Vulnerability of shallow ground water and drinking-water wells to nitrate in the United States: Model of predicted nitrate concentration in U.S. ground water used for drinking (simulation depth 50 meters) -- Input data set for Hortonian overland flow (gwava-dw_hor)

Dates

Release Date: 2007-01-01
Time Period: 1991
Time Period: 2003
Publication Date: 2023-09-15

Citation

Hitt, K.J., 2007, Vulnerability of shallow ground water and drinking-water wells to nitrate in the United States: Model of predicted nitrate concentration in U.S. ground water used for drinking (simulation depth 50 meters) -- Input data set for Hortonian overland flow (gwava-dw_hor): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9WEDE3D.

Summary

These data were released prior to the October 1, 2016 effective date for the USGS’s policy dictating the review, approval, and release of scientific data as referenced in USGS Survey Manual Chapter 502.8 Fundamental Science Practices: Review and Approval of Scientific Data for Release. This data set represents infiltration excess overland flow estimated by TOPMODEL, in percent of streamflow, in the conterminous United States. The data set was used as an input data layer for a national model to predict nitrate concentration in ground water used for drinking. Nolan and Hitt (2006) developed two national models to predict contamination of ground water by nonpoint sources of nitrate. The nonlinear approach to national-scale Ground-WAter [...]

Summary

These data were released prior to the October 1, 2016 effective date for the USGS’s policy dictating the review, approval, and release of scientific data as referenced in USGS Survey Manual Chapter 502.8 Fundamental Science Practices: Review and Approval of Scientific Data for Release.

This data set represents infiltration excess overland flow estimated by TOPMODEL, in percent of streamflow, in the conterminous United States. The data set was used as an input data layer for a national model to predict nitrate concentration in ground water used for drinking. Nolan and Hitt (2006) developed two national models to predict contamination of ground water by nonpoint sources of nitrate. The nonlinear approach to national-scale Ground-WAter Vulnerability Assessment (GWAVA) uses components representing nitrogen (N) sources, transport, and attenuation. One model (GWAVA-S) predicts nitrate contamination of shallow (typically less than 5 meters deep), recently recharged ground water, which may or may not be used for drinking. The other (GWAVA-DW) predicts ambient nitrate concentration in deeper supplies used for drinking. This data set is one of 14 data sets (1 output data set and 13 input data sets) associated with the GWAVA-DW model. Full details of the model development are in Nolan and Hitt (2006). For inputs to the model, spatial attributes representing 13 nitrogen loading and transport and attenuation factors were compiled as raster data sets (1-km by 1-km grid cell size) for the conterminous United States (see table 1). >Table 1.-- Parameters of nonlinear regression model for > nitrate in ground water used for drinking (GWAVA-DW) > and corresponding input spatial data sets. > [kg, kilograms; km2, square kilometers.] > >Nitrogen Source Factors Data Set Name > 1 farm fertilizer (kg/hectare) gwava-dw_ffer > 2 confined manure (kg/hectare) gwava-dw_conf > 3 orchards/vineyards (percent) gwava-dw_orvi > 4 population density (people/km2) gwava-dw_popd > >Transport to Aquifer Factors > 5 water input (km2/cm) gwava-dw_wtin > 6 glacial till (yes/no) gwava-dw_gtil > 7 semiconsolidated sand aquifers gwava-dw_semc > (yes/no) > 8 sandstone and carbonate rocks gwava-dw_sscb > (yes/no) > 9 drainage ditch (km2) gwava-dw_ddit > 10 Hortonian overland flow gwava-dw_hor > (percent of streamflow) > >Attenuation Factors > 11 fresh surface water withdrawal gwava-dw_swus > for irrigation (megaliters/day) > 12 irrigation tailwater recovery (km2) gwava-dw_twre > 13 Dunne overland flow gwava-dw_dun > (percent of streamflow) > 14 well depth (meters) - "Farm fertilizer" is the average annual nitrogen input from commercial fertilizer applied to agricultural lands, 1992-2001, in kilograms per hectare. "Confined manure" is the average annual nitrogen input from confined animal manure, 1992 and 1997, in kilograms per hectare. "Orchards/vineyards" is the percent of orchards/vineyards land cover classification. "Population density" is 1990 block group population density, in people per square kilometer. "Water input" is the ratio of the total area of irrigated land to precipitation, in square kilometers per centimeter. "Glacial till" is the presence or absence of poorly sorted glacial till east of the Rocky Mountains. "Semiconsolidated sand aquifers" is the presence or absence of semiconsolidated sand aquifers. "Sandstone and carbonate rocks" is the presence or absence of sandstone and carbonate rock aquifers. "Drainage ditch" is the area of National Resources Inventory surface drainage, field ditch conservation practice, in square kilometers. "Hortonian overland flow" is infiltration excess overland flow estimated by TOPMODEL, in percent of streamflow. "Fresh surface water withdrawal for irrigation" is the amount of fresh surface water withdrawal for irrigation, in megaliters per day. "Irrigation tailwater recovery" is the area of National Resources Inventory irrigation system, tailwater recovery conservation practice, in square kilometers. "Dunne overland flow" is saturation overland flow estimated by TOPMODEL, in percent of streamflow. "Well depth" is the depth of the well, in meters. Well depth was not compiled as a spatial data set. Well depth equals 50 meters for the model simulation being presented. Reference cited: Nolan, B.T. and Hitt, K.J., 2006, Vulnerability of shallow ground water and drinking-water wells to nitrate in the United States: Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 40, no. 24, pages 7834-7840.

Contacts

Point of Contact :: U.S. Geological Survey, Integrated Modeling &Prediction Division
Originator :: Hitt, K.J.
Metadata Contact :: U.S. Geological Survey
SDC Data Owner :: Integrated Modeling & Prediction Division
USGS Mission Area :: Water Resources

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gwava-dw_hor.xml Original FGDC Metadata	View	34.33 KB	application/fgdc+xml
gwava-dw_hor.tgz		373 KB	application/x-gzip
gwava-dw_hor.txt.gz		687.46 KB	application/x-gzip
index.html		28.91 KB	text/html
gwava-dw_out.jpg		36.88 KB	image/jpeg

Related External Resources

Type: Related Primary Publication

Related Primary Publication	https://water.usgs.gov/nawqa/nutrients/pubs/est_v40_no24/
Related Primary Publication	http://pubs3.acs.org/acs/journals/doilookup?in_doi=10.1021/es060911u

Type: browseImage

Map of nitrate concentration in U.S. ground water used for drinking, as predicted by the GWAVA-DW model.	https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/631405bed34e36012efa3112?name=gwava-dw_out.jpg

Purpose

This particular data layer was created to help characterize nitrogen transport factors at a national level for input to a national model to predict nitrate concentration in ground water used for drinking. Nitrate is considered to be the most widespread contaminant in ground water. High nitrate concentration in ground water is a concern for human health, and protecting drinking water sources is a national priority. The U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program monitors the occurrence and distribution of nitrate and other contaminants in ground water and streams. However, because monitoring everywhere for the occurrence and distribution of nitrate in ground water is impractical, national water-quality models are used to address data gaps. The goal of the current study was to predict ground water vulnerability to nitrate at the national scale, to complement measured data.

Vulnerability of shallow ground water and drinking-water wells to nitrate in the United States: Model of predicted nitrate concentration in U.S. ground water used for drinking (simulation depth 50 meters) -- Input data set for Hortonian overland flow (gwava-dw_hor)

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