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This article reflects the results of a study on sustainability of energy crops. Contribution to the reduction of the greenhouse effect and other environmental effects were investigated for the Netherlands. The study assumed that energy crops are grown on set aside or grain land. Generating electricity and/or heat from hemp, reed, miscanthus, poplar and willow have the best prospects. These crops are sustainable and may in the future be economically feasible. Ethanol from winter wheat has the most favourable environmental effects, but is economically not interesting. Liquid fuels from oil seed rape and sugar beet are not very sustainable.
ABSTRACT: The pressure on water resources from energy resource development and transformation is likely to be greater in the future than it has been in the past. A rational resolution of the political problems that this situation will generate requires that: 1) planning based on predictions of future energy supply and demand be replaced by scenario, or “what if?” analysis; 2) full attention be paid to the uncertainties in per-unit-energy water requirements; 3) suitable stochastic measures of water availability be used to compare water supply with water demand; 4) realistic ecological criteria, and other alternative use criteria, be developed for estimating impacts of water withdrawn or consurned for energy development;...
This article reflects the results of a study on sustainability of energy crops. Contribution to the reduction of the greenhouse effect and other environmental effects were investigated for the Netherlands. The study assumed that energy crops are grown on set aside or grain land. Generating electricity and/or heat from hemp, reed, miscanthus, poplar and willow have the best prospects. These crops are sustainable and may in the future be economically feasible. Ethanol from winter wheat has the most favourable environmental effects, but is economically not interesting. Liquid fuels from oil seed rape and sugar beet are not very sustainable.
This article explores the institutional architecture in place to govern energy in the US and its underlying principles. More specifically, it identifies the key institutions involved with energy decision-making, with an emphasis on the national level and key legislative acts of the past four decades. The second section explores six historic guiding principles connected with national energy production and use, and the third section identifies how each of these conditions is eroding. The fourth section highlights the general implications of this shift for energy governance, namely that energy decision-making is now complex, inconsistent, vertically and horizontally fragmented and politicized.
China is striving for coordinated regional economic development and to solve the energy shortage in eastern China through a western China development plan with one focus being energy development and west to east energy transfer. This paper describes Western China Sustainable Energy Development Model (WSED) to evaluate various energy development scenarios for western China. The model includes a Western China MARKAL model, a Computable General Equilibrium Model for Western China (WCGE), and an Energy Service Demand Projection Model (ESDP). The ESDP provides energy service demand projections for the Western China MARKAL model, while the WCGE provides macroeconomic inputs for the ESDP and analyzes the impact of different...
Civilization’s advances during the twentieth century are closely bound with an unprecedented rise of energy consumption in general, and of hydrocarbons and electricity in particular. Substantial improvements of all key nineteenth-century energy techniques and introduction of new extraction and transportation means and new prime movers resulted in widespread diffusion of labor-saving and comfort-providing conversions and in substantially declining energy prices. Although modern societies could not exist without large and incessant flows of energy, there are no simple linear relationships between the inputs of fossil fuels and electricity and a nation’s economic performance and social accomplishments. International...
Civilization’s advances during the twentieth century are closely bound with an unprecedented rise of energy consumption in general, and of hydrocarbons and electricity in particular. Substantial improvements of all key nineteenth-century energy techniques and introduction of new extraction and transportation means and new prime movers resulted in widespread diffusion of labor-saving and comfort-providing conversions and in substantially declining energy prices. Although modern societies could not exist without large and incessant flows of energy, there are no simple linear relationships between the inputs of fossil fuels and electricity and a nation’s economic performance and social accomplishments. International...
This article reflects the results of a study on sustainability of energy crops. Contribution to the reduction of the greenhouse effect and other environmental effects were investigated for the Netherlands. The study assumed that energy crops are grown on set aside or grain land. Generating electricity and/or heat from hemp, reed, miscanthus, poplar and willow have the best prospects. These crops are sustainable and may in the future be economically feasible. Ethanol from winter wheat has the most favourable environmental effects, but is economically not interesting. Liquid fuels from oil seed rape and sugar beet are not very sustainable.
This article explores the institutional architecture in place to govern energy in the US and its underlying principles. More specifically, it identifies the key institutions involved with energy decision-making, with an emphasis on the national level and key legislative acts of the past four decades. The second section explores six historic guiding principles connected with national energy production and use, and the third section identifies how each of these conditions is eroding. The fourth section highlights the general implications of this shift for energy governance, namely that energy decision-making is now complex, inconsistent, vertically and horizontally fragmented and politicized.
SILMU, which runs from 1990 to 1995, aims at studying climate change and its impacts. It also seeks to provide information to Finnish policy makers on adaptation and mitigation. The topics range from air chemisrty to sociology, and the total number of projects is 74. Interim evaluation of the programme was carded out in 1992. During the second half of SILMU, 10 % of the total budget (total: 14 Million ECU) has been devoted to programme integration.
Elcock, Deborah, 2010. Future U.S. Water Consumption: The Role of Energy Production. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 46(3):447-460. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00413.x Abstract: This study investigates how meeting domestic energy production targets for both fossil and renewable fuels may affect future water demand. It combines projections of energy production developed by the U.S. Department of Energy with estimates of water consumption on a per-unit basis (water-consumption coefficients) for coal, oil, gas, and biofuels production, to estimate and compare the domestic freshwater consumed. Although total domestic freshwater consumption is expected to increase by nearly 7% between 2005...
ABSTRACT: The pressure on water resources from energy resource development and transformation is likely to be greater in the future than it has been in the past. A rational resolution of the political problems that this situation will generate requires that: 1) planning based on predictions of future energy supply and demand be replaced by scenario, or “what if?” analysis; 2) full attention be paid to the uncertainties in per-unit-energy water requirements; 3) suitable stochastic measures of water availability be used to compare water supply with water demand; 4) realistic ecological criteria, and other alternative use criteria, be developed for estimating impacts of water withdrawn or consurned for energy development;...
ABSTRACT: The pressure on water resources from energy resource development and transformation is likely to be greater in the future than it has been in the past. A rational resolution of the political problems that this situation will generate requires that: 1) planning based on predictions of future energy supply and demand be replaced by scenario, or “what if?” analysis; 2) full attention be paid to the uncertainties in per-unit-energy water requirements; 3) suitable stochastic measures of water availability be used to compare water supply with water demand; 4) realistic ecological criteria, and other alternative use criteria, be developed for estimating impacts of water withdrawn or consurned for energy development;...
Relationship between thermal-softening properties and deformation appearing after heating and cooling processes with loading was investigated. In the heating process, an obvious decrease in relative relaxation modulus due to thermal-softening of lignin was found at around 60 °C. After the cooling process, around 70% of residual deformation was measured. Also, the residual set depended on the maximum temperature reached in the heating process and the unloaded temperature in the cooling process. It was thought that these results suggest that the glass transition of lignin from the rubbery to glassy state is important to fix the deformation.
This article proposes eco-protective countermeasures that may serve as theoretical reference for post-mining eco-rehabilitation of the Xiangshui coal mining area, Guizhou, China. These countermeasures were developed from baseline survey and assessment data for the eco-environment including plant communities, soil types, physical and chemical properties, water and soil loss, status quo, etc.
Relationship between thermal-softening properties and deformation appearing after heating and cooling processes with loading was investigated. In the heating process, an obvious decrease in relative relaxation modulus due to thermal-softening of lignin was found at around 60 °C. After the cooling process, around 70% of residual deformation was measured. Also, the residual set depended on the maximum temperature reached in the heating process and the unloaded temperature in the cooling process. It was thought that these results suggest that the glass transition of lignin from the rubbery to glassy state is important to fix the deformation.
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Variation in avian and bat mortality as a function of turbine size was investigated in the San Gorgonio Pass Wind Resource Area near Palm Springs, CA. Five sites were monitored for carcasses by dog-handler teams every 3 days from May 2018 to April 2019. The data consist of six tables used for analyses on mortality rates including: specifications on selected wind turbines (including energy capacity), carcasses found during surveys, results from search efficiency and carcass placement trials of species of different size classes.
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These data were compiled to support and inform the Bureau of Land Management’s Colorado Plateau Native Plant Program and to guide future management action when selecting regions to collect and increase seed for native plant materials development. The objective of our study was to develop geospatial datasets to aid land managers and restoration practitioners in identifying areas that will need to be restored in the future (currently disturbed) as well as areas to source new native plant materials for propagation with increased climate similarity to these areas across the Colorado Plateau, Arizona/New Mexico Mountains, and Arizona/New Mexico Plateaus. These data represent species distribution models for 12 high priority...
Tags: Achnatherum hymenoides, Arizona, Arizona/New Mexico Mountains, Arizona/New Mexico Plateaus, Astragalus lonchocarpus, All tags...
Civilization’s advances during the twentieth century are closely bound with an unprecedented rise of energy consumption in general, and of hydrocarbons and electricity in particular. Substantial improvements of all key nineteenth-century energy techniques and introduction of new extraction and transportation means and new prime movers resulted in widespread diffusion of labor-saving and comfort-providing conversions and in substantially declining energy prices. Although modern societies could not exist without large and incessant flows of energy, there are no simple linear relationships between the inputs of fossil fuels and electricity and a nation’s economic performance and social accomplishments. International...
    map background search result map search result map San Gorgonio Pass Wind Resource Area Repower Data (2018-2019) Disturbance, energy, climate partitions, cultivars and species habitat data for the Colorado Plateau and environs San Gorgonio Pass Wind Resource Area Repower Data (2018-2019) Disturbance, energy, climate partitions, cultivars and species habitat data for the Colorado Plateau and environs