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Changes in the composition, structure, and functions of forest ecosystems typically occur over long periods of time. In the Pacific Northwest region of the United States, for example, it is not unusual for individual dominant trees to survive for 500 years or longer (Franklin and Dyrness, 1973; Waring and Franklin, 1979). Significant compositional and structural changes may continue to occur 750 years after a stand-initiating disturbance (Franklin and Spies, 1991). Documenting and understanding these changes requires a variety of approaches. At least five complementary approaches have been taken to increase, scientific understanding of these intrinsically slow changes: chronosequences (Pickett, 1989); palynology...
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Types: Citation
In this study, we analyzed the above-ground biomass data for 631 trees with a diameter ⩾10 cm from different biogeographical regions in Colombia. The aims of this research were (1) to evaluate the accuracy of the most commonly employed pantropical allometric models for the estimation of above-ground biomass of natural forests in different sites located along a complex environmental gradient, (2) to develop new models that enable more precise estimations of current carbon stores in the above-ground biomass of natural forest ecosystems in Colombia, and (3) to evaluate the effect on allometric models of forest type classifications as determinants of above-ground biomass variation. The Brown et al. (1989) model for...
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Types: Citation
Summary 1. Metabolic scaling theory predicts that diameter growth rates of tree species are related to tree diameter by a universal scaling law. This model has been criticised because it ignores the influence of competition for resources such as light on the scaling of demographic rates with size. 2. We here test whether scaling exponents of abundant tropical tree species comply with the prediction of metabolic scaling theory and evaluate whether the scaling of growth with size depends on light availability. Light reaching each individual tree was estimated from yearly vertical censuses of canopy density, and a hierarchical Bayesian approach allowed quantifying confidence intervals for scaling exponents and accounting...
The United Nations framework convention on climate change (FCCC) commits signatory nations to monitor changes in all fluxes and sinks of carbon, including those related to vegetation and soil. This paper describes a system for monitoring carbon in New Zealand’s forests and shrublands (6.3 and 2.6 million ha, respectively), which was tested on a 60 km-wide transect across the South Island. A 9 km2 grid was superimposed onto a land-cover map (SPOT imagery) to obtain 62 ground-sampling points. New permanent plots were established at 43 of these points and 18 existing plots were revisited (one site was inaccessible). On each plot, the dimensions of all trees, shrubs and coarse woody debris (CWD) were measured, and these...
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Types: Citation
Tropical forests hold large stores of carbon, yet uncertainty remains regarding their quantitative contribution to the global carbon cycle. One approach to quantifying carbon biomass stores consists in inferring changes from long-term forest inventory plots. Regression models are used to convert inventory data into an estimate of aboveground biomass (AGB). We provide a critical reassessment of the quality and the robustness of these models across tropical forest types, using a large dataset of 2,410 trees >or= 5 cm diameter, directly harvested in 27 study sites across the tropics. Proportional relationships between aboveground biomass and the product of wood density, trunk cross-sectional area, and total height...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation
In this study, we analyzed the above-ground biomass data for 631 trees with a diameter ⩾10 cm from different biogeographical regions in Colombia. The aims of this research were (1) to evaluate the accuracy of the most commonly employed pantropical allometric models for the estimation of above-ground biomass of natural forests in different sites located along a complex environmental gradient, (2) to develop new models that enable more precise estimations of current carbon stores in the above-ground biomass of natural forest ecosystems in Colombia, and (3) to evaluate the effect on allometric models of forest type classifications as determinants of above-ground biomass variation. The Brown et al. (1989) model for...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation
Long-term Forest Dynamics Plots (FDPs) allow ecologists to explain patterns in diversity and dynamics in tropical forests around the world. In this collection, Elizabeth Losos and Egbert Giles Leigh Jr. assemble extensive standardized data—collected here in one location for the first time—from sixteen tropical FDPs and synthesize the findings, putting these unique and valuable plots in a global context by highlighting the utility of the collected data for conservation and forest management. Written by experts in the field of tropical ecology, Tropical Forest Diversity and Dynamism will appeal to students and professionals with an interest in community ecology and patterns of diversity.
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation
In this study, we analyzed the above-ground biomass data for 631 trees with a diameter ⩾10 cm from different biogeographical regions in Colombia. The aims of this research were (1) to evaluate the accuracy of the most commonly employed pantropical allometric models for the estimation of above-ground biomass of natural forests in different sites located along a complex environmental gradient, (2) to develop new models that enable more precise estimations of current carbon stores in the above-ground biomass of natural forest ecosystems in Colombia, and (3) to evaluate the effect on allometric models of forest type classifications as determinants of above-ground biomass variation. The Brown et al. (1989) model for...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation
In this study, we analyzed the above-ground biomass data for 631 trees with a diameter ⩾10 cm from different biogeographical regions in Colombia. The aims of this research were (1) to evaluate the accuracy of the most commonly employed pantropical allometric models for the estimation of above-ground biomass of natural forests in different sites located along a complex environmental gradient, (2) to develop new models that enable more precise estimations of current carbon stores in the above-ground biomass of natural forest ecosystems in Colombia, and (3) to evaluate the effect on allometric models of forest type classifications as determinants of above-ground biomass variation. The Brown et al. (1989) model for...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation
In this study, we analyzed the above-ground biomass data for 631 trees with a diameter ⩾10 cm from different biogeographical regions in Colombia. The aims of this research were (1) to evaluate the accuracy of the most commonly employed pantropical allometric models for the estimation of above-ground biomass of natural forests in different sites located along a complex environmental gradient, (2) to develop new models that enable more precise estimations of current carbon stores in the above-ground biomass of natural forest ecosystems in Colombia, and (3) to evaluate the effect on allometric models of forest type classifications as determinants of above-ground biomass variation. The Brown et al. (1989) model for...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation
Abstract: The National Vegetation Survey (NVS) databank is designed to safeguard the investment of millions of dollars spent over the last 50 years collecting, computerising and checking New Zealand vegetation data and to optimise the potential knowledge gains from these data. Data such as these can be synthesised across a range of spatial and temporal scales, allow novel ecological questions to be considered, and can underpin land management and legal reporting obligations. The NVS databank builds largely on the base of data collected under the auspices of the New Zealand Forest Service from the 1940s to 1987. In more recent years, it has incorporated data from Protected Natural Area (PNA) surveys and from new...
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Types: Citation
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation
Studying spatial distributions of species can provide important insights into processes and mechanisms that maintain species richness. We used the relative neighborhood density Ω based on the average density of conspecific species in circular neighborhoods around each species to quantify spatial distributions of species with ≥10 individuals in a fully mapped 25 ha temperate plot at Changbaishan, northeastern China. Our results show that spatial aggregation is a dominant pattern of species in the Changbaishan temperate forests. However, the percentage of significantly aggregated species decreases with spatial scale, especially for rare species. Rare species are more aggregated than intermediate and common species....
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation
There have been many attempts to model the impacts of climate change on the distributions of temperate tree species, but empirical analyses of the effects of climate on the distribution and abundance of tree species have lagged far behind the models. Here, we used forest inventory data to characterize variation in adult tree abundance along climate gradients for the 24 most common tree species in the northeastern United States. The two components of our measure of species abundance—local frequency vs. relative abundance—showed dramatically different patterns of variation along gradients of mean annual temperature and precipitation. Local frequency (i.e., the percentage of plots in a given climate in which a species...
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Types: Citation
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation
This table provides, for each of the 403 species used in our analysis, various documentary information as well as the fitted parameters for the relationship between mass growth rate and the natural log of tree size. The independent variable ln(mass) was divided into bins and a separate line segment was fitted to mass growth rate versus ln(mass) in each bin so that the line segments met at the bin divisions. Mass and growth rate were in megagrams (Mg) and Mg yr-1 respectively. Bin divisions were not assigned a priori but were fitted by the model separately for each species. We fitted models with 1, 2, 3, and 4 bins, and selected the model receiving the most support by Akaike’s Information Criterion for each species....
In this study, we analyzed the above-ground biomass data for 631 trees with a diameter ⩾10 cm from different biogeographical regions in Colombia. The aims of this research were (1) to evaluate the accuracy of the most commonly employed pantropical allometric models for the estimation of above-ground biomass of natural forests in different sites located along a complex environmental gradient, (2) to develop new models that enable more precise estimations of current carbon stores in the above-ground biomass of natural forest ecosystems in Colombia, and (3) to evaluate the effect on allometric models of forest type classifications as determinants of above-ground biomass variation. The Brown et al. (1989) model for...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation
This is the second of two high-level, data-rich volumes from the massive Smithsonian/MAB Biological Diversity Program documenting the latest findings on forest biodiversity. In original contributions, some three hundred scientists from over forty countries discuss socioeconomic aspects, ecological monitoring and assessment, forest dynamics, growth trends, dry forests, species richness of woody regeneration and of vascular plants, hurricane impact, tropical cloud forests, Landsat-TM satellite mapping, and quantitative ethnobotany. The book covers first the research and monitoring methodologies for the New World and then the results of individual research and integrated studies on all aspects of forest biodiversity...
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