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The RCMAP (Rangeland Condition Monitoring Assessment and Projection) dataset quantifies the percent cover of rangeland components across western North America using Landsat imagery from 1985-2023. The RCMAP product suite consists of ten fractional components: annual herbaceous, bare ground, herbaceous, litter, non-sagebrush shrub, perennial herbaceous, sagebrush, shrub, tree, and shrub height in addition to the temporal trends of each component. Several enhancements were made to the RCMAP process relative to prior generations. First, high-resolution training was revised using an improved neural-net classifier and modelling approach. These data serve as foundation to the RCMAP approach. The training database was...
The agro-hydrologic VegET (VegetationEvapotranspiration) model uses a water balance approach to simulate daily soil moisture (SM), actual evapotranspiration (ETa), and runoff (R). We enhanced the model to include snow accumulation and melt processes along with the separation of runoff into surface runoff and deep drainage and implemented the code using cloud technology. This publication is providing the supporting data for the updated methods and provides evaluation results for the United States and the Greater Horn of Africa.
Categories: Data;
Types: Downloadable;
Tags: CONUS,
Evapotranspiration,
Greater Horn of Africa,
Hydrology,
Land Use Change,
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists conducted field data collection efforts between July 19th and 31st, 2021 over a large stretch of the McKenzie River in Oregon using high accuracy surveying technologies. The work was initiated as an effort to validate commercially acquired topobathymetric light detection and ranging (lidar) data that was collected coincidentally between July 26th and 30th, 2021 for the USGS 3D Elevation Program (3DEP). The goal was to compare and validate the airborne lidar data to topographic, bathymetric, structural, and infrastructural data collected through more traditional means (e.g., Global Navigational Satellite System (GNSS) surveying). Evaluating these data will provide valuable...
Phenological dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems reflect the response of the Earth's vegetation canopy to changes in climate and hydrology and are thus important to monitor operationally. The Exotic Annual Grass (EAG) phenology in the western U.S. rangeland based on 30m near seamless Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 (HLS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) weekly composites between 2016 and 2021 (Dahal et al., 2022) were processed using these 3 methods: (1) NDVI threshold-based method, (2) manual phenological metrics, and (3) modeling and mapping. The EAG phenology model produced two metrics identifying the sustainable growth characteristics of 16 EAG species throughout level III Commission for Environmental...
The RCMAP (Rangeland Condition Monitoring Assessment and Projection) dataset quantifies the percent cover of rangeland components across the western U.S. using Landsat imagery from 1985-2020. The RCMAP product suite consists of eight fractional components: annual herbaceous, bare ground, herbaceous, litter, non-sagebrush shrub, perennial herbaceous, sagebrush, shrub and rule-based error maps including the temporal trends of each component. Several enhancements were made to the RCMAP process relative to prior generations. We used an updated version of the 2016 base training data, with a more aggressive forest mask and reduced shrub and sagebrush cover bias in pinyon-juniper woodlands. We pooled training data in areas...
Scientists and engineers from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science Center (EROS) Cal/Val Center of Excellence (ECCOE) collected in situ measurements using field spectrometers to support the validation of surface reflectance products derived from Earth observing remote sensing imagery. Data provided in this data release were collected during select Earth observing satellite overpasses and tests during the months of May through October 2022. Data was collected at three field sites: the ground viewing radiometer (GVR) site on the USGS EROS facility in Minnehaha County, South Dakota, a private land holding near the City of Arlington in Brookings County, South Dakota, and a private...
Water management starts with the understanding of the spaciotemporal distribution of the available water, uses, and losses. A planet with limited water resources needs accurate, reliable and frequently-updated data and tools to assess and monitor historical and current uses and plan for future needs. Scientists at EROS harness massive amounts of satellite and global weather datasets and integrate them with agro-hydroloic models to create multi-scale products for use by resource managers and researchers across the world for improved decision making and scenario building in water, agriculture, and natural resources. Agro-hydrologic research focuses on hydrologic processes between 2-m below and 2-m above the ground...
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) has initiated the development of a second pilot 3D National Topography Model (3DNTM) to generate 3-dimensional surface elevation models that integrate topographic bare-earth elevation surfaces with river channel bed and coastal bathymetry and topobathymetry. Detailed knowledge of integrated river system topography, bathymetry, and topobathymetry is essential for fisheries habitat restoration, hydrologic modeling, and other key science applications such as flood mapping and identification of fluvial geomorphic features. An integrated 1-meter topobathymetric digital elevation model (TBDEM) for Hardin, Orange, and Jefferson counties in Southeast Texas has...
The Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) is a sovereign Small Island State in the tropical central North Pacific Ocean. RMI is a nation of more than thirty low-lying atolls and islands, most of which are inhabited, dispersed across an EEZ over 2 million square kilometers. Multiple hazards such as coastal flooding, wave overwash, and drought threaten freshwater and food security of the communities. In the atolls, vegetation consists of agroforest, coconut plantation, and coastal species. Because islands/ islets are small and low-lying, all vegetation is vulnerable to the hazards. Current drought hazard products provide generalities regarding conditions on a broad geographic scale, but do not consider exposure of...
Categories: Project;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: 2022,
CASC,
Drought,
Drought, Fire and Extreme Weather,
National CASC,
Climate change over the past century has altered vegetation community composition and species distributions across rangelands in the western United States. The scale and magnitude of climatic influences are unknown. While a number of studies have projected the impacts of climate change using several modeling approaches, none has evaluated impacts to fractional component cover at a 30-m resolution across the full sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) biome. We used fractional component cover data for rangeland functional groups and weather data from the 1985 to 2018 reference period in conjunction with soils and topography data to develop empirical models describing the spatio-temporal variation in component cover. To investigate...
These datasets provide early estimates of 2023 fractional cover for exotic annual grass (EAG) species and one native perennial grass species on a weekly basis from May to early July. The EAG estimates are developed typically within 7-13 days of the latest satellite observation used for that version. Each weekly release contains four fractional cover maps along with their corresponding confidence maps for: 1) a group of 16 species of EAGs, 2) cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum); 3) medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae); and 4) Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda). These datasets were generated leveraging field observations from Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Assessment, Inventory, and Monitoring (AIM) data plots; Harmonized...
Categories: Data,
Data Release - Revised;
Types: Downloadable,
GeoTIFF,
Map Service,
Raster;
Tags: Arizona,
California,
Colorado,
Great Basin,
Harmonized Landsat Sentinel,
The LANDFIRE (LF) 2022 Update represents another step in moving towards an annual update. This update is the first time in LANDFIRE history in which disturbances from the year before are represented in current year products. LF 2022 includes adjustments to vegetation and fuels in disturbed areas for disturbances recorded in 2021 and 2022. LF 2022 disturbance layers contain comprehensive polygon treatment data (disturbance events) obtained from national and local sources and fire program data including: Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS) Burned Area Reflectance Classification (BARC) Rapid Assessment of Vegetation Condition after Wildfire (RAVG) Disturbances are also identified with LF's remote sensing of...
Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI) extent, intensity, and hotspots data of land surface temperature (LST) are provided across 50 regions throughout the Continental U.S. The annual land surface temperature (LST) were derived from Landsat U.S. Analysis Ready Data (ARD). The time series land surface Temperature (LST) and land cover change products were used to produce SUHI intensity and hotspots products. The data ranges from 1985-present, and covers data within 5 km of each city. SUHI Intensity data is intended to quantify the difference between urban surface temperatures and the surrounding non-urban environment. The calculation takes the difference between a specific urban pixel’s land surface temperature (LST) and...
Categories: Data Release - Revised;
Tags: 5 km buffer zones,
CONUS,
CONUS,
Landsat ARD,
Landsat Analysis Ready Data (ARD),
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in association with the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) Consortium, produces the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) for the United States. The MRLC, a consortium of federal agencies who coordinate and generate consistent and relevant land cover information at the national scale for a wide variety of environmental, land management, and modeling applications, have been providing the scientific community with detailed land cover products for more than 30 years. Over that time, NLCD has been one of the most widely used geospatial datasets in the U.S., serving as a basis for understanding the Nation’s landscapes in thousands of studies and applications, trusted by scientists,...
Categories: Collection;
Tags: GIS,
Image processing,
Land Use Change,
Land Use Land Cover Theme,
Land cover,
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center in Sioux Falls, SD developed a cloud validation dataset from 48 unique Landsat 9 Collection 2 images. These images were selected at random from the Landsat 9 archive from various locations around the world. While these validation images were subjectively designed by a single analyst, they provide useful information for quantifying the accuracy of clouds flagged by various cloud masking algorithms. Each mask is provided in GeoTIFF format, and includes all bands from the original Landsat 9 Collection 2 Level-1 data product (COG GeoTIFF), and its associated Level-1 metadata (MTL.txt file).
A validation assessment of Land Cover Monitoring, Assessment, and Projection Collection 1.3 annual land cover products (1985–2021) for the Conterminous United States was conducted with an independently collected reference dataset. Reference data land cover attributes were assigned by trained interpreters for each year of the time series (1984–2021) to a reference sample of 26,971 Landsat resolution (30m x 30m) pixels. These pixels were selected from a sample frame of all pixels in the ARD grid system which fell within the map area (Dwyer et al., 2018). Interpretation used the TimeSync reference data collection tool which visualizes Landsat images and Landsat data values for all usable images in the time series (1984–2021)...
In cooperation with the Georgia Environmental Protection Division, the U.S. Geological Survey compiled four datasets summarizing 2020 water use for the state of Georgia by county. These datasets include: annual aquifer withdrawals; industrial water use by category; public supply water use; and total water use across multiple variables, including domestic, commercial, industrial, mining, thermoelectric power, and population. These datasets will be used to update the U.S. Geological Survey's Georgia Water Use Mapper (Georgia Water Use (usgs.gov)) with 2020 water use data.
Phenological dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems reflect the response of the Earth's vegetation canopy to changes in climate and hydrology and are thus important to monitor operationally. Researchers at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center have developed methods for documenting the seasonal dynamics of vegetation in an operational fashion from satellite time-series data. The USGS made the decision to develop 2023 CONUS phenology metrics using S-NPP Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) because of the decommissioning of Aqua C6 MODIS sensor in the near future. The readily available and consistently processed smoothed EROS VIIRS (eVIIRS) maximum Normalized...
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