This project will compare relative Culex abundances, and the prevalence of Plasmodium relictum, in mosquitoes and birds at the upper and lower bounds of a key portion of the kiwikiu and ‘akohekohe ranges. This information will be used to inform the design and implementation of landscape-level mosquito control technique. In addition, it will provide critical information on habitat suitability and imminent disease risk for the two critically endangered Maui forest birds. This project will provide baseline comparative information on mosquito distribution and avian malaria infection prevalence in mosquitoes and birds within a key portion of kiwikiu and ‘akohekohe range. The project products will be made available to the mosquito control steering committee and various working groups.