Folders: ROOT > ScienceBase Catalog > Integrated Landscape Modeling (ILM) ( Show direct descendants )
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Land use and its relation to nutrient concentrations and loading via streams is an important issue in coastal lagoons and embayments worldwide including the Maryland coastal bays system, USA. As in many coastal areas around the globe, declining water quality in the bays is the result of nutrient inputs from the surrounding watershed. In this study, the sources of the nutrient inputs were examined. Monthly concentrations of total nitrogen (TN), ammonium (NH4 +), nitrate (NO3 -), phosphate (PO4 -3), and total phosphorus (TP) were measured in six streams in the St. Martin River basin from July 2006 to January 2008. Current land use information for the basins of each stream was also compiled. Several significant correlations...
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Types: Citation
The importance of wetland–stream connectivity has been heightened due to the current dependence of wetland regulatory status on this connectivity, although the importance of wetland function to adjacent stream health has been and will continue to be substantial regardless of government policies and regulations. Multiple government agencies have sought to gauge the impact of Rapanos and related judgments through the intersection of commonly available stream and wetland datasets at the state and national level. However, the limitations of commonly available stream datasets can lead to significant statistical biases at a broad scale, and these limitations complicate the use of these datasets for site-specific regulatory...
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Types: Citation
Playas are shallow depressional wetlands and the dominant wetland type in the non-glaciated High Plains of the United States. This region is one of the most intensively cultivated regions in the Western Hemisphere, and playas are profoundly impacted by a variety of agricultural activities. Conservation practices promoted through Farm Bills by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) that influence playas and surrounding catchments impact ecosystem functions and related services provided by wetlands in this region. As part of a national assessment, we review effects of agricultural cultivation and effectiveness of USDA conservation programs and practices on ecosystem functions and associated services of playas....
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Types: Citation
Hydrologic budgets for depressional wetlands require estimates of runoff from watersheds. In the Southern High Plains, where there is little elevation relief, ground surveys provide accurate watershed estimates but are time-consuming and costly. Estimates can be derived at lower cost from DEMs (Digital Elevation Models) and topographical maps, but data resolution and interpretation introduces errors. Other computational methods provide alternatives for estimating watershed area. Two computational methods based on longitudinal distances and elevations are described; minimal distance method and weighted minimal distance method. Twenty playas were ground surveyed to obtain baseline estimates of watershed area. Watershed...
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Categories: Publication;
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Implementation of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) and Wetlands Reserve Program (WRP) has resulted in the restoration of >2 million ha of wetland and grassland habitats in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR). Restoration of habitats through these programs provides diverse ecosystem services to society, but few investigators have evaluated the environmental benefits achieved by these programs. We describe changes in wetland processes, functions, and ecosystem services that occur when wetlands and adjacent uplands on agricultural lands are restored through Farm Bill conservation programs. At the scale of wetland catchments, projects have had positive impacts on water storage,...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: carbon,
conservation,
ecosystem services,
grasslands,
prairie potholes,
Effects of Restored Stream Buffers on Water Quality in Non-tidal Streams in the Choptank River Basin
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation
The majority of the High Plains region is comprised of shortgrass prairie. Within this shortgrass prairie region playas are the dominant wetland type and hydrological feature. Playas are shallow depressional recharge wetlands each existing within their individual catchments. The High Plains is also one of the most intensively cultivated regions in the western hemisphere. Therefore playas are directly influenced by agricultural practices and USDA conservation programs. The primary ecosystem services provided by playas include biotic habitat flood-water storage and
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Types: Citation
More than 25,000 playa wetlands are embedded in the Southern High Plains (SHP), USA. The SHP is one of the most intensively cultivated areas in the world and, as a result, the function of playas has been altered by deposition of eroded sediments. We monitored water levels in 33 playas in summer 2003 to examine the influence of land use (cropland vs. native grassland) and playa characteristics (playa area, watershed size, starting water level, volume loss, sediment depth, percent playa vegetation cover, and soil texture zone) on water loss rate and hydroperiod (consecutive days a playa held measurable surface water). Multiple regression models (selected using Akaike’s Information Criterion) indicated that land use,...
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Types: Citation
Playa wetlands are the major habitat for amphibians in the Southern Great Plains, USA.... | Article from Copeia June 4, 2008
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation
Fungicide use on row crops is increasing dramatically due to promotion of these products for general plant health and increased yield even during low disease pressure. These fungicides are applied aerially, which may lead to amphibian exposure within fields or in nearby habitat. Exposure to three of these fungicides at environmentally relevant conditions resulted in mortality for Bufo tadpoles and juveniles for two of the fungicides. Headline®, the most commonly used on row crops, resulted in >50% mortality for juveniles at corn label application rates and 100% mortality for tadpoles at one-tenth the label rate for corn. Stratego® killed 40% of exposed tadpoles on average at the corn label rate, but only 7% of the...
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Types: Citation
1. Hydroperiod, wetland size and land use of watersheds surrounding wetlands have important individual influences on plant communities in wetlands. Our objectives were to determine the effect and relative importance of local and landscape factors on plant species richness, diversity and composition of different functional groups (i.e. total, wetland-dependent, perennial, annual and exotic species) in recently inundated playa wetlands.2. We surveyed plant communities in 80 wet playas in the Southern High Plains, USA, and measured local factors: water depth, playa volume loss, sediment depth and playa area. We included landscape variables within 3 km: number of playas, edge density, percentage urban area and percentage...
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Forested wetlands are a significant component of the wetland landscape, accounting for the majority of U.S. wetlands. Unfortunately, forested wetlands are among the most difficult types of wetlands to map using conventional imagery. New, cost-effective methods are needed to improve the mapping of forested wetlands. LiDAR intensity data are an underutilized, often freely available data source that can be used to improve the mapping of forested wetlands.
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Types: Citation
Feng, M., S. Liu, N. H. Euliss, Jr., and F. Yin. 2009. Distributed geospatial model sharing based on open interoperability standards. Journal of Remote Sensing 13:1060-1073.
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Types: Citation
Larval amphibians reach high densities in playa wetlands in the Southern Great Plains (SGP), USA, and thus may influence the entire structure and function of these ecosystems. We investigated whether both carnivorous and omnivorous morphotypes of Spadefoot Toad tadpoles (New Mexico Spadefoot, Spea multiplicata (Cope, 1863), and Plains Spadefoot, Spea bombifrons (Cope, 1863)) would exhibit a macrophagous feeding behavior that would allow them to occupy several trophic levels in playas. We also compared tadpole diets and foregut widths as influenced by the land use surrounding playas (cultivated versus grassland watersheds), year (dry versus wet year), and body size (snout-to-vent length). Tadpole diets were dominated...
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Rapid methods of measuring soil carbon – such as near-infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy – have gained interest, but problems of accurate and precise measurement still persist as a result of the high spatial variability of soil carbon within agricultural landscapes. Tillage-based (meaning tine-mounted) and airborne-based spectral sensors offer the opportunity to effectively capture the spatial distribution of soil carbon within agricultural landscapes. We evaluated an airborne hyperspectral sensor covering the range 450–2,450 nm at 2.5 m spatial resolution and a tillage sensor covering the range 920–2,225 nm. We intensively sampled soils within five tilled agricultural fields...
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