Gaither, T.A., Gullikson, A.L., Hagerty, J.J., Roddy, D.J., and Boyce, J.M., 2023, Meteor Crater, Northern Arizona: Drill Hole Sample Collection, 1970-1973, and Curation, 2010-2013: U.S. Geological Survey data release. https://doi.org/10.5066/P9SWO5OO.
Summary
Meteor Crater, located in northern Arizona, is one of the best preserved and easily accessible impact sites on Earth. Scientific investigations of this crater have led to improvements in our understanding of impact mechanics, cratering dynamics, and ejecta distribution [e.g., 1-5]. In addition, this site has a rich history as a terrestrial analog that has been used for training astronauts, scientists, and engineers [e.g., 6-8]. In the 1970s Dr. David Roddy conducted a rotary drilling campaign at Meteor Crater, along the rim, flanks, and surrounding ejecta blanket [9]. This work resulted in 2,500 m of drill cuttings from 161 drill holes. The original samples were placed in sandwich-sized plastic bags with slips of paper that recorded [...]
Summary
Meteor Crater, located in northern Arizona, is one of the best preserved and easily accessible impact sites on Earth. Scientific investigations of this crater have led to improvements in our understanding of impact mechanics, cratering dynamics, and ejecta distribution [e.g., 1-5]. In addition, this site has a rich history as a terrestrial analog that has been used for training astronauts, scientists, and engineers [e.g., 6-8]. In the 1970s Dr. David Roddy conducted a rotary drilling campaign at Meteor Crater, along the rim, flanks, and surrounding ejecta blanket [9]. This work resulted in 2,500 m of drill cuttings from 161 drill holes. The original samples were placed in sandwich-sized plastic bags with slips of paper that recorded drilling information (depth, hardness, losses) and sample notes [10]. They were stored in core boxes labeled with the drill hole number and footage interval. In 2008, a modern curation process was begun to properly document and store these invaluable samples, following procedures developed with guidance from the USGS Core Research Center. Samples were transferred to 200 mL polyethylene bags and placed in new, more durable storage boxes. All pertinent information from each sample bag was recorded in a digital database. For long-term archival purposes, 5 mL of representative material from each drill hole sample was placed in a separate 20 mL polyethylene bag labeled with the drill hole number and depth. Each archival sample was placed in a protective manila coin envelopes, labeled with drill hole number and depth. The archival sample collection is stored in a separate building from the full sample collection. The Meteor Crater Sample Collection is stored on the USGS Flagstaff campus. Images and sample data can be accessed electronically through the USGS Astrogeology website (https://www.usgs.gov/centers/astrogeology-science-center/science/terrestrial-analog-sample-collections?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects). This site includes an interactive map and links to drill hole documentation and database, as well as sample request forms. 1. Shoemaker, E. M. (1959) USGS OFR 59-108. 2. Shoemaker, E. M. (1963) In: Moon, Meteorites, and Comets, v. 4, p. 301-336. 3. Mittlefehldt, D. W. (2005) GSA Special Paper v. 384, p. 367-390. 4. Artemieva, N. and Pierazzo, E. (2009) Meteor. and Planet. Sci. v. 44, p. 25-42. 5. Artemieva, N. and Pierazzo, E. (2011) Meteor. and Planet. Sci. v. 46, p. 805-829. 6. Schaber, G. G. (2005) USGS OFR 2005-1190, 1161 p. 7. Kring, D. A. (2007) Lunar and Planetary Inst. 150 p. 8. Evans, C. A., et at. (2020) AGU Fall meeting, abstract #P063-01. 9. Roddy, D. J., et al. (1975) Proc. Lunar Sci. Conf. 6th, p. 2621-2644. 10. Hagerty, J. J. et al. (2010) Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, abstract #2213.
The sample collection has been properly curated following the evaluation criteria for preservation established by the USGS Geologic Collections Management System (GCMS) and is available for check out to professional scientists. The goal of the Meteor Crater rotary drilling program was to characterize the ejecta blanket in terms of its thickness and nature of the stratigraphy, and determine the structural uplift of the bedrock beneath the ejecta. A continuous collection of drill cuttings was made for this purpose and to provide material for future studies of hypervelocity impact cratering, ejecta emplacement, ejecta blanket formation, to name a few.
