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The Bemidji crude oil spill site is a long-term USGS study site to understand the fate of crude oil in the shallow subsurface. A description of the site can be found at https://mn.water.usgs.gov/projects/bemidji. In 2014 concentrations of non-volatile dissolved organic carbon (NVDOC) were three times higher than diesel range organics (DRO) in the contaminant plume*. This is important because most of the NVDOC in the plume is composed of partial transformation products of compounds from the crude oil that are not reflected in a DRO analysis. In 2016 we conducted a campaign to determine if DRO values continue to reflect only a fraction of the NVDOC. These data are the results of that campaign. A total of 25 wells...
Categories: Data;
Tags: USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC)
The dataset consists of 30-year percentage depletion calculations, hydrocarbon group compositions, organic carbon mass fractions and hydrocarbon concentrations for 16 locations sampled at the Bemidji (MN) oil spill study site. Also included in the dataset are concentrations for 33 individual volatile hydrocarbons from the aforementioned sampling locations.
This version supersedes the previous version of this data release: Trost, J.J., Krall, A.L., Baedecker, M., Cozzarelli, I.M., Herkelrath, W.N., Jaeschke, J.B., and Bekins, B.A., 2018, Historical data sets including inorganic and organic chemistry of water, oil, and sediments, aquifer hydraulic conductivity, and sediment grain size distribution at the National Crude Oil Spill Fate and Natural Attenuation Research Site near Bemidji, Minnesota, USA, 1984-2010 (ver. 2.0, September 2019): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F7J101NV. This U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Data Release provides data from samples and measurements completed at the National Crude Oil Spill Fate and Natural Attenuation...
This U.S. Geological Survey data release provides detailed sampling site information, hole and well construction details, and data dictionaries necessary to interpret historical and future physical, chemical, and biological data sets derived from samples collected and measurements made in association with the National Crude Oil Spill Fate and Natural Attenuation Research Site. In 1979, a high-pressure pipeline carrying crude oil burst near the city of Bemidji, Minnesota and spilled approximately 1.7 million liters (10,700 barrels) of crude oil into glacial outwash deposits (Essaid and others, 2011). Since 1983, scientists with the U.S. Geological Survey, in collaboration with scientists from academic institutions,...
In crude-oil-contaminant plumes the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is mainly hydrocarbon degradation intermediates only partly quantified by the diesel range total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPHd) method. To understand potential biological effects of degradation intermediates we tested three fractions of DOC: (1) solid phase extract (HLB); (2) dichloromethane (DCM-total) extract used in TPHd; and (3) DCM extract with hydrocarbons isolated by silica gel cleanup (DCM-SGC). Bioactivity of extracts from five wells spanning a range of DOC was tested using an in vitro multiplex reporter system that evaluates modulation of activity of 46 transcription factors; extracts were evaluated at concentrations equivalent to the well...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Beltrami County,
Bemidji,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
dissolved organic compounds,
groundwater quality,
This U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Data Release is focused on the geochemistry of wells within the oil zone and groundwater monitoring wells away from the oiled zone at the National Crude Oil Spill Fate and Natural Attenuation Research Site, Bemidji MN (USA) from 1985-2015. The site located in Beltrami County is where a high-pressure pipeline carrying crude oil burst in 1979 and spilled approximately 1.7 million liters (10,700 barrels) of crude oil into glacial outwash deposits. Researchers and scientists from government agencies, academic institutions, the regulatory community, and private companies have conducted extensive investigations of groundwater geochemistry in hopes of understanding the evolution of plumes...
Natural attenuation of organic contaminants in groundwater can give rise to a series of complex biogeochemical reactions that release secondary contaminants to groundwater. In a crude oil contaminated aquifer, biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is coupled with the reduction of ferric iron (Fe(III)) hydroxides in aquifer sediments. As a result, naturally occurring arsenic (As), adsorbed to Fe(III) hydroxides in the aquifer sediment, is mobilized from sediment into groundwater. However, Fe(III) in sediment of other zones of the aquifer has the capacity to attenuate dissolved As via re-sorption. To better evaluate how long-term biodegradation coupled with Fe-reduction and As mobilization can redistribute As mass...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Bemidji, Beltrami County, Minnesota,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
arsenic,
biodegradation,
biogeochemical cycling,
In a crude-oil-contaminated sandy aquifer at the Bemidji site in northern Minnesota, biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons has resulted in release of naturally occurring As to groundwater under Fe-reducing conditions. This data set was collected for a study that used chemical extractions of aquifer sediments collected in 1993 and 2011-2014 to evaluate the relationship between Fe and As in different redox zones (oxic, methanogenic, Fe-reducing, anoxic-sub-oxic transition) of the contaminated aquifer over a twenty year period. The data presented showed that 1) the aquifer has the capacity to naturally attenuate the plume of dissolved As, primarily through sorption; 2) Fe and As are linearly correlated in sediment...
Categories: Data;
Tags: USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
Water Quality,
arsenic,
biodegradation,
biogeochemical cycling,
The National Crude Oil Spill Fate and Natural Attenuation Research Site is located near where about 1.7 million liters of crude oil spilled in 1979. Much of the oil spill leached into groundwater which flows towards an unnamed lake at the site. The U.S. Geological Survey Branch of Hydrogeophysics has been working to map the plume's extent on land and into the lake using a variety of geophysical techniques. In 2018, the group was able to map a group of anomalies within the lake consisting of elevated specific conductance concentrations. It was determined that these specific conductance anomalies were likely attributed to hydrocarbon plumes leaching into the lake. In 2019, the U.S. Geological Survey Central Midwest...
This U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Data Release provides concentrations from groundwater and soil extracts for iron (Fe), barium (Ba), strontium (Sr), cobalt (Co), and nickel (Ni). Groundwater analyses for pH and alkalinity are also included. Samples were collected at the National Crude Oil Spill Fate and Natural Attenuation Research Site, near Bemidji MN (USA) between 2009-2019. The site is in Beltrami County, where a high-pressure pipeline carrying crude oil burst in 1979 and spilled approximately 1.7 million liters (10,700 barrels) into glacial outwash deposits. A trace element plume occurred at the site, in which concentrations of Fe, Co, Ni, Ba, and Sr were mobilized from the sediments into the groundwater....
This dataset has been archived; it has been superseded by version 3.0 (May 2022) which can be found at https://doi.org/10.5066/P9BLZPJT. The National Crude Oil Spill Fate and Natural Attenuation Research Site is located near Bemidji, MN, USA. A high pressure oil pipeline ruptured in 1979 releasing ~1.7 million liters of light crude oil, which sprayed over an area of ~6500 square meters and collected in topographic depressions. Approximately 75% of the spilled oil was recovered. Much of the remainder reached the water table, where it is distributed into three residual oil bodies (the north, middle, and south oil pools). Groundwater flows east-northeast toward a small lake roughly 300 m downgradient from the original...
Categories: Data Release - Revised;
Tags: Bemidji,
Groundwater,
InlandWaters,
Minnesota,
Surface Water,
The National Crude Oil Spill Fate and Natural Attenuation Research Site is located near Bemidji, MN, USA. A high-pressure oil pipeline ruptured in 1979 releasing ~1.7 million liters of light crude oil, which sprayed over an area of ~6500 square meters and collected in topographic depressions. Approximately 75% of the spilled oil was recovered. Much of the remainder reached the water table, where it is distributed into three residual oil bodies (the north, middle, and south oil pools). Groundwater flows east-northeast toward a small lake roughly 300 m downgradient from the original spill site. Secondary reactions of sediments with byproducts from anaerobic degradation of the oil plumes cause increases in total dissolved...
Categories: Data Release - Revised;
Tags: Ambient Monitoring,
Bemidji,
Focused Assessments,
Geophysics,
Geophysics,
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) deployed multirotor small unoccupied aircraft systems (sUAS or drones) on June 21, 2018, to collect imagery data documenting site conditions at the USGS National Crude Oil Spill Fate and Natural Attenuation Research Site near Bemidji, Minnesota, USA. True color visible light images were collected across the general study area. Multispectral images in five spectral bands (blue, green, red, red edge, and near-infrared) were collected at two aerial survey heights over smaller parts of the study area.
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