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Between March 2002 and May 2011 periodic water level measurements were made in the well on the summit of Kīlauea Volcano using a 2,000-foot calibrated electric tape (Waterline Envirotech Ltd.) with graduations of 0.01 foot. Water level measurements resumed in March 2018. Calibration of the electric tape at the USGS Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility (HIF) in November 2018 revealed a displacement of 0.29 feet over 1,980 feet of the electric tape. We therefore estimate that the accuracy of the water level measurements is 0.3 foot (±9 cm). Water level measurements were referenced to the top of the wellhead, located at 1103 meters above sea level at the time of drilling in 1973.
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Methods Total element abundances in the bulk tephra samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) following a 4-acid digest at the USGS analytical laboratories in Denver, CO. Briefly, the tephra samples were digested using a mixture of hydrochloric, nitric, perchloric and hydrofluoric acids at low temperature following the methods of Crock and otheres (1983). The resultant fluid was aspirated into a 42-element ICP-MS for analysis following the analytical procedure of Briggs and Meier (2002). USGS geochemical reference materials BIR-1, BCR-1, and BHVO-1 were analyzed before and after Kilauea tephra samples for data quality control. Kīlauea sample A7-0641 was analyzed as an analytical...
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This data release contains selected results of whole-rock and glass analyses of lava samples collected during the 2018 eruption of Kilauea’s lower East Rift Zone (LERZ). Included are sampling-site information, eruptive vent/fissure, and sampling descriptions. During the 2018 LERZ eruption, the chemical analysis of lava samples was performed within hours of collection using an energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) pressed-pellet methodology. The accuracy of this method was evaluated by analyzing a subset of samples using the more widely accepted wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WD-XRF) fused-bead methodology. WD-XRF analyses were performed both during and after the eruption at the Hamilton Analytical...
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The 2018 lower East Rift Zone eruption of Kīlauea volcano, Island of Hawaiʻi, was one of the most destructive effusive eruptions worldwide in the past century, destroying over 700 structures (Neal and others, 2019; Meredith and others, 2022). Between May and September 2018, a total of 24 fissures opened, producing a lava flow field with an area of 36 km2. By the end of May, the eruption had focused at fissure 8, which produced the dominant lava flow of the eruption. This lava flow extended north from its vent in Leilani Estates and entered the ocean in Kapoho, reaching a total subaerial length of 13 km. This flow was active for about two months, from May 28 to August 4, followed by several weeks of weak vent...
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The 2018 lower East Rift Zone eruption of Kīlauea volcano, Island of Hawaiʻi, was one of the most destructive effusive eruptions worldwide in the past century, destroying over 700 structures (Neal and others, 2019; Meredith and others, 2022). Between May and September 2018, a total of 24 fissures opened, producing a lava flow field with an area of 36 km2. By the end of May, the eruption had focused at fissure 8, which produced the dominant lava flow of the eruption. This lava flow extended north from its vent in Leilani Estates and entered the ocean in Kapoho, reaching a total subaerial length of 13 km. This flow was active for about two months, from May 28 to August 4, followed by several weeks of weak vent...
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