livestock grazing in a pasture for 15-18 months, is suggested to improve the quality of sagebrush, shrubland, and grassland habitat for a wide range of species. However, little work has been done to evaluate impacts of rest-rotation grazing on migratory avian species which serve as indicators of sagebrush ecosystem integrity. Evaluating the impacts of rest-rotation grazing using indicator species can provide valuable insight into how rest-rotation grazing may affect multiple species in the ecosystem.Our research is focused on how different grazing systems, rest-rotation and traditional, change songbird community structure (e.g., species abundance and richness). Traditional...
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The National Landcover Database (NLCD) from the United States (2001) and the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) (2000), and a classified Landsat TM scene to fill the gap between the US and Canada were mosaicked together. Landsat images from June or July 2000-2002 were used to be consistent with timing of other data layers. Landcover across the layers were crosswalked and standardized into 5 classes: crop, grassland, other/non-habitat, woody vegetation and water/wetlands.
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Native grasslands have been reduced to a fraction of their original extent, with estimated total loss prior to the 1990s of 70% for prairie grassland (Federal Provincial and Territorial Governments of Canada 2010). Conversion of native grassland to cropland and tame hayfields or pasture has been one of the leading drivers of native grassland loss in North America. Degradation of native grasslands also continues in some areas due to changes in natural disturbance regimes such as fire suppression and intensive prolonged cattle grazing, threats from invasive non-native species, fragmentation, intensification of agriculture, and economic development associated with population growth(Federal Provincial and Territorial...
Rural America has changed dramatically over the last century, from having over half the population living in rural settings to only 20 percent residing in a rural area today, and outmigration of younger populations from rural communities remains a constant issue for local governing officials. A declining tax base and concurrent rising costs for maintenance and repair of aging infrastructure add further challenges to policy decisions. Reduced enrollment has caused school closures or mergers. Farm consolidation and technical advances reduced the demand for local labor. On the positive side, however, record-high commodity prices have amplified farm income to new heights. The increased revenues can lead to farmers spending...
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This carbon sequestration research is part of a new pilot grassland conservation program to protect at-risk grasslands from conversion to cropland in the northern Great Plains. Natural resources partners have leveraged more than $3 million in private and federal funding to support an innovative program that extends protection of privately-owned grasslands that have expired under the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). In the past two years alone, the number of CRP acres nationally has dropped from 31.2 million to 27 million. Of the 4.2-million-acre-decline, lands lost in North Dakota and Montana accounted for 1.6 million acres, or 38 percent. The program aims to encourage private landowners to conserve CRP grasslands...
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The project will use baseline data on pre-restoration measures of baseline hydrology and water quality to evaluate the impacts of large scale wetland and prairire restorations on hydrology and water quality including: recovery of key habitats and functions; abilities of wetlands to buffer variable water flows; ability of groundwater to buffer water flows; groundwater and surface water quality; changes in groundwater movement; rates of denitrification and carbon storage/ transport.
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Although it is certain that climate change will affect the hydrology and biota of Great Plains streams, how and where these effects will be manifested is not known. This project will predict the effects of climate change on these streams by creating watershed hydrology and fish assemblage models that are both linked to watershed characteristics, then predicting changes resulting from climate change using an ensemble of general circulation models. We will identify the areas of primary conservation concern by calculating Index of Biotic Integrity values for 1,600 samples in an existing regional fish database and compare them to the areas that are most likely to experience change under future climate scenarios.
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Temperate grassland ecosystems are imperiled globally, and habitat loss in North America has resulted in steepdeclines of endemic songbirds. Commercial livestock grazing is the primary land use in rangelands that supportremaining bird populations. Some conservationists suggest using livestock as “ecosystem engineers” to increasehabitat heterogeneity in rangelands because birds require a spectrum of sparse to dense vegetation cover.However, grazing effects remain poorly understood because local studies have not incorporated broad-scaleenvironmental constraints on herbaceous growth. We surveyed grassland birds across a region spanning26 500 km2 in northeast Montana, United States to assess how distribution and abundance...
map background search result map search result map Decision Support Tools for Adaptive Management Projects in Prairie and Wetland Habitats on National Wildlife Refuges and Wetland Management Districts in USFWS Regions 3 and 6 Regional Assessment of Fish and Habitat Condition Completion of National Wetland Inventory for the Northern Great Plains Targeting grassland conservation: An Estimate of Land-Use Conversion Risk in the Northern Great Plains Managing for Resilience in Prairie-Wetland Landscapes of the PPP - Sustaining Habitats and Services under Accelerating Climate Change Predicting Effects of Climate Change on Native Fishes in Northern Great Plains Streams International Duck Model Data for Conservation Planning for the Plains and Prairie Pothole Ecosystems Wyoming SWAP Climate Change Chapter Economic Conservation of Expired CRP in the Prairie Pothole Region Climate Change & South Dakota Wildlife Action Plan Revision Assessing land use practices on the ecological characteristics of sagebrush ecosystems: multiple migratory bird responses Dynamics of Land-Use Change and Conservation in the Prairie Pothole Region of the United States—Environmental and Economic Implications with Linkages to Rural Community Well-Being Feasibility Analysis: Carbon credits as a new income stream to ranching enterprises in the Prairie Pothole Region Report: Comparative Analysis of Native Prairie Spatial Delineation Methods in the Prairie Ecozone Relationships among swimming performance, behavior, water velocity, temperature, and body size for Sager and longnose dace Precipitation and Soil Productivity Explain Effects of Grazing on Grassland Songbirds Iowa Wetland Assessment and Restorable Wetland Inventory Phase-II Report Grassland Birds and Unconventional Oil Development in Western North Dakota Wetland hydroperiod and climate change: Completion Report – Phase I Developing an ecosystem services modeling framework to help guide PPP LCC planning efforts Iowa Wetland Assessment and Restorable Wetland Inventory Phase-II Report Climate Change & South Dakota Wildlife Action Plan Revision Wyoming SWAP Climate Change Chapter Precipitation and Soil Productivity Explain Effects of Grazing on Grassland Songbirds Targeting grassland conservation: An Estimate of Land-Use Conversion Risk in the Northern Great Plains Decision Support Tools for Adaptive Management Projects in Prairie and Wetland Habitats on National Wildlife Refuges and Wetland Management Districts in USFWS Regions 3 and 6 Regional Assessment of Fish and Habitat Condition Completion of National Wetland Inventory for the Northern Great Plains Predicting Effects of Climate Change on Native Fishes in Northern Great Plains Streams International Duck Model Data for Conservation Planning for the Plains and Prairie Pothole Ecosystems Economic Conservation of Expired CRP in the Prairie Pothole Region Assessing land use practices on the ecological characteristics of sagebrush ecosystems: multiple migratory bird responses Dynamics of Land-Use Change and Conservation in the Prairie Pothole Region of the United States—Environmental and Economic Implications with Linkages to Rural Community Well-Being Feasibility Analysis: Carbon credits as a new income stream to ranching enterprises in the Prairie Pothole Region Report: Comparative Analysis of Native Prairie Spatial Delineation Methods in the Prairie Ecozone Relationships among swimming performance, behavior, water velocity, temperature, and body size for Sager and longnose dace Grassland Birds and Unconventional Oil Development in Western North Dakota Wetland hydroperiod and climate change: Completion Report – Phase I Developing an ecosystem services modeling framework to help guide PPP LCC planning efforts Managing for Resilience in Prairie-Wetland Landscapes of the PPP - Sustaining Habitats and Services under Accelerating Climate Change