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Heavy rains in November of 1993 caused extensive flooding of the upstream portions of Carlyle Lake, a 26,000 acre impoundment on the Kaskaskia River. Nine species of reptiles and amphibians were displaced by this flood event. Species found displaced included six species of anura, Acris crepitans blanchardi, Bufo americanus, B. woodhousii fowleri, Hyla versicolor complex, Pseudacris triseriata, and Rana sphenocephala; one species of salamander, Ambystoma texanum; and two species of snake, Storeria dekayi wrightorum and Thamnophis sirtalis. We found no evidence of mortality directly attributable to late fall displacement. Because mobility of the displaced animals was limited by low temperatures, predation may be an...
Analysis of water level elevations and discharges was performed for Pool 25 on the Upper Mississippi River as part of a study to increase ecological benefits of the operation of Lock and Dam 25. This dam was placed in operation in May 1939. Since that time, the operating plan for managing water levels has undergone several changes. Discharges for Pool 25 were estimated using data from the closest gaging stations, with corrections accounting for changes in watershed area. Discharge estimates since 1939 were used to compute exceedence frequencies on a weekly, monthly, and yearly basis. They were also used to calculate the percentage of time discharges were within specified ranges for the three time scales. Water level...
Net rates of sediment accumulation were measured as changes in bed elevation along selected backwater transects during several time intervals between 1989 and 1996. The average net rate of accumulation was found to be lower than previously reported for the Upper Mississippi River. Mean rates (in centimeters per year) the transects surveyed were 0.29 for Pool 4, 0.12 for Pool 8, and 0.80 for Pool 13. Rates were highly variable among transects with standard deviations (in centimeters per year) of 1.14 in Pool 4, 0.55 in Pool 8, and 1.45 in Pool 13. All three study pools had transects with net erosion and transects with net sedimentation. Accumulation rates were variable along transects as well, with most transects...
Large beds of Vallisneria americana declined in the backwaters of the Upper Mississippi River after a drought that occurred between 1987 and 1989. One hypothesis for this decline is that low light availability may have decreased net photosynthesis to the extent that overwintering tubers were not formed. Following the decline, light availability remained low. To determine what light levels would be necessary for the re-establishment of Vallisneria in the Upper Mississippi River, the long-term growth of plants in a backwater lake and in an experimental pond was measured while the surface and subsurface light were monitored continuously. Plants grown from tubers transplanted to 0�5, 1�0, and 1�5 m depth in the lake...
A recent (1988-1991) decline of Vallisneria americana Michx. (wildcelery) in Lake Onalaska, Wisconsin, prompted coordinated laboratory and field studies to evaluate the capacity of different sediments in the lake to support Vallisneria growth. Two sites were selected that formerly supported Vallisneria beds but differed in hydrologic patterns and sediment characteristics. Sediment from Site 1 (the protected site) was predominantly fine-textured, with a silt-clay particle fraction of 77 percent; sediment from Site 2 (the unprotected/open water site) contained 79 percent coarse-grained sand. In the laboratory study, production and morphology of Vallisneria were examined on nonamended sediments from each site and on...
The Long Term Resource Monitoring Program (LTRMP) of the Upper Mississippi River System (UMRS) conducts highly standardized monitoring of fishes in Pools 4, 8, 13, and 26, in a segment of the unimpounded Mississippi River, and in the La Grange Pool of the Illinois River. The mission of the LTRMP is to provide decision makers with information for managing the UMRS as a sustainable large river ecosystem given its multiple-use character. In this report I summarize the initial 5 years of fish monitoring by the LTRMP. This report documents temporal variability that will be critical to interpretation of future events and trends (consistent temporal changes), and documents important spatial patterns. Because 5 years of...
Remedial measures have been used by the Environmental Management Program (EMP) to restore and enhance aquatic habitat at a variety of locations on the Upper Mississippi River System. While habitat modeling indicates a significant gain in habitat utility for riverine species, field verification of direct use of the newly created habitat by targeted organisms is rarely done. This project attempted to quantify waterfowl and wading bird use at a series of potholes created at Potters Marsh in Upper Mississippi River, Pool 13. Waterfowl consistently used the potholes during March July 1996, with nearly 80% of the use during the spring migration. Nesting and brooding activity in the vicinity of the potholes was minimal...
I compared the taxonomic composition and biomass of aquatic macrophytes observed during 1975 and 1991 in Navigation Pool No. 8 of the upper Mississippi River. In 1991 aquatic vegetation and sediment samples were collected from contiguous backwater, isolated backwater, and impounded habitat types. Depth was also measured in each habitat, and all data were compared to a 1975 database established for the same sites. I observed declines in frequency of occurrence, richness, and biomass of vegetation between the two years. About 50% of the samples collected in 1991 had no vegetation compared to 20% in 1975. The greatest difference in frequency of occurrence was among submergent taxa (77% in 1975 and 31% in 1991), whereas...
The Long Term Resource Monitoring Program (LTRMP) completed 2,221 collections of fishes from stratified random and permanently fixed sampling locations in six study reaches of the Upper Mississippi River System during 1992. Collection methods included day and night electrofishing, hoop netting, fyke netting (two net sizes), gill netting, seining, and trawling in select aquatic area classes. The six LTRMP study areas are Pools 4 (excluding Lake Pepin), 8, 13, and 26 of the Upper Mississippi River, an unimpounded reach of the Mississippi River near Cape Girardeau, Missouri, and the La Grange Pool of the Illinois River. A total of 56–70 fish species were detected in each study area. For each of the six LTRMP study...
Little is known about the population dynamics of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides in temperate large river floodplain ecosystems. However, the hydrological regimes in these systems are often similar to those of large reservoirs where fluctuating water levels during spawning have been shown to affect largemouth bass population dynamics. Most backwater lakes of the Illinois River have soft, silty substrates. These substrates are not conducive to nest building, so spawning centrarchids may use annual spring floods to access inundated terrestrial vegetation and previously dry, compacted substrates on the floodplain. We used electrofishing catch data from La Grange Reach of the Illinois River (1990 1995) to assess...
Aquatic vegetation of the Upper Mississippi River System is monitored as part of the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program. This report summarizes the 1991 effort of monitoring submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV) along transects permanently established in vegetated locations in four navigation pools of the Upper Mississippi River and one navigation pool of the Illinois River. Seventeen species of submersed aquatic plants were found along transects in Pools 4, 8, 13, 26, and La Grange Pool. The highest number of submersed aquatic plant species found in any one pool was 16 in Pool 4 and the lowest number was 6 in La Grange Pool. Coon's tail (Ceratophyllum demersum) and sago pondweed (Potamogeton pectinatus) were the...
The Long Term Resource Monitoring Program (LTRMP) completed 2,653 collections of fishes from stratified random and permanently fixed sampling locations in six study reaches of the Upper Mississippi River System during 1991. Collection methods included day and night electrofishing, hoop netting, fyke netting (two net sizes), gill netting, seining, and trawling in select aquatic area classes. The six LTRMP study reaches are Pools 4 (excluding Lake Pepin), 8, 13, and 26 of the Upper Mississippi River, an unimpounded reach of the Mississippi River near Cape Girardeau, Missouri and the La Grange Pool of the Illinois River. A total of 61 79 fish species were detected in each study reach. For each of the six LTRMP study...
This study was designed to assess whether fi sh community data collected for the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program (LTRMP) from six regional trend analysis (RTA) areas of the Upper Mississippi River System (UMRS) can be used to make inferences to the system as a whole. Spatial coverage of fi sh monitoring for three LTRMP fi eld stations was extended to "outpools" immediately above and below RTA pools 4 and 13 and the Open River Reach from June 15 to October 31, 2000. Also, we sampled Navigation Pools 19 and 20 using LTRMP electrofi shing methodology in September 2000. Multivariate statistical analyses were used to group pools on the basis of fi sh community composition and community structure. Cluster analysis...
This report presents a broad overview of spatial and temporal variation in the water quality of the Upper Mississippi River System (UMRS). The Long Term Resource Monitoring Program (LTRMP) provides a systemic perspective through the collection and analysis of monitoring data from six study reaches representing the upper, lower, and open river reaches of the UMRS (Upper Mississippi River: Pools 4, 8, 13, and 26, Open River [near Cape Girardeau, Missouri]; Illinois River: La Grange Pool). This report presents data from 1993 to 2001 (or 2002 when available) and focuses on spring and summer conditions. Water quality constituents (e.g., turbidity, suspended solids, chlorophyll, nutrients, and dissolved oxygen) varied...
Variation in community composition (presence/absence data) and structure (relative abundance) of Upper Mississippi River fishes was assessed using data from the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program collected from 1994 to 2002. Community composition of fishes varied more in space than through time. We found substantial variation in community composition across two spatial scales: large-scale differences between upper and lower river reaches and small-scale differences among individual regional trend areas (RTA). Community structure (relative abundance data) of fishes also varied more through space than through time. We found substantial variation in fish community structure at three spatial scales: (1) large-scale...
The Long Term Resource Monitoring Program (LTRMP) completed collections of fish from stratified random sampling and permanently fixed-site sampling in six study areas of the Upper Mississippi River System. Collection methods included day electrofishing, hoop netting (small and large), fyke netting (two net sizes), and bottom trawling in selected aquatic area classes. The six LTRMP study areas are Pools 4 (excluding Lake Pepin), 8, 13, and 26 and Open River (an unimpounded reach near Cape Girardeau, Missouri) of the Upper Mississippi River, and La Grange Pool of the Illinois River. For each of the six LTRMP study areas, this report contains summaries by year of (1) sampling efforts for each combination of gear type...
The potential use of aquatic macrophytes as a bioindicator of the health of the Upper Mississippi River was assessed by analysis of submersed aquatic vegetation and water quality data collected through the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program (LTRMP) in Upper Mississippi River Pools 4, 8, and 13. Data from the main channel border and side channel strata were used because these strata are conducive to rapid data collection and are more susceptible to tributary influences than backwaters. Several aquatic macrophyte attributes were calculated by use of the LTRMP data set. These included percent frequency; relative frequency of exotic, sensitive, and tolerant species; plant abundance; species richness; Simpson’s Index...
The GIS technology revolution has come full circle for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. In the late 1970s, the National Ecology Research Center initiated some of the boldest developments of that time by providing training and software support. Their efforts helped launch several federal and state agencies into a unified system of use and applications of GIS. Today, many Service facilities are utilizing GIS technology for a wide range of applications. Offices such as the Environmental Management Technical Center (EMTC) have developed state-of-the-art GIS technology centers. The EMTC GIS facility supports scientists studying the dynamics of the Nation's largest river, the Mississippi. Cause-and-effect relationships...
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