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The 35-year-long Puʻuʻōʻō eruption, on the East Rift Zone of Kīlauea Volcano, was the longest volcanic eruption on the Island of Hawaiʻi in the past 100 years (Wright and Klein 2014; Mulliken and others 2023). The eruption, whose vent area was focused at and around Puʻuʻōʻō cone, produced episodic fountaining in its initial few years followed by decades of effusive activity that created an expansive lava flow field (Heliker and Mattox 2003; Orr and others 2015). While vents erupted on the flank of the cone, the activity within the cone’s crater often consisted of lava lakes, lava flows, and small spattering hornitos (Heliker and Mattox 2003; Heliker and others 2003). The crater also experienced several cycles of...
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Water chemistry data from: Young, H.W., Parliman, D.J. and Mariner, R.H., 1988. Chemical and hydrologic data for selected thermal-water wells and nonthermal springs in the Boise Area, southwesten Idaho: US Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-471, 35p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr88471. Water chemistry data was digitized for 29 samples. Reported attributes include: Type, Collection date, Reported location, State, County, Latitude, Longitude, Location resolution, Location error, Well depth, Temperature, pH, Boron (B), Calcium (Ca), Chloride (Cl), Fluoride (F), Alkalinity as bicarbonate (HCO3), Potassium (K), Lithium (Li), Magnesium (Mg), Total nitrogen (N total), Sodium (Na), Total phosphorus (P total),...
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The 1983-2018 Puʻuʻōʻō eruption, on the East Rift Zone of Kīlauea volcano, consisted of many different episodes and several phases of lava flows threatening residential areas (Heliker and Mattox 2003; Orr and others 2015). One of these crises occurred in 2014-2015, when lava erupting from Puʻuʻōʻō advanced north of the rift zone, towards the town of Pāhoa (Poland and others 2016; Brantley and others 2019). This slow-moving crisis unfolded over approximately four months, as pāhoehoe lava gradually flowed towards the town. In the end, the lava flow fortunately stalled at the edge of the residential area, destroying only one home. During the crisis, geologists at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Hawaiian Volcano...
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In the late evening of November 27, 2022, an effusive eruption began inside Mokuʻāweoweo caldera at the summit of Mauna Loa volcano. Within a few hours, lava had covered most of the caldera floor, and several fissures just outside caldera sent short lava flows up to 3 kilometers (2 miles) to the southwest. Later in the morning of November 28, summit effusion ceased and the eruption moved into the volcano's Northeast Rift Zone. Several rift zone fissures were initially active, but by November 30 effusion had focused at a vent known as fissure 3. For another 10 days, fissure 3 fountained and fed lava flows that eventually stretched 18 kilometers (11 miles) to the north, threatening but not reaching the Daniel K. Inouye...
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In the late evening of November 27, 2022, an effusive eruption began inside Mokuʻāweoweo caldera at the summit of Mauna Loa volcano. Within a few hours, lava had covered most of the caldera floor, and several fissures just outside caldera sent short lava flows up to 3 kilometers (2 miles) to the southwest. Later in the morning of November 28, summit effusion ceased and the eruption moved into the volcano's Northeast Rift Zone. Several rift zone fissures were initially active, but by November 30 effusion had focused at a vent known as fissure 3. For another 10 days, fissure 3 fountained and fed lava flows that eventually stretched 18 kilometers (11 miles) to the north, threatening but not reaching the Daniel K. Inouye...
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The 2.1 Ma Clear Lake Volcanic Field (Donnelly-Nolan and others, 1981) and the 174 km2 Clear Lake are located ~150 km north of San Francisco, California. Sulphur Bank Mercury Mine (SBMM) is an abandoned mine located on the eastern shore of Clear Lake that was initially worked in 1865 for sulfur, then for mercury until it closed in 1957 (White and Roberson, 1962). The mine was declared a Superfund site by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in 1990 because of the presence of mercury-bearing mine waste and mercury bioaccumulation in fish within Clear Lake. SBMM is underlain by a localized, fault-controlled, liquid-dominated hydrothermal system (Goff and others, 1995). Hydrothermal gases are rich in CO2 with a...
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A laser rangefinder was used to record debris flows at Cascades volcanoes and an experimental debris flow flume. Mass movements such as large lahars and smaller seasonal debris flows can occur at volcanoes in the Cascades. A combination of seismic, infrasound, tripwires, and webcams can be used to detect and characterize these flows. A laser rangefinder can be placed on the banks of the drainages and pointed towards the channel as a low power, low bandwidth piece of equipment to confirm increases in flow past the station. This can serve as another piece of evidence for flows and may be able to be incoporated into future alarm systems to improve their accuracy and performance. A laser rangefinder was deployed for...
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A laser rangefinder was used to record debris flows at Cascades volcanoes and an experimental debris flow flume. Mass movements such as large lahars and smaller seasonal debris flows can occur at volcanoes in the Cascades. A combination of seismic, infrasound, tripwires, and webcams can be used to detect and characterize these flows. A laser rangefinder can be placed on the banks of the drainages and pointed towards the channel as a low power, low bandwidth piece of equipment to confirm increases in flow past the station. This can serve as another piece of evidence for flows and may be able to be incoporated into future alarm systems to improve their accuracy and performance. A laser rangefinder was deployed for...
A laser rangefinder was used to record surficial mass movements at Cascades volcanoes and an experimental debris flow flume. Mass movements such as large lahars and smaller seasonal debris flows can occur at volcanoes in the Cascades. A combination of seismic, infrasound, tripwires, and webcams can be used to detect and characterize these flows. A laser rangefinder can be placed on the banks of the drainages and pointed towards the channel as a low power, low bandwidth piece of equipment to confirm increases in flow past the station. This can serve as another piece of evidence for flows and may be able to be incoporated into future alarm systems to improve their accuracy and performance.
Tiltmeter data from Kīlauea stations (ESC, IKI, JKA, KAE, POC, SDH, SMC, UWE) from January 1 to December 31, 2022. These data were collected in 2022 by Andria P. Ellis of the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory.
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The 2022 eruption of Mauna Loa volcano, Island of Hawaiʻi, was the first eruption on the volcano since 1984, producing a 17 km lava flow that threatened a major highway (Mulliken and others 2024; Zoeller and others 2024). The eruption began with lava fountaining in the summit caldera (Mokuʻāweoweo) at 23:21 HST on November 27, transitioning to vents on the Northeast Rift Zone (NERZ) by the next morning. The dominant vent on the NERZ—fissure 3—was active for about 13 days, sending a lava flow to the north that stalled within 3 km of Daniel K. Inouye Highway. The eruption ended on December 10, having covered a section of the Mauna Loa Observatory Road but otherwise causing no major damage. During the eruption,...
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An intrusion into Kīlauea’s upper East Rift Zone during June 17–19, 2007, during the 1983–2018 Pu‘u‘ō‘ō eruption, led to widespread ground cracking and a small (~1,525 m3) eruption on the northeast flank of the Kānenuiohamo cone, about 6 km upslope from the Pu‘u‘ō‘ō vent. Transmitted and induced very-low-frequency (VLF) magnetic fields were measured with a handheld VLF receiver along transects spanning the dike trace, and zones of ground cracking related to the intrusion were mapped. This dataset records the density and vesicularity of selected lava and tephra samples collected from the June 2007 Father's Day eruption site. The density of the basalt erupted was determined by measuring the weight of spatter and lava...
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The catastrophic, explosive eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington, on May 18, 1980, is the most well-known eruption of the volcano. Less well known is the May 18th eruption marked the beginning of a period of eruptive activity that lasted through 1986. From October 1980 through October 1986, a series of 17 dome-building episodes added millions of cubic meters of lava to the crater floor. Most of the growth occurred when magma extruded onto the surface of the dome, forming short (650 to 1,300 feet), thick (65 to 130 feet) lava flows. This data release is a 1-meter resolution digital elevation model (DEM) and a corresponding hillshade raster derived from a previously unpublished 1:2,000 scale topographic contour...
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Samples of silicified wood remnants from 8 trees were collected under research permit YELL-SCI-8030 on June 17, 2023, and on September 19, 2023 adjacent to Artemisia Geyser in the Upper Geyser Basin of Yellowstone National Park. Samples were collected for radiocarbon (14C) dating of the wood to determine when the trees grew. Trees do not grow on active geyser mounds (Hurwitz and others, 2020, 2024) and therefore, trees grew around Artemisia Geyser during a protracted period of eruption quiescence. The study of silicified trees at Artemisia Geyser follows similar studies at Old Faithful Geyser in the Upper Geyser Basin (Hurwitz and others, 2020) and at Steamboat Geyser in Norris Geyser Basin (Hurwitz and others,...
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A limited suite of samples for the 2020–2023 Kīlauea eruptions within Kaluapele (the summit caldera) were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey’s Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) field teams from within a publicly closed area of Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park in cooperation with the National Park Service. This data release presents sample metadata, whole rock ED-XRF, whole rock WD-XRF, whole rock LA-ICP-MS, glass EPMA, glass LA-ICP-MS, leachate, and isotope data for these samples.
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In the late evening of November 27, 2022, an effusive eruption began inside Mokuʻāweoweo caldera at the summit of Mauna Loa volcano. Within a few hours, lava had covered most of the caldera floor, and several fissures just outside caldera sent short lava flows up to 3 kilometers (2 miles) to the southwest. Later in the morning of November 28, summit effusion ceased and the eruption moved into the volcano's Northeast Rift Zone. Several rift zone fissures were initially active, but by November 30 effusion had focused at a vent known as fissure 3. For another 10 days, fissure 3 fountained and fed lava flows that eventually stretched 18 kilometers (11 miles) to the north, threatening but not reaching the Daniel K. Inouye...
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In the late evening of November 27, 2022, an effusive eruption began inside Mokuʻāweoweo caldera at the summit of Mauna Loa volcano. Within a few hours, lava had covered most of the caldera floor, and several fissures just outside caldera sent short lava flows up to 3 kilometers (2 miles) to the southwest. Later in the morning of November 28, summit effusion ceased and the eruption moved into the volcano's Northeast Rift Zone. Several rift zone fissures were initially active, but by November 30 effusion had focused at a vent known as fissure 3. For another 10 days, fissure 3 fountained and fed lava flows that eventually stretched 18 kilometers (11 miles) to the north, threatening but not reaching the Daniel K. Inouye...
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In the late evening of November 27, 2022, an effusive eruption began inside Mokuʻāweoweo caldera at the summit of Mauna Loa volcano. Within a few hours, lava had covered most of the caldera floor, and several fissures just outside caldera sent short lava flows up to 3 kilometers (2 miles) to the southwest. Later in the morning of November 28, summit effusion ceased and the eruption moved into the volcano's Northeast Rift Zone. Several rift zone fissures were initially active, but by November 30 effusion had focused at a vent known as fissure 3. For another 10 days, fissure 3 fountained and fed lava flows that eventually stretched 18 kilometers (11 miles) to the north, threatening but not reaching the Daniel K. Inouye...
map background search result map search result map Simplified Cascades Volcano Hazard Zones PRELIMINARY_WFL1 Water chemistry; Boise, Idaho; 1988: Young et al., 1988 Digital elevation model of the lava dome in the crater of Mount St. Helens, November 12, 1986 Stochastic lava flow forecasting code used during the 2014-2015 Pāhoa lava flow crisis, Kīlauea Volcano, Island of Hawai‘i Carbon dioxide flux measurements at and adjacent to the Sulphur Bank Mercury Mine, Clear Lake Volcanic Field, California Timelapse and webcam images of the 2022 eruption of Mauna Loa, Island of Hawaiʻi Laser Rangefinder Data for Surficial Mass Movements in the Cascades Laser Rangefinder Data for Surficial Mass Movements in the Cascades: USGS Debris Flow Flume 2023 Laser Rangefinder Data for Surficial Mass Movements in the Cascades: Mount Rainier 2023 Appendix C - Density and vesicularity data for selected lava and tephra samples from the June 2007 Father's Day eruption site, Kīlauea Volcano Dataset establishing shallow storage of the explosive Earthquake Flat Pyroclastics magma body, Okataina Volcanic Center, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand: evidence from phase-equilibria experiments Mauna Loa 2022 summit and Northeast Rift Zone eruption — fissure lines Mauna Loa 2022 summit and Northeast Rift Zone eruption — lava flow chronology polygons Mauna Loa 2022 summit and Northeast Rift Zone eruption — lava flow footprint Mauna Loa 2022 summit and Northeast Rift Zone eruption — November 30, 2022 Northeast Rift Zone fissure 4 lava flow thermal map Mauna Loa 2022 summit and Northeast Rift Zone eruption — December 7, 2022 upper lava flow channel thermal map Sample details and near-real-time ED-XRF data collected during the 2020-2023 Halema‘uma‘u eruptions of Kīlauea volcano, Island of Hawaiʻi Radiocarbon dating of silicified wood from around Artemisia Geyser in the Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park Carbon dioxide flux measurements at and adjacent to the Sulphur Bank Mercury Mine, Clear Lake Volcanic Field, California Digital elevation model of the lava dome in the crater of Mount St. Helens, November 12, 1986 Mauna Loa 2022 summit and Northeast Rift Zone eruption — December 7, 2022 upper lava flow channel thermal map Mauna Loa 2022 summit and Northeast Rift Zone eruption — November 30, 2022 Northeast Rift Zone fissure 4 lava flow thermal map Sample details and near-real-time ED-XRF data collected during the 2020-2023 Halema‘uma‘u eruptions of Kīlauea volcano, Island of Hawaiʻi Appendix C - Density and vesicularity data for selected lava and tephra samples from the June 2007 Father's Day eruption site, Kīlauea Volcano Radiocarbon dating of silicified wood from around Artemisia Geyser in the Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park Mauna Loa 2022 summit and Northeast Rift Zone eruption — fissure lines Laser Rangefinder Data for Surficial Mass Movements in the Cascades: USGS Debris Flow Flume 2023 Water chemistry; Boise, Idaho; 1988: Young et al., 1988 Mauna Loa 2022 summit and Northeast Rift Zone eruption — lava flow chronology polygons Mauna Loa 2022 summit and Northeast Rift Zone eruption — lava flow footprint Timelapse and webcam images of the 2022 eruption of Mauna Loa, Island of Hawaiʻi Laser Rangefinder Data for Surficial Mass Movements in the Cascades: Mount Rainier 2023 Stochastic lava flow forecasting code used during the 2014-2015 Pāhoa lava flow crisis, Kīlauea Volcano, Island of Hawai‘i Dataset establishing shallow storage of the explosive Earthquake Flat Pyroclastics magma body, Okataina Volcanic Center, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand: evidence from phase-equilibria experiments Simplified Cascades Volcano Hazard Zones PRELIMINARY_WFL1