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Phase I of the Pool 8 Islands Habitat Rehabilitation and Enhancement Project (HREP) was designed to improve habitat for fish and waterfowl in an area enclosed by a U-shaped system of islands (Horseshoe Island, river miles 684- 688). The Phase I project included closure of inlets at the upstream end of Horseshoe Island in the summer of 1989. Since July 1988, the Wisconsin Field Station of the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program for the Upper Mississippi River System has been monitoring water quality (current velocity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, Secchi disk transparency, and specific conductance) at one permanent sampling station within the study area enclosed by Horseshoe Island. Three additional...
The frequency and severity of flooding in the Upper Mississippi River Basin is influenced by three major factors: the amount and timing of precipitation, the condition of the basin's stream channels and floodplains, and the timing and rate of storm water conveyance off the watershed, which is a function of soil condition, extent of impervious surface, vegetation density, and other factors. To the extent that changing precipitation patterns result from human-caused changes in the global climate, this factor can be addressed through international efforts to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. Careful planning and design can provide some control over the condition of channels, floodplains, and watersheds. The primary...
The geographic information system pilot project on Pool 13 of the Upper Mississippi River System was initiated to evaluate system-wide application of various methods of capturing, processing and converting resource data. Classification schemes were developed for two data themes: land cover/land use (vegetation) and aquatic areas. Evaluation of 1:15,000 scale aerial photography indicated that (1) color infrared transparencies were essential for accurately mapping major vegetation classes and vegetation units less than 1 acre; (2) color infrared prints were essential for field work (delineating work areas on the photos and identifying in the field; (3) true color (Ektachrome) transparencies and prints were not useful...
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OGC WFS Layer,
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OGC WMS Service
Movement of recreational boats in a waterway such as the Upper Mississippi River System (UMRS) may generate waves of sufficient degree to impact the river biota and the stability of the shorelines. A research project aiming to determine the characteristics of waves generated by recreational craft within the UMPS has been completed, and this is the first of a two-part paper that presents results. Part II presents the results of uncontrolled movement. To meet the objectives of the project, 246 controlled runs were made with 12 different boats at two sites, one on the Illinois River and the other on the Mississippi River. Data from this study indicated that recreational boats can generate from 4 to 40 waves per event,...
The conventional approach to maintaining biological diversity generally has been to proceed species by species and threat by threat. We suggest that piecemeal approaches are not adequate by themselves to address the accelerating extinction crisis and, furthermore, they contribute to an unpredictable ecological and economic environment. Here, we describe a methodology called Gap Analysis, which identifies the gaps in representation of biological diversity (biodiversity) in areas managed exclusively or primarily for the long-term maintenance of populations of native species and natural ecosystems (hereinafter referred to as biodiversity management areas). Once identified, gaps are filled through new reserve acquisitions...
The Finger Lakes Habitat Rehabilitation and Enhancement Project(HREP) is intended to improve winter habitat conditions for fish in a series of interconnected backwater lakes of the Mississippi River near Alma, Wisconsin. Winter habitat requirements (temperature, flow velocity, and dissolved oxygen) for the target fish population in the Finger Lakes have been defined and limnologcal efforts have been aimed at quantifying the spatial-temporal patterns and interrelationships among water movement, oxygen, and temperature. The progress to date (pre-construction) has included detailed investigations into (1) system hydrology (including dye-tracer studies), (2) oxygen supply and depletion, (3) temperature regime, (4) aquatic...
The bathymetric and bed material characteristics of Pool 19 on the Mississippi River have been analyzed and presented in this report. These data are illustrated and described at 13 main channel, 2 side channel, 1 tributary mouth, 1 island cross channel, and several spot locations in side channels. The river was traced from river mile 410.0 in the tailwater below Lock and Dam 18 to river mile 364.5 just upstream of Lock and Dam 19 and the power plant at Keokuk, Iowa. More detail was given for several areas where habitat succession is taking place as sedimentation raises the bed near enough to the water surface so that rooted macrophytes can become established and survive floods and winter ice cover. Both the plan...
The longitudinal and transverse components of flow velocity, as well as the normal and tangential stresses, must be expected to fluctuate with time and space when flow at a high Reynolds number moves between fixed boundaries. Although these nonperiodic fluctuations are generally secondary in magnitude compared to the mean motion, they have profound effects on properties of the primary mean motion. Scientists from the Illinois State Water Survey are involved in collecting and analyzing detailed velocity data from the Illinois and Mississippi Rivers using 2-D electromagnetic current meters. The goal of the present research is to understand and evaluate the turbulent structure in natural river systems, especially near...
The Mississippi River System, including the Ohio, Illinois, and Missouri Rivers, has been modified for use by commercial traffic. Tows with barges, including those transporting to the Great Lakes System, are used to transport commodities up and down the river. Barges moving on the Mississippi River System normally have a draft of 9 feet, a width of 35 feet, and a length of 195 feet. Usually barge configuration on the Upper Mississippi River System (UMRS) consists of a system of 5 barges tied together and moving 3 abreast. This results in a planform surface area of 975 square feet. Average speed of the barges varies from about 3.5 mph to about 11 mph. Research was conducted on the UMRS to determine the physical impacts...
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Louisville District, conducted a pilot application of Navigation Predictive Analysis Technique (NAVPAT), a model for assessing incremental environmental effects of commercial navigation traffic on main channel Upper Mississippi River Pool 13. Upper Mississippi River Pool 13 was divided into units of similar habitat. Seasonal changes in stage and discharge were included. River reaches were described, including analysis of banks, mapping of depths and substrate, and measurement of water velocity. The needed economic data were developed from 1989 actual usage of Lock 13 (44 million tons). Two traffic scenarios, 44 and 88 million tons, were developed for the Pool 13 application. Each...
Ecosystem management requires a more holistic approach than the focused practices of the past. Wildlife management traditionally concentrated on maintenance of specific habitat types used by a limited number of wildlife species. An ecosystem approach demands that managers take a broader view of the landscape, beyond political boundaries, and necessitates an understanding of the interrelationships among not only the wildlife and habitat components but also the human component of the ecosystem. Geographic information systems and remote sensing technologies provide tools for resource managers to use in analyzing ecosystems, allowing the manager to visualize and quantify the available information. Three case studies...
Moisture content, bulk density, and organic content of surficial sediments were estimated with a penetrometer in Navigation Pools 4 and 8 of the Upper Mississippi River during 1994 and 1995. Mean moisture content of sediment was low in both Pool 4 (39%, SD = 15.0%) and Pool 8 (34%, SD = 13.7%), suggesting that soft, fine sediments are uncommon in these pools. Sediment in much of the off-channel habitat was found to have similarly low moisture content. Sediment in small backwaters was particularly low in moisture content, although areas with sediment moisture content greater than 70% were found in small backwaters. Sediment in the large backwaters of Pool 4 was similar to sediment in the small backwaters of Pools...
Net sedimentation rates were obtained for backwaters of the Upper Mississippi River in Pools 4, 8, and 13 by measuring annual bed elevation changes along transects between 1997 and 2001. Average sedimentation rates (cmּyr�1) during the 5-yr period were lower than most previously reported rates in backwaters of the River, with means of –0.08 (standard error [SE] = 0.18) in Pool 4, 0.21 (SE = 0.10) in Pool 8, and 0.47 (SE = 0.26) in Pool 13.�Poolwide estimated mean sedimentation rates in the terrestrial areas adjacent to backwaters appeared higher, ranging from 0.32 (SE = 0.14) to 0.78 (SE = 0.25) cmּyr�1, but were not significantly different than rates in aquatic areas.�When averaged over the study period, sedimentation...
Since 1991, the Illinois Natural History Survey has operated the Great Rivers Field Station, one of six field stations associated with the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program (LTRMP) of the Upper Mississippi River Restoration Environmental Management Program. This bulletin presents detailed findings for water quality and fish monitoring from 1994 to 2004 in Pool 26 of the Upper Mississippi River System (UMRS) collected and analyzed by scientists at the Great Rivers Field Station. We present this information with the goals of 1) demonstrating the value of these data for management of the natural resources of the UMRS, 2) to serve as an easily accessible vehicle for persons searching for information on environmental...
In 1992, macroinvertebrate sampling was initiated in Pools 4, 8, 13, 26, the Open River reach of the Mississippi River, and La Grange Pool of the Illinois River as part of the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program. Longterm monitoring is needed to detect population trends and local changes in aquatic ecosystems. Mayflies (Ephemeroptera), fingernail clams (Sphaeriidae), and the exotic Corbicula species were selected for monitoring. Midges (Chironomidae) were added to the sampling design in 1993 and zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) were added in 1995. Mayflies, fingernail clams, and midges, members of the soft-substrate community, were chosen because they play an important ecological role in the Upper Mississippi...
The purpose of this report was to determine the feasibility of obtaining estimates of the concentrations of suspended solids in 1300 miles of the Upper Mississippi River System using remote sensing. The report includes: 1) a review of measured concentrations of suspended solids in different portions of the system. 2) a literature search of the spectral characteristics of suspended solids in water bodies in the laboratory and field and the use of remote sensing for qualitative and quantitative estimation of suspended solids in water bodies; and 3) the steps necessary to initiate a study to obtain estimates of error which would be needed because of the length and diversity of the Upper Mississippi River System.
As part of the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program (LTRMP) macroinvertebrate component, historical sites (sites where benthic samples were previously collected by other researchers) were sampled in 1992 through 1998. Historical data on densities of the taxa were obtained from published literature and compared to data collected by the LTRMP. Temporal trends and spatial distribution in the abundance of mayflies (Ephemeroptera) and fingernail clams (Sphaeriidae) were examined in Navigation Pools 4, 8, 13, 26, and the Open River reach of the Mississippi River and La Grange Pool of the Illinois River.
Many aquatic snails occupy ephemeral habitats that are occasionally subjected to severe environmental conditions. To investigate the physiological capacity of these animals to resist extreme environmental changes, we aerially exposed pond snails (Physella integra) to temperatures of 5�C and 20�C for 6, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 hours. Survivorship varied with temperature and exposure times. At 20�C, survivorship was 0% for snails aerially exposed for 24 hours or longer. At 5�C, 0% survivorship was attained at 60 hours exposure. Sensitivity to aerial exposure was related to shell size of individuals, with larger specimens (shell length greater than 7 mm) significantly more likely to survive exposure than smaller...
This manual is based on the Geographic Resources Analysis and Statistical System (GRASS) version 4.0 running on a Sun SPARC workstation. All the commands described in this manual (GRASS or UNIX) can be used from within GRASS. There is no need to exit GRASS but use of other command tool windows may increase work speed. The user must be in GRASS to execute GRASS-oriented shellscripts.
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