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This study proposes the use of several problems of unstable steady state convection with variable fluid density in a porous layer of infinite horizontal extent as two-dimensional (2-D) test cases for density-dependent groundwater flow and solute transport simulators. Unlike existing density-dependent model benchmarks, these problems have well-defined stability criteria that are determined analytically. These analytical stability indicators can be compared with numerical model results to test the ability of a code to accurately simulate buoyancy driven flow and diffusion. The basic analytical solution is for a horizontally infinite fluid-filled porous layer in which fluid density decreases with depth. The proposed...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Benchmark,
Convection,
Groundwater,
Modelling,
Variable-density,
USGS Historical Quadrangle in GeoPDF.
USGS Historical Quadrangle in GeoPDF.
In northern peatlands, subsurface ice formation is an important process that can control heat transport, groundwater flow, and biological activity. Temperature was measured over one and a half years in a vertical profile in the Red Lake Bog, Minnesota. To successfully simulate the transport of heat within the peat profile, the U.S. Geological Survey’s SUTRA computer code was modified. The modified code simulates fully saturated, coupled porewater-energy transport, with freezing and melting porewater, and includes proportional heat capacity and thermal conductivity of water and ice, decreasing matrix permeability due to ice formation, and latent heat. The model is verified by correctly simulating the Lunardini analytical...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Benchmark,
Cold regions,
Energy transport,
Freezing,
Groundwater,
This product consists of pesticide detections and benchmark exceedances in surface waters. These are time series data representing water years 2013 - 2017 for river sites associated with the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Pesticide Monitoring Program.
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Conterminous United States,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
United States,
Water Quality,
benchmark,
USGS Historical Quadrangle in GeoPDF.
In August 2020, the U.S. Geologic Survey acquired high-precision survey data of first-floor doorway threshold elevations at buildings in the Lake Champlain floodplain in Vermont. For a representative sample of buildings within the 106 feet (National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929) stage boundary of the regional flood-inundation map (Flynn and Hayes, 2019), 153 buildings, or nearly 12 percent of the total buildings, were surveyed. These data consist of Global Navigation Satellite System-derived orthometric heights in the North American Vertical Datum of 1988, which were measured by trigonometric leveling with a total station. Included in this data release are the raw and processed leveling control point data (unprocessed...
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