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Understanding how different crops use water over time is essential for planning and managing water allocation, water rights, and agricultural production. The main objective of this paper is to characterize the spatiotemporal dynamics of crop water use in the Central Valley of California using Landsat-based annual actual evapotranspiration (ETa) from 2008-2018 derived from the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model. Crop water use for ten crops are characterized at multiple scales. The Mann-Kendall trend analysis revealed a significant increase in area cultivated with almonds and their water use, with an annual rate of change of 16,327 hectares in area and 13,488 ha-m in water use. Conversely,...
The evaluation of historical water use in the Upper Rio Grande Basin (URGB), United States and Mexico, using Landsat-derived actual evapotranspiration (ETa) from 1986 to 2015 is presented here as the first study of its kind to apply satellite observations to quantify long-term, basin-wide crop consumptive use in a large basin. The rich archive of Landsat imagery combined with the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model was used to estimate and map ETa across the basin and over irrigated fields for historical characterization of water-use dynamics. Monthly ETa estimates were evaluated using six eddy-covariance (EC) flux towers showing strong correspondence (r2 > 0.80) with reasonable error rates...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Document;
Tags: Landsat,
New Mexico,
SSEBop model,
Upper Rio Grande Basin,
actual evapotranspiration,
CONUS-wide actual ET (ETa) from Landsat thermal imagery-using the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model (version 4) in the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud computing platform. Over 150,000 Landsat satellite images were used to produce 10 years of annual ETa (2010-2019).
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Conterminous United States (CONUS),
Hydrology,
Land Use Change,
Remote Sensing,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
The associated geotiff rasters represents the total actual evapotranspiration (ETa) from June through September for the years 2004, 2006, 2008-2010, and 2013-2016 for the entire Klamath Basin in southern Oregon. The ETa was created using Landsat imagery and the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model to estimate actual ET and the Python scripts to complete that process is also provided. Additionally, the June-September average (mean) ETa for the "base years" of 2004, 2006, 2008-2010 and ETa Anomaly (deviation from the base years average mean) for each year between 2013-2016 is provided. Text files of SSEBop daily actual ET along with actual ET from Ameriflux eddy co-variance flux tower sites...
Upper Klamath Lake (UKL) is the source of the Klamath River that flows through southern Oregon and northern California. The UKL Basin provides water for 81,000+ ha (200,000+ acres) of irrigation on the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Klamath Project located downstream of the UKL Basin. Irrigated agriculture also occurs along the tributaries to UKL. During 2013–2016, water rights calls resulted in various levels of curtailment of irrigation diversions from the tributaries to UKL. However, information on the extent of curtailment, how much irrigation water was saved, and its impact on the UKL is unknown. In this study, we combined Landsat-based actual evapotranspiration (ETa) data obtained from the Operational Simplified...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation
The Landsat Collection 2 Provisional Actual Evapotranspiration Science Product is available for download from https://espa.cr.usgs.gov/. Actual Evapotranspiration (ETa) is the quantity of water that is removed from a surface due to the processes of evaporation and transpiration and is measured in millimeters (mm). ETa can be fundamental in the understanding of the spatiotemporal dynamics of water use over land surfaces. Landsat Collection 2 (C2) Provisional ETa Science Products are available globally for Landsat 4-5 Thematic Mapper (TM), Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+), and Landsat 8-9 Operational Land Imager/Thermal Infrared Sensor (OLI/TIRS) scenes that can be successfully processed to C2 Level-2...
Categories: Data;
Types: Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Actual evapotranspiration,
Landsat C2,
Level 3 product
The estimation and mapping of actual evapotranspiration (ETa) is an active area of applied research in the fields of agriculture and water resources. Thermal remote sensing-based methods, using coarse resolution satellites, have been successful at estimating ETa over the conterminous United States (CONUS) and other regions of the world. In this study, we present CONUS-wide ETa from Landsat thermal imagery-using the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model in the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud computing platform. Over 150,000 Landsat satellite images were used to produce 10 years of annual ETa (2010-2019). The accuracy assessment of the SSEBop results included point-based evaluation using monthly...
Historical (1984-2014) Landsat-based ET maps were generated for Palo Verde Irrigation District (PVID) and eight other sub-basins in parts of Middle and Lower Central Valley, California. A total of 3,396 Landsat images were processed using the Operational Simplified Surface Energy balance (SSEBop) model that integrates weather and remotely sensed images to estimate monthly and annual ET within the study areas over the 31 years. Model output evaluation and validation using gridded-flux data and water balance ET approaches indicated relatively strong association between SSEBop ET and validation datasets. Historical trend analysis of seven agro-hydrologic variables were done using the Seasonal Mann-Kendall test.
Understanding how different crops use water over time is essential for planning and managing water allocation, water rights, and agricultural production. The main objective of this paper is to characterize the spatiotemporal dynamics of crop water use in the Central Valley of California using Landsat-based annual actual evapotranspiration (ETa) from 2008 to 2018 derived from the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model. Crop water use for 10 crops is characterized at multiple scales. The Mann–Kendall trend analysis revealed a significant increase in area cultivated with almonds and their water use, with an annual rate of change of 16,327 ha in area and 13,488 ha-m in water use. Conversely, alfalfa...
Understanding how different crops use water over time is essential for planning and managing water allocation, water rights, and agricultural production. The main objective of this paper is to characterize the spatiotemporal dynamics of crop water use in the Central Valley of California using Landsat-based annual actual evapotranspiration (ETa) from 2008 to 2018 derived from the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model. Crop water use for 10 crops is characterized at multiple scales. The Mann–Kendall trend analysis revealed a significant increase in area cultivated with almonds and their water use, with an annual rate of change of 16,327 ha in area and 13,488 ha-m in water use. Conversely, alfalfa...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation
We developed an improved approach to the parameterization of the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model using the Forcing and Normalizing Operation (FANO). The FANO parameterization was implemented on two computing platforms using Landsat and gridded meteorological datasets: 1) Google Earth Engine (GEE) and 2) Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center Science Processing Architecture (ESPA). Evaluation was conducted by comparing modeled actual evapotranspiration (ETa) estimates with AmeriFlux Eddy Covariance (EC) and water balance ETa from level-8 Hydrologic Unit Code sub-basins in the conterminous United States for five water-years (Oct-Sep; 2009, 2011, 2013, 2016, 2018). The results...
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: CONUS,
Consumptive Use,
Evapotranspiration,
Hydrology,
Landsat,
Kansas is one of the most productive agricultural states in the United States, where agricultural irrigation is a primary user of underground and surface water. Because of low precipitation and declining groundwater levels in western and central Kansas, sustainable management of irrigation water resources is a critical issue in the agricultural productivity of the state. The objective of this study is to analyze and characterize the water use and water balance in the croplands of Kansas using satellite observations, meteorological data, and in situ irrigation water use records. We used actual evapotranspiration (ETa), precipitation, soil moisture, and irrigation water use to calculate water balance for Kansas in...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Kansas,
cropland,
irrigation,
pumping data,
remote sensing,
The evaluation of historical water use in the Upper Rio Grande Basin (URGB), United States and Mexico, using Landsat-derived actual evapotranspiration (ETa) from 1986 to 2015 is presented here as the first study of its kind to apply satellite observations to quantify long-term, basin-wide crop consumptive use in a large basin. The rich archive of Landsat imagery combined with the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model was used to estimate and map ETa across the basin and over irrigated fields for historical characterization of water-use dynamics. Monthly ETa estimates were evaluated using six eddy-covariance (EC) flux towers showing strong correspondence (r2 > 0.80) with reasonable error rates...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation
Global alfalfa-reference potential evapotranspiration (ETr) is a key model parameter in actual evapotranspiration (ETa) modeling for worldwide applications. This dataset was constructed for use with the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model as a key driver of the final ETa magnitude. SSEBop is a parametric energy balance-based model that determines actual ET as the product of two independent estimates: 1) the SSEBop modeled ET fraction (ETf), an index nominally varying between 0 and 1 and derived from observed Landsat surface temperature using satellite psychrometry, and 2) the potential ET (maximum) under environmental conditions for an alfalfa crop (in millimeters). As SSEBop ETf can now...
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Climatology,
ET modeling,
Global,
Hydrology,
Reference Evapotranspiration,
CONUS-wide annual water-year actual ET (ETa) data using Landsat resolution satellite imagery from the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model (version 2.6) with the Forcing and Normalizing Operation (FANO) parameterization. Raster data products were generated for five (5) water-years (Oct-Sep; 2009, 2011, 2013, 2016, 2018). Data and metadata is provided for individual GeoTIFF tiles distributed in the UTM Zone in which it lies, available for each water-year.
Categories: Data;
Types: GeoTIFF,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Conterminous United States (CONUS),
Evapotranspiration,
Landsat,
Water use
Evaluation of historical water use in the Upper Rio Grande Basin (URGB) using Landsat-derived actual evapotranspiration (ETa) from 1986 to 2015 is presented here as a first of its kind study applying satellite observations for quantifying long term, basin-wide crop consumptive use at a large basin. The rich archive of Landsat imagery combined with the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model was used to estimate and map ETa across the basin and over irrigated fields for historical characterization of water use dynamics. Monthly ETa estimates were evaluated using six eddy covariance (EC) flux towers showing strong correspondence (R2 > 0.80), with reasonable error rates (root mean square error...
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