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Aim: A conspicuous climatic and biogeographical transition occurs at 40?45� N in western North America. This pivot point marks a north?south opposition of wet and dry conditions at interannual and decadal time-scales, as well as the northern and southern limits of many dominant western plant species. Palaeoecologists have yet to focus on past climatic and biotic shifts along this transition, in part because it requires comparisons across dissimilar records [i.e. pollen from lacustrine sediments to the north and plant macrofossils from woodrat (Neotoma) middens to the south]. To overcome these limitations, we are extending the woodrat-midden record northward into the lowlands of the central Rocky Mountains. Published...
Springsnails of the genus Pyrgulopsis are the most diverse group of freshwater gastropods in North America and current estimates show that Pyrgulopsis contains ~120 different species, many of which are at risk of extinction. Some factors contributing to their exceptional diversity include poor dispersal ability and extreme habitat specificity based on water availability, chemistry and depth. Most taxa exhibit high degrees of endemism, with many species occurring only in a single spring or seep, making springsnails ideal for studies of speciation and population structure. Here I present data from a survey of genetic variation at the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase I from 37 populations and over 1000 individuals...
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These data were compiled to investigate the evolutionary history of Graham's beardtongue (Penstemon grahamii). Objective(s) of our study were to determine the evolutionary history of P. grahamii, including ancestral population sizes, the history of population divergences, and historical connectivity. In addition, we characterized population structure, genetic diversity summary statistics, and landscape factors influencing differentiation. These data represent anonymous loci sequenced from throughout the P. grahamii genome (specifically, .vcf and .structure files). Data in these files were manipulated to represent site frequency spectra between population pairs (.data files). These data were collected in 2019 from...
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These data were compiled to investigate the evolutionary history of Hilaria jamesii, Hilaria mutica, and Hilaria rigida. The data release consists of two tab delimited text files that may be used to infer population structure (viva_structure.stru) or relationships among sampling localities (viva.phylip). Files record genetic variation on an individual (.stru) or sampling locality (.phylip) level. These files may be opened and edited in a text editor program, such as Notepad ++ (PC) or BBEdit (Mac). The .phylip file can be uploaded to phyML or SVDQuartets to generate a tree-based visualization of relationships ( http://www.atgc-montpellier.fr/phyml/ or https://paup.phylosolutions.com, repectively). The .stru file...
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Here we provide the molecular datasets and metadata associated with specimens used in the investigation of species boundaries and phylogeographic structure of two freshwater mussels, one common (Pleurobema sintoxia) and one being considered for protection under the Endangered Species Act (Pleurobema rubrum).
Populations of the freshwater mussel genus Anodonta appear to be in a state of rapid decline in western North America, following a trend that unfortunately seems to be prevalent among these animals (Mollusca: Unionoida). Here we describe the patterns of molecular divergence and diversity among Anodonta populations in the Bonneville Basin, a large sub-basin of the Great Basin in western North America. Using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis, we found a striking lack of nuclear diversity within some of these populations, along with a high degree of structuring among populations (FST = 0.61), suggesting post-Pleistocene isolation, due either to a long-term loss of hydrologic connectivity among...
Mitochondrial DNA control region sequences of spotted owls (Strix occidentalis) allowed us to investigate gene flow, genetic structure, and biogeographic relationships among these forest-dwelling birds of western North America. Estimates of gene flow based on genetic partitioning and the phylogeography of haplotypes indicate substantial dispersal within three long-recognized subspecies. However, patterns of individual phyletic relationships indicate a historical absence of gene flow among the subspecies, which are essentially monophyletic. The pattern of haplotype coalescence enabled us to identify the approximate timing and direction of a recent episode of gene flow from the Sierra Nevada to the northern coastal...
The desert pocket mouse (Chaetodipus penicillatus) comprises 6 nominate subspecies that occupy warm, sandy desert-scrub habitats across the Mojave and Sonoran deserts. The most thorough morphological assessment within the species noted variable levels of distinctiveness, leading to uncertainty regarding the geographic distributions of subspecies. Subsequent genetic assessments using chromosomal, allozymic, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence data detected a general east?west divergence centered on the Colorado River, but few locations were included in these assessments. We investigated phylogeographic structure in C. penicillatus by sequencing regions of mtDNA for 220 individuals from 51 locations representing...
Population genetic structure is the study of genetic variation in time and space. Traditionally, population genetic structure assessments provide information on the dispersal of species, mating behaviours and the delimitation of species and population boundaries. As such, the study of population genetic structure in bark beetles has become an important step in the ongoing management of outbreak populations. In this chapter, we review the current state of population genetic structure studies as they relate to bark beetles, with a particular emphasis on pine beetles. Furthermore, we show how pine beetle research may lead the way in promoting a more comprehensive and methodologically inclusive approach to explaining...
Aim: A conspicuous climatic and biogeographical transition occurs at 40–45° N in western North America. This pivot point marks a north–south opposition of wet and dry conditions at interannual and decadal time-scales, as well as the northern and southern limits of many dominant western plant species. Palaeoecologists have yet to focus on past climatic and biotic shifts along this transition, in part because it requires comparisons across dissimilar records [i.e. pollen from lacustrine sediments to the north and plant macrofossils from woodrat (Neotoma) middens to the south]. To overcome these limitations, we are extending the woodrat-midden record northward into the lowlands of the central Rocky Mountains.
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These data were compiled to investigate the demographic and phylogeographic of Carex specuicola. Objectives of our study were to understand the demographic and dispersal history of Carex specuicola across hanging gardens, the hybridization history between Carex specuicola and Carex utahensis, and the population structure of Carex specuicola across its distribution. The data release consists of three tab delimited text files that may be used to infer population structure and diversity (CASP.stru), relationships among sampling localities Carex.phylip), or genetic diversity statistics and demographic history (Carex.snps.vcf). These data represent genetic variation on an individual (.stru and .vcf) or sampling locality...
Population genetic structure is the study of genetic variation in time and space. Traditionally, population genetic structure assessments provide information on the dispersal of species, mating behaviours and the delimitation of species and population boundaries. As such, the study of population genetic structure in bark beetles has become an important step in the ongoing management of outbreak populations. In this chapter, we review the current state of population genetic structure studies as they relate to bark beetles, with a particular emphasis on pine beetles. Furthermore, we show how pine beetle research may lead the way in promoting a more comprehensive and methodologically inclusive approach to explaining...
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These data were compiled to investigate the evolutionary history of Astragalus iselyi, A. sabulosus var. sabulosus, and A. sabulosus var. vehiculus. The data release consists of six text files. One file is a bash script (astragalus_MLE_msms.sh) for generating simulated genetic data. Four files contain individual-level (astragalus.fasta, astragalus.nothin.recode.vcf, astragalus.recode.vcf) or population-level (astragalus_dadi.txt) information on genetic variation. One file contains sampling site-specific data for various soil and climatic variables (astragalus_env.txt). The .vcf files contain the full sequence information that is contained in the other files, but the file structures vary based on the programs used...
In this paper, we develop a five-step approach for analysis of historical relationships among areas of endemism using a set of 22 clades (9 mammal, 7 bird, 4 reptile, 1 amphibian, and 1 cactus) drawn from the warm deserts biota of western North America. As has been suggested in previous studies of portions of this biota, our results suggest a complex biogeographic history, but with substantial support for the influence of several major vicariant events in the diversification and assembly of the aridlands biota. We discuss and demonstrate the reciprocal strengths (and weaknesses) of phylogeography and phylogenetic biogeography for defining areas of endemism, analysing vicariance and dispersal, and dealing with temporal...
The Anaxyrus boreas species group currently comprises four species in western North America including the broadly distributed A. boreas, and three localized species, Anaxyrus nelsoni, Anaxyrus exsul and Anaxyrus canorus. Phylogenetic analyses of the mtDNA 12S rDNA, cytochrome oxidase I, control region, and restriction sites data, identified three major haplotype clades. The Northwest clade (NW) includes both subspecies of A. boreas and divergent minor clades in the middle Rocky Mountains, coastal, and central regions of the west and Pacific Northwest. The Southwest (SW) clade includes A. exsul, A. nelsoni, and minor clades in southern California. Anaxyrus canorus, previously identified as paraphyletic, has populations...
Aim: North America harbours the most diverse freshwater mussel fauna on Earth. This fauna has high endemism at the continental scale and within individual river systems. Previous faunal classifications for North America were based on intuitive, subjective assessments of species distributions, primarily the occurrence of endemic species, and do not portray continent-wide patterns of faunal similarity. The aim of this study is to provide an analytical portrayal of patterns of mussel diversity in a hierarchical framework that informs the biogeographical history of the fauna. Published in Journal of Biogeography, volume 37, issue 1, on pages 12 - 26, in 2010.
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These data were compiled to investigate the demographic, phylogeographic, and adaptation history of Hilaria jamesii. The data release consists of three tab delimited text files that may be used to infer population structure or putative adaptive loci (hija_adaptation_dataset.stru), relationships among sampling localities (hija_phylogeny_dataset.phylip), or genetic diversity statistics (hija_diversity_stats.vcf). All files record genetic variation on an individual (.stru and .vcf) or sampling locality (.phylip) level. The .vcf file contains all of the information contained in the other files, but the file structures vary based on the programs used for analysis. These files may be opened and edited in a text editor...
    map background search result map search result map Hilaria jamesii data for the Colorado Plateau of the southwestern United States 'Viva' native plant material data in support of restoration and conservation Astragalus species complex genetic data from southeast Utah (Grand County and San Juan County), USA Penstemon grahamii genetic data from a dryland region of the western United States Carex specuicola genomic data for the southern Colorado Plateau Desert Molecular data used to test species boundaries, characterize phylogeographic patterns of genetic diversity, and guide the Endangered Species Act listing decision for a North American freshwater mussel species complex Astragalus species complex genetic data from southeast Utah (Grand County and San Juan County), USA Penstemon grahamii genetic data from a dryland region of the western United States Carex specuicola genomic data for the southern Colorado Plateau Desert 'Viva' native plant material data in support of restoration and conservation Hilaria jamesii data for the Colorado Plateau of the southwestern United States Molecular data used to test species boundaries, characterize phylogeographic patterns of genetic diversity, and guide the Endangered Species Act listing decision for a North American freshwater mussel species complex