Folders: ROOT > ScienceBase Catalog > Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center > Environmental Geochemistry and Wetland Science > Blue Carbon and Coastal Carbon Studies ( Show direct descendants )
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ROOT _ScienceBase Catalog __Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center ___Environmental Geochemistry and Wetland Science ____Blue Carbon and Coastal Carbon Studies Filters
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This dataset is the largest global dataset to date of soil respiration, moisture, and temperature measurements, totaling >3800 observations representing 27 temperature manipulation studies, spanning nine biomes and nearly two decades of warming experiments. Data for this study were obtained from a combination of unpublished data and published literature values. We find that although warming increases soil respiration rates, there is limited evidence for a shifting respiration response with experimental warming. We also note a universal decline in the temperature sensitivity of respiration at soil temperatures >25°C. This dataset includes 3817 observations, from control (n=1812), first (i.e., lowest or sole) level...
Categories: Data,
Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Boreal Forest,
Desert,
Ecology,
Meadow,
Northern Shrubland,
The accretion history of fringing salt marshes located on the south shore of Cape Cod is reconstructed from sediment cores collected in low and high marsh vegetation zones. These marshes are micro-tidal, with a mean tidal range of 0.442 m. Their location within protected embayments and the absence of large rivers results in minimal sediment supply and a dominance of organic matter contributions to sediment peat. Age models based on 210-lead and 137-cesium are constructed to evaluate how vertical accretion and carbon burial rates have changed over the past century. The continuous rate of supply age model was used to age date 11 cores (10 low marsh and 1 high marsh) across four salt marshes. Both vertical accretion...
Categories: Data;
Tags: 137-cesium,
210-lead,
Barnstable County,
Cape Cod,
Commonwealth of Massachusetts,
Coastal wetlands are major global carbon sinks, however, they are heterogeneous and dynamic ecosystems. To characterize spatial and temporal variability in a New England salt marsh, static chamber measurements of greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes were compared among major plant-defined zones (high marsh dominated by Distichlis spicata and a zone of invasive Phragmites australis) during 2013 and 2014 growing seasons. Two sediment cores were collected in 2015 from the Phragmites zone to support previously reported core collections from the high marsh sites (Gonneea and others 2018). Collected cores were up to 70 cm in length with dry bulk density ranges from 0.04 to 0.33 grams per cubic centimeter and carbon content 22.4%...
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: 137-cesium,
210-lead,
Cape Cod (606914),
Commonwealth of Massachusetts (606926),
Constant Rate of Supply (CRS) model,
The U.S. Geological Survey has deployed sensors in numerous natural and managed/altered wetland settings that continuously measure wetland porewater depth and elevation and, frequently, salinity. These environmental parameters are key drivers for wetland ecological and biogeochemical properties.
The Herring River estuary (Wellfleet, Cape Cod, Massachusetts) has been tidally restricted for over a century by a dike constructed near the mouth of the river. Behind the dike, the tidal restriction has caused the conversion of salt marsh wetlands to various other ecosystems including impounded freshwater marshes, flooded shrub land, drained forested upland, and wetlands dominated by Phragmites australis. This estuary is now managed by the National Park Service, and replacement of the existing dike has begun with the objective to restore tidal flow to the estuary. To assist National Park Service land managers with restoration planning and implementation, study collaborators have been investigating differences in...
Assessment of geochemical cycling within tidal wetlands and measurement of fluxes of dissolved and particulate constituents between wetlands and coastal water bodies are critical to evaluating ecosystem function, service, and status. The U.S. Geological Survey and collaborators collected surface water and porewater geochemical data from a tidal wetland located on the eastern shore of Sage Lot Pond in Mashpee, Massachusetts, within the Waquoit Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, between 2012 and 2019. Additional porewater geochemical and field data from a tidal wetland on the eastern shore of Great Pond in East Falmouth, MA are also included. These data can be used to evaluate biogeochemical conditions and cycling...
Categories: Data,
Data Release - Revised;
Tags: Climatology,
Environmental Health,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC)
The San Juan Bay Estuary, Puerto Rico, contains mangrove forests that store significant amounts of organic carbon in soils and biomass. There is a strong urbanization gradient across the estuary, from the highly urbanized and clogged Caño Martin Peña in the western part of the estuary, a series of lagoons in the center of the estuary, and a tropical forest reserve (Piñones) in the easternmost part with limited urbanization. We collected sediment cores to determine carbon burial rates and vertical sediment accretion from five sites in the San Juan Bay Estuary. Cores were radiometrically-dated using lead-210 and the Plum age model. Sites had soil C burial rates ranging from 50 grams per meter squared per year (g m-2...
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: 137-cesium,
210-lead,
Caño de Martín Peña (1613013),
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (1779808),
Geochemistry,
Extended time-series sensor data were collected between 2012 and 2016 in surface water of a tidal salt-marsh creek on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. The objective of this field study was to measure water chemical characteristics and flows, as part of a study to quantify lateral fluxes of dissolved carbon species between the salt marsh and estuary. Data consist of in-situ measurements including: salinity, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, redox potential, fluorescent dissolved organic matter, turbidity and chlorophyll. Surface water flow, water level and water elevation data were also measured. The data provided in this release represent a compiled data set consisting of multiple sensor deployments between 2012 and 2016.
Categories: Data,
Data Release - Revised;
Tags: Barnstable County,
Cape Cod,
Commonwealth of Massachusetts,
Falmouth,
Geochemistry,
The Herring River estuary in Wellfleet, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, has been tidally restricted for more than a century by a dike constructed near the mouth of the river. Upstream from the dike, the tidal restriction has caused the conversion of salt marsh wetlands to various other ecosystems including impounded freshwater marshes, flooded shrub land, drained forested upland, and brackish wetlands dominated by Phragmites australis. This estuary is now managed by the National Park Service, which plans to replace the aging dike and restore tidal flow to the estuary. To assist National Park Service land managers with restoration planning, the U.S. Geological Survey collected fourteen sediment cores from different ecosystems...
Categories: Data;
Tags: 137-cesium,
210-lead,
Barnstable County (606927),
Cape Cod (606914),
Cape Cod National Seashore (606900),
Saline tidal wetlands are important sites of carbon sequestration and produce negligible methane (CH4) emissions due to regular inundation with sulfate-rich seawater. Yet, widespread management of coastal hydrology has restricted vast areas of coastal wetlands to tidal exchange. These ecosystems often undergo impoundment and freshening, which in turn cause vegetation shifts like invasion by Phragmites, that affect ecosystem carbon balance. Understanding controls of carbon exchange in these understudied ecosystems is critical for informing climate consequences of blue carbon restoration and/or management interventions. Here we present measurements of net ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane, along...
Categories: Data Release - Revised;
Tags: Geochemistry,
carbon,
ecological processes,
ecology,
invasive species,
Nineteen sediment cores were collected from five salt marshes on the northern shore of Cape Cod where previously restricted tidal exchange was restored to part of the marshes. Cores were collected in duplicate from two locations within each marsh complex: one upstream and one downstream from the former tidal restriction (typically caused by an undersized culvert or a berm). The unaltered, natural downstream sites provide a comparison against the historically restricted upstream sites. The sampled cores represent a chronosequence of restoration occurring between 2001–10. Collected cores were up to 168 cm in length with dry bulk density ranging from 0.04 to 2.62 grams per cubic centimeter and carbon content 0.12 %...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Barnstable County (606927),
Bass Creek (617465),
Boat Meadow River (616844),
Cape Cod (606914),
Cape Cod Canal (619536),
Remote sensing based maps of tidal marshes, both of their extents and carbon stocks, have the potential to play a key role in conducting greenhouse gas inventories and implementing climate mitigation policies. Our objective was to generate a single remote sensing model of tidal marsh aboveground biomass and carbon that represents nationally diverse tidal marshes within the conterminous United States (CONUS). To meet this objective we developed the first national-scale dataset of aboveground tidal marsh biomass, species composition, and aboveground plant carbon content (%C) from six CONUS regions: Cape Cod, MA, Chesapeake Bay, MD, Everglades, FL, Mississippi Delta, LA, San Francisco Bay, CA, and Puget Sound, WA....
Categories: Data,
Data Release - Revised;
Tags: C-band synthetic aperture radar,
Cape Cod,
Carbon sequestration,
Chesapeake Bay,
Everglades National Park,
Salt marshes are environmental ecosystems that contribute to coastal landscape resiliency to storms and rising sea level. Ninety percent of mid-Atlantic and New England salt marshes have been impacted by parallel grid ditching that began in the 1920s–40s to control mosquito populations and to provide employment opportunities during the Great Depression (James-Pirri and others, 2009; Kennish, 2001). Continued alteration of salt marsh hydrology has had unintended consequences for salt marsh sustainability and ecosystem services. Great Barnstable Marsh (Barnstable, Cape Cod, Massachusetts) has areas of salt marsh that were ditched as well as natural areas. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) measured parameters for groundwater...
Since 2014, over 30 coastal wetland sediment cores of up to 1 meter in length have been collected across saltmarsh and mangrove ecosystems in the continental U.S. by USGS Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center’s (WHCMSC) staff led by M. Eagle. Extensive measurements of radioisotopes and elemental concentrations have resultied in cores with high resolution age-models and associated carbon and vertical accretion rates. Such data are used for a variety of purposes, including: 1) wetland carbon stock assessment, 2) soil accretion rates to validate wetland models and inform resilience to sea-level rise and 3) environmental records of coastal change.
The challenge of wetland persistence is complicated by widespread management and alteration of wetland hydrology, and built infrastructure within migration corridors. Human development and utilization of coastal landscapes in the U.S. during the past several centuries has resulted in loss of approximately half of tidal wetland area, largely due to 1) restriction of tidal flows, through intentional diking and drainage or impoundment, 2) construction of levees, or road and railroad construction leading to varying degrees of impoundment, and 3) development on drained/filled wetlands with critical portions of our developed and urbanized coasts are built on drained and filled former tidal wetland. We have estimated that...
Continuous monitoring data reported are a portion of data from a larger study investigating changes in soil properties, carbon accumulation, and greenhouse gas fluxes in four recently restored salt marsh sites and nearby natural salt marshes. For several decades, local towns, conservation groups, and government organizations have worked to identify, replace, repair, and enlarge culverts to restore tidal flow upstream from historical tidal restrictions in an effort to restore salt marsh ecosystems on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Undersized or failed culverts restrict tidal exchange between the marsh and the bays and estuaries, which leads to alterations in plant community composition and in fundamental processes controlling...
Sage Lot Pond is a small tidal embayment located in Waquoit Bay and is the site of the Salt Marsh Observatory, managed by the Waquoit Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve (WNERR). This infrastructure has supported intensive studies on wetland biogeochemical processes related to lateral export of carbon, nutrients, and other constituents; evaluation of the controls on greenhouse gas fluxes in coastal wetlands and their potential to change due to environmental change; and research on the controls of carbon cycle and other key geochemical processes within wetlands that impact their resilience and stability. The U.S. Geological Survey has conducted extensive deployment of continuous sensors, as well as made measurements...
Tidal wetland ecosystems support high rates of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration, a critical climate regulating ecosystem service. Although water-saturated conditions in wetlands support anaerobic production of methane (CH4), a potent greenhouse gas, the presence of sulfate ions in seawater limits CH4 emission where tidal flow is present. The U.S. Geological Survey investigates both natural and altered wetland ecosystems to determine how greenhouse gas fluxes change in conjunction with environmental drivers as well as wetland management condition. Data is collected from both eddy flux covariance towers and discrete flux measurements from chambers. All data is accompanied by ancillary environmental measurements.
Coastal wetlands in Tampa Bay, Florida, are important ecosystems that deliver a variety of ecosystem services. Key to ecosystem functioning is wetland response to sea-level rise through accumulation of mineral and organic sediment. The organic sediment within coastal wetlands is composed of carbon sequestered over the time scale of the wetland’s existence. This study was conducted to provide information on soil accretion and carbon storage rates across a variety of coastal ecosystems that was utilized in the Tampa Bay Blue Carbon Assessment (ESA, 2017; linkage below). Ten sediment cores were collected from six Tampa Bay wetland sites in October 2015 (maximum core length 40 centimeters). Three main vegetation types...
Categories: Data;
Tags: 137-cesium,
210-lead,
City of Saint Petersburg (2405401),
City of Tampa (2405568),
Double Branch Bay (281701),
The accretion history of fringing salt marshes in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, was reconstructed from sediment cores. Age models, based on excess lead-210 and cesium-137 radionuclide analysis, were constructed to evaluate how vertical accretion and carbon burial rates have changed during the past century. The Constant Rate of Supply (CRS) age model was used to date six cores collected from three salt marshes. Both vertical accretion rates and carbon burial increased from 1900 to 2016, the year the data were collected. Cores were up to 90 cm in length with dry bulk density ranging from 0.07 to 3.08 grams per cubic centimeter and carbon content 0.71 % to 33.58 %.
Categories: Data;
Tags: 137-cesium,
210-lead,
Almy Brook (1218186),
Constant Rate of Supply (CRS) model,
Geochemistry,
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