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These data are netcdf files of the projected timing of the onset of thermal stress severe enough (>8 Degree Heating Weeks) to cause coral bleaching 2x per decade and 10x per decade (annual) under emissions scenarios RCP8.5 and RCP4.5. The projected timing (a year between 2006 and 2100) is the data value. Values are only shown for the ~60,000 four-km pixels where coral reefs are known to occur.
Improving energy efficiency is the most effective and least expensive way to reduce carbon dioxide (C02) emissions in most industrialized nations - including the UK. A report from the UKAEA's own Energy Technology Support Unit concludes that energy efficiency can displace nearly four times more C02 than nuclear power can - more quickly and more cost-effectively. Each pound invested in efficient lighting can displace four to five times as much C02 as a pound invested in new nuclear power. Meanwhile, given recent dramatic progress in renewable energy technologies, the most promising long-term COz-abatement strategy may be a synergistic combination of energy efficiency and renewable energy.
Our responses to the emerging challenges of energy planning have to be faster and more effective than they have been so far. While the Gulf war has forced us to realise the danger, it is to be hoped that the solutions that are sought will take the form not of short-term palliatives but of a new direction in our planning effort. Sixth of a series of articles discussing the broad approach of the Planning Commission under the V P Singh government.
High-temporal resolution meteorological output from the Parallel Climate Model (PCM) is used to assess changes in wildland fire danger across the western United States due to climatic changes projected in the 21st century. A business-as-usual scenario incorporating changing greenhouse gas and aerosol concentrations until the year 2089 is compared to a 1975 - 1996 base period. Changes in relative humidity, especially drying over much of the West, are projected to increase the number of days of high fire danger ( based on the energy release component (ERC) index) at least through the year 2089 in comparison to the base period. The regions most affected are the northern Rockies, Great Basin and the Southwest - regions...
We have developed a state-scale version of the MARKAL energy optimization model, commonly used to model energy policy at the US national scale and internationally. We apply the model to address state-scale impacts of a renewable electricity standard (RES) and a carbon tax in one southeastern state, Georgia. Biomass is the lowest cost option for large-scale renewable generation in Georgia; we find that electricity can be generated from biomass co-firing at existing coal plants for a marginal cost above baseline of 0.2-2.2 cents/kWh and from dedicated biomass facilities for 3.0-5.5 cents/kWh above baseline. We evaluate the cost and amount of renewable electricity that would be produced in-state and the amount of out-of-state...
This paper presents information relevant to rule-making for geopressuredgeothermal development on state-owned lands. The analysis is focused on those potential social and economic effects of resource development, if any, which may require special attention during the leasing and permitting process. For the most part, many of the expected socioeconomic impacts are not unique to geothermal development, but are already being felt by residents of the fairways because of ongoing developmental activities. The social and economic impacts likely to result from resource development depend upon characteristics specific to the site and surrounding social and economic systems. Specific impacts and their probability, magnitude,...
This paper presents information relevant to rule-making for geopressuredgeothermal development on state-owned lands. The analysis is focused on those potential social and economic effects of resource development, if any, which may require special attention during the leasing and permitting process. For the most part, many of the expected socioeconomic impacts are not unique to geothermal development, but are already being felt by residents of the fairways because of ongoing developmental activities. The social and economic impacts likely to result from resource development depend upon characteristics specific to the site and surrounding social and economic systems. Specific impacts and their probability, magnitude,...
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This inventory was originally created by Gorum and others (2014) describing the landslides triggered by a sequence of earthquakes, with the largest being the M 6.2 17 km N of Puerto Aisen, Chile earthquake that occurred on 21 April 2007 at 23:45:56 UTC. Care should be taken when comparing with other inventories because different authors use different mapping techniques. This inventory includes landslides triggered by a sequence of earthquakes rather than a single mainshock. Please check the author methods summary and the original data source for more information on these details and to confirm the viability of this inventory for your specific use. With the exception of the data from USGS sources, the inventory...
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This inventory was originally created by Xu and others (2014) describing the landslides triggered by the M 5.9 Gansu, China earthquake, also known as the Minxian - Zhangxian earthquake, that occurred on 21 July 2013 at 23:45:56 UTC. Care should be taken when comparing with other inventories because different authors use different mapping techniques. This inventory also could be associated with other earthquakes such as aftershocks or triggered events. Please check the author methods summary and the original data source for more information on these details and to confirm the viability of this inventory for your specific use. With the exception of the data from USGS sources, the inventory data and associated metadata...
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This inventory was originally created by the Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, El Salvador (2001) describing the landslides triggered by the M 7.7 San Miguel, El Salvador earthquake that occurred on 13 January 2001 at 17:33:32 UTC. Care should be taken when comparing with other inventories because different authors use different mapping techniques. This inventory also could be associated with other earthquakes such as aftershocks or triggered events. Please check the author methods summary and the original data source for more information on these details and to confirm the viability of this inventory for your specific use. With the exception of the data from USGS sources, the inventory data and...
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This inventory was originally created by Zhao (2021) describing the landslides triggered by the M 7.5 Palu, Indonesia earthquake that occurred on 28 September 2018 at 10:02:45 UTC. Care should be taken when comparing with other inventories because different authors use different mapping techniques. This inventory also could be associated with other earthquakes such as aftershocks or triggered events. Please check the author methods summary and the original data source for more information on these details and to confirm the viability of this inventory for your specific use. With the exception of the data from USGS sources, the inventory data and associated metadata were not acquired by the U.S. Geological Survey...
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Data were collected on seed production dynamics of long-lived plants, reproductive plant traits of those plant species, and weather variability for sites where those species live. Data include the coefficient of variation in seed production over time, the variation (coefficient of variation or standard deviation) in weather over years, and reproductive traits such as pollination mode and seed dispersal mechanism. Data series were distributed globally and encompass 920 data series containing 311 plant species. Data series are all 6 or more years in length.
We review recent global developments in three areas: energy efficiency, market transformation, and renewable energy. In each area we document policy applications and specific country experiences. We list Internet World Wide Web links for current information. Significant opportunities exist for cross-fertilizing initiatives from both developed and developing countries. For example, Thailand’s energy labelling program works significantly better than that of the US. Specific information is listed for many countries in Asia, Europe, and North America.
High-temporal resolution meteorological output from the Parallel Climate Model (PCM) is used to assess changes in wildland fire danger across the western United States due to climatic changes projected in the 21st century. A business-as-usual scenario incorporating changing greenhouse gas and aerosol concentrations until the year 2089 is compared to a 1975 - 1996 base period. Changes in relative humidity, especially drying over much of the West, are projected to increase the number of days of high fire danger ( based on the energy release component (ERC) index) at least through the year 2089 in comparison to the base period. The regions most affected are the northern Rockies, Great Basin and the Southwest - regions...
It is widely recognised that access to and supply of modern energy play a key role in poverty alleviation and sustainable development.The emerging concept of energisation seems to capture this idea, and if implemented in its full complexity it should have multiple beneficial effects. To demonstrate this, an economic model is developed for an urban developmental context, drawing on the theory of urban ecosystems and illustrating energy and waste production and consumption issues with current South African data sets. This new understanding of the concept of energisation is then integrated into a local government energy planning process, by means of a checklist for energy planners, covering 18 aspects that between...
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This inventory was originally created by Basharat and others (2014) describing the landslides triggered by the M 7.6 Kashmir, Pakistan earthquake that occurred on 8 October 2005 at 03:50:40 UTC. Care should be taken when comparing with other inventories because different authors use different mapping techniques. This inventory also could be associated with other earthquakes such as aftershocks or triggered events. Please check the author methods summary and the original data source for more information on these details and to confirm the viability of this inventory for your specific use. With the exception of the data from USGS sources, the inventory data and associated metadata were not acquired by the U.S. Geological...
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This inventory was originally created by Harp and others (2016) describing the landslides triggered by the M 7.0 Haiti earthquake that occurred on 12 January 2010 at 21:53:10 UTC. Care should be taken when comparing with other inventories because different authors use different mapping techniques. This inventory also could be associated with other earthquakes such as aftershocks or triggered events. Please check the author methods summary and the original data source for more information on these details and to confirm the viability of this inventory for your specific use. With the exception of the data from USGS sources, the inventory data and associated metadata were not acquired by the U.S. Geological Survey...
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This inventory was originally created by Harp and others (1984) describing the landslides triggered by a sequence of earthquakes, with the largest being the M 6.5 Mammoth Lakes, California earthquake that occurred on 25 May 1980 at 19:44:50 UTC. Care should be taken when comparing with other inventories because different authors use different mapping techniques. This inventory includes landslides triggered by a sequence of earthquakes rather than a single mainshock. Please check the author methods summary and the original data source for more information on these details and to confirm the viability of this inventory for your specific use. With the exception of the data from USGS sources, the inventory data and...
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To assess the distribution, frequency, and global extent of riverine hypoxia, we compiled 118 million paired dissolved oxygen (DO) and water temperature measurements from 125,158 unique locations in rivers in 93 countries and territories across the globe. The dataset also includes site characteristics derived from StreamCat, the National Hydrography and HydroAtlas datasets and proximal land cover derived from MODIS-based IGBP land cover types compiled using Google Earth Engine (GEE).
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The surface psychrometric constant (spc) is a key model parameter in actual evapotranspiration modeling using the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model for establishing model boundary limits for the dry/bare and wet/vegetated surface conditions. The inverse of the constant (1/spc) represents the temperature difference (dT) between the bare/dry surface and the air temperature at the canopy level. The main output of the SSEBop model is an ET fraction (0-1) and, when combined with reference (“maximum”) ET, produces an actual ET estimate from satellite-observed land surface temperature. This dT is determined using net radiation inputs under gray-sky radiations from the ERA-5 datasets, i.e., Surface...
map background search result map search result map Harp and others (2016) Gorum and others (2014) Basharat and others (2014) Harp and others (1984) Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, El Salvador (2001) Xu and others (2014) Zhao (2021) Global gray-sky dT: the inverse of the surface psychrometric constant parameter in the SSEBop evapotranspiration model Xu and others (2014) Basharat and others (2014) Gorum and others (2014) Harp and others (1984) Harp and others (2016) Zhao (2021) Global gray-sky dT: the inverse of the surface psychrometric constant parameter in the SSEBop evapotranspiration model