8. Standard operating procedures

Dates

Publication Date: 2024-08-06
Time Period: 2022-08-21

Citation

Meyer, J.M., Kokaly, R.F., Hoefen, T.M., Cox, E.M., and Swayze, G.A., 2024, Reflectance spectra collected August 16, 2022, at Smith Creek Valley, Nevada, with an ASD FieldSpecⓇ 4 Hi-Res NG spectrometer for calibration/validation of imaging spectrometer data: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9E2TSDF.

Summary

A full description of all collection and processing steps is included in this data release as: ‘SmithCreekPlayaNV_16aug2022_ProcessingSteps.pdf’. Reflectance data were collected using Malvern Panalytical ASD FieldSpec® 4 Hi-Res NG Spectroradiometers with custom VNIR gratings (hereafter referred to as ASD spectrometers) on August 16, 2022, at a field site in Smith Creek Valley, Nevada, USA. The ASD spectrometers used have a spectral range of 0.35 to 2.5 micronswith 2151 channels of data reported (Malvern Panalytical, 2018). Reflected sunlight was measured with the bare fiber (no fore optic), having a field of view of ~22 degrees, while traversing the area of the field site. Additional measurements of reflected artificial light were [...]

Summary

A full description of all collection and processing steps is included in this data release as: ‘SmithCreekPlayaNV_16aug2022_ProcessingSteps.pdf’.

Reflectance data were collected using Malvern Panalytical ASD FieldSpec® 4 Hi-Res NG Spectroradiometers with custom VNIR gratings (hereafter referred to as ASD spectrometers) on August 16, 2022, at a field site in Smith Creek Valley, Nevada, USA. The ASD spectrometers used have a spectral range of 0.35 to 2.5 micronswith 2151 channels of data reported (Malvern Panalytical, 2018). Reflected sunlight was measured with the bare fiber (no fore optic), having a field of view of ~22 degrees, while traversing the area of the field site. Additional measurements of reflected artificial light were made at discrete sample points within the field site using an ASD Hi-Brite Contact Probe. Averages of relative reflectance spectra for the field site were computed separately from the sunlight and artificial light measurements. These averages were converted from relative reflectance to absolute reflectance by compensating for the absorption properties of the reference panel, a National Institute of Standards and Technology traceable Labsphere Spectralon® 99% reflective panel. Parts of the averaged artificial light spectrum were merged with the averaged sunlight spectrum because atmospheric gases, e.g., water vapor, oxygen, and carbon dioxide, have strong absorption in parts of the measured wavelength region and the ASD spectrometers have low signal-to-noise ratio in parts of that wavelength range. To form the merged average absolute reflectance spectrum, segments of the averaged absolute reflectance from the artificial light measurements were scaled multiplicatively and merged with the averaged absolute reflectance from sunlight measurements. The merged spectrum is suitable for comparison with imaging spectrometer data across the full ASD wavelength range. At the field site, representative hand samples were collected. These samples were measured at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) laboratories in Denver, Colorado, using an ASD spectrometer. In this data release we provide the following data files in the specified formats; 1. Raw ASD spectrometer binary files recorded on the spectrometer in ASD Indico format (.asd files; Malvern Panalytical, 2018), 2. Latitude, longitude coordinates, date and UTC times of acquisition, and other metadata for all recorded field spectra in comma separated value (CSV) format (.csv extension) 3. Average of the reflected sunlight measurements in text file (.txt extension), 4. Average of the artificial light measurements in text file (.txt extension), 5. Merged sunlight/artificial light spectrum in text file (.txt extension), 6. Average of the laboratory measurements in text file (.txt extension), 7. Bounding polygon of field site in Zip-compressed Keyhole Markup Language (KMZ) and shapefile vector formats (.kmz and .shp extensions), 8. Various photos of the field site, measurement techniques, and sky conditions in Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) format (.jpg files).

Contacts

Point of Contact :: John M. Meyer, USGS
Originator :: John M. Meyer, Raymond F. Kokaly, Todd M. Hoefen, Evan M. Cox, Gregg A. Swayze
Metadata Contact :: John M. Meyer, U.S. Geological Survey
Publisher :: U.S. Geological Survey
Distributor :: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase

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SmithCreekPlayaNV_16aug2022_Standard_Operating_Procedures_page.xml “Standard operating procedures page” Original FGDC Metadata	View	43.71 KB	application/fgdc+xml
MRP-SPECLAB-SOP-02.02 MEASUREMENTS WITH THE ASD SPECTROMETERS.pdf “MEASUREMENTS WITH THE ASD SPECTROMETERS”		717.98 KB	application/pdf
MRP-SPECLAB-SOP-08.02 MEASURING REFERENCE STANDARDS.pdf “MEASURING REFERENCE STANDARDS”		2.76 MB	application/pdf
SmithCreekPlayaNV_16aug2022_processing_steps.pdf “Processing Steps”		141.96 KB	application/pdf

Related External Resources

Type: Related Primary Publication

Thompson, D.R., Green, R.O., Bradley, C., Brodrick, P.G., Mahowald, N., Dor, E.B., Bennett, M., Bernas, M., Carmon, N., Chadwick, K.D., Clark, R.N., Coleman, R.W., Cox, E., Diaz, E., and others, 2024, On-orbit calibration and performance of the EMIT imaging spectrometer: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 303, p. 113986, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2023.113986.	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2023.113986

Purpose

ASD spectrometer data were collected in the field for comparison with imaging spectrometer data collected from aircraft, e.g., AVIRIS-Classic (Vane and others, 1993), and from space, e.g., EMIT (Thompson and others, 2023, Green and others, 2021) and EnMAP (Storch and others, 2023). Because the field data have fine spectral resolution and were collected over a large area, they are applicable to calibration or validation of these and other airborne and spaceborne imaging spectrometers and multispectral sensors.

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