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The USFWS (Service) supports the State of Hawai‘i in conserving endangered Hawaiian forest birds, through technical assistance and management support. Two critically endangered forest birds endemic to Kauaʻi, the ‘Akikiki and the ‘Akeke‘e, are facing imminent extinction (potentially within three years) if immediate action is not taken. The most important threat is introduced mosquito-borne diseases, amplified by climate change due to the movement of disease-carrying mosquitoes into high-elevation refugia as warming progresses. This threat cannot yet be addressed at a landscape level on Kaua‘i. A Service-funded structured decision-making process identified translocation as the next appropriate option for their conservation....
This project will compare relative Culex abundances, and the prevalence of Plasmodium relictum, in mosquitoes and birds at the upper and lower bounds of a key portion of the kiwikiu and ‘akohekohe ranges. This information will be used to inform the design and implementation of landscape-level mosquito control technique. In addition, it will provide critical information on habitat suitability and imminent disease risk for the two critically endangered Maui forest birds. This project will provide baseline comparative information on mosquito distribution and avian malaria infection prevalence in mosquitoes and birds within a key portion of kiwikiu and ‘akohekohe range. The project products will be made available to...
The development of a Climate Change Monitoring Network (CCMN) for Hawai’i is a shared goal of a wide variety of Federal, State, and local agencies and other entities charged with understanding and managing natural resources in the State. This CCMN would integrate repeated measurements of geophysical variables (e.g., solar radiation, rainfall, relative humidity, soil moisture, stream flow) and biological variables (e.g., vegetation composition, bird abundance, stream organisms) to provide an enhanced ability to understand ongoing and future changes in Hawai’i. To support this effort, this project developed a series of tools, GIS maps, and plots to visualize the unique and complex climate on the islands of Hawai’i....
The endemic subspecies of the Pacific sheath-tailed bat (payeyi; Emballonura semicaudata rotensis), and the Mariana swiftlet (chachaguak; Aerodramus bartschi) once inhabited many of the islands that comprise the Mariana archipelago (Lemke 1986, Flannery 1995, Ellison et al. 2003, Cruz et al. 2008). Both are insectivorous species that roost or nest almost exclusively in natural limestone caves (Pratt et al. 1987). Population threats to these two species primarily include habitat loss from past clearing of native forest for agriculture, with subsequent replacement by invasive vegetation (particularly Lantana camara), habitat degradation from feral goat browsing, persistent disturbance of nests and roosts, pesticide...
The objective of the project is to provide the Hawaii Division of Aquatic Resources (DAR) with easy-to-use geospatial tools necessary to running a science-based participatory 30x30 planning process, and the technical support and iterative evaluation activities required to ensure the tools are implemented effectively. The work will enable stakeholders to effectively engage with relevant spatial data and information as they identify areas for consideration in the 30x30 planning. The project will accomplish the proposed objectives by: 1) providing spatial data layers in the interactive SeaSketch platform; 2) working closely with DAR staff on facilitation technique; 3) reproducing existing analytical tools developed...
The Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge (Refuge), on the windward slopes of Mauna Kea, Hawai’i, is an important habitat for Hawaiian forest birds and plants, several of which are listed as endangered. Surrounding lands are managed by a variety of entities for conservation and other purposes. This landscape is experiencing environmental change, and is projected to experience altered temperatures and rainfall patterns in coming decades. In turn, these changes will likely alter the distributions of invasive weeds and mosquitoes, and reduce or eliminate populations of sensitive native species. The Refuge has conducted extensive forest restoration, and adjacent landowners are also conducting restoration activities....
Climate change poses significant challenges to food production, natural resources management, and public health. Initiatives like ‘Climate-Smart Agriculture” (e.g., FAO, UNDP) and the growing field of ‘Climate Services’ are emerging globally to provide stakeholders (producers, managers, communities) with better climate-related information and solutions to cope with increasing climate variability. The long-term relationships and diverse professional networks cultivated by Cooperative Extension faculty places them in a unique and critical position to help clients and stakeholders sustain and improve food security, ecosystem services, and local health and livelihoods in the face of climate change. The intent of the...
Recent studies show that past and ongoing environmental changes have been substantial and have likely already affected conservation efforts in Hawaii. Much of the state has experienced substantial drying, including decreases in mean annual precipitation since the 1920s, longer rainless periods, and decreasing stream flow. Temperatures have been increasing in the state for the last 40 years, especially at higher elevations where most native habitats and species currently persist. Unfortunately there are few long term monitoring efforts that allow us to understand plant species responses to these past, ongoing and future shifts in environmental conditions. Consequently, we know little about how environmental shifts...
Conservation partners in Hawaii are tasked with protecting and restoring native ecosystems across remote and varied landscapes in the face of continuous invasions of novel threats and a changing climate. Hundreds of species have been lost to extinction and hundreds more remain at risk. To guide their efforts, managers have dozens of excellent recovery plans that comprise reams of pages. Implementing those plans, however, poses an often‐overwhelming challenge because funds are not currently adequate to implement every plan in every place. As a result, managers make tough decisions on where to focus effort and which conservation actions should be implemented first. Those decisions must include locations and actions...
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The Hawaiian Islands are home to some of the world’s most culturally valuable but imperiled forest birds, including brightly colored native honeycreepers, many of which are threatened or endangered. One of the major threats these birds face is avian malaria, which is spread by a species of introduced mosquito and can have death rates exceeding 90 percent. For decades, upper mountain forests have provided refuge for Hawaiian forest birds because mosquitoes (and thus the disease) could not survive the cooler temperatures. However, warming associated with climate change could change this. Scientists used climate data and an epidemiological model to evaluate the future impacts of avian malaria on Hawaiian forest birds...
The USFWS (Service) supports the State of Hawai’i in conserving threatened and endangered (listed) Hawaiian species through technical assistance and management support. The State’s Division of Forestry and Wildlife (DOFAW) has jurisdiction over these listed species, and partners with non-governmental organizations, Federal agencies, and private landowners to manage populations toward recovery.; Recovery tasks include surveys and monitoring, habitat and population management, threat abatement, ex situ propagation, translocation, reintroduction, and research.The Service, through various programs, funds or facilitates much of this recovery work. For example, the Service is developing population models for listed species...
Micronesia’s island shorelines are threatened by multiple stressors including climate change impacts such as rising seas and changing storm patterns; as well as local disturbances like dredging, construction and mangroves overharvesting. There is a pressing need to increase the long-term resilience and adaptive capacity of Micronesia’s mangrove resources. This project intends to create an island-wide mangrove adaptation and management plan based on the compilation and application of multiple ongoing efforts connected to mangrove conservation in Pohnpei. The two main objectives are to: (1) Develop a consensus-based island-wide mangrove adaptation and management plan. The outcome of this objective is the adoption...
Assess the prevalence of ciguatoxins in reef fishes along a disturbance gradient created by a major coral bleaching event. Secondarily, the degree of temporal stability or seasonality in the prevalence of ciguatoxins in reef fishes over the course of the proposed study will be assessed. This project will produce a scientific report detailing the results of the habitat analyses, prevalence of ciguatoxins in the sampled Peacock Grouper and Kole, and the statistical analyses evaluating relationships between ciguatoxin prevalence and measured habitat variables.
The basic service objective is to provide expertise in survey design, field data collection, and data analysis so the Service and its multiple conservation partners will be able to devise and adopt an improved protocol for the HI Statewide Biannual Waterbird Survey that addresses currently unmet needs, in particular the capacity to address sampling objectives with multiple spatial scales of inference. Services to be performed by the contractor require extensive knowledge and expertise in the following: ecology and wetland utilization of endangered Hawaiian waterbirds in the main Hawaiian islands, how the HI Statewide Biannual Waterbird survey is currently being conducted (existing protocol), how the existing survey...
The National Conservation Training Center (NCTC) Climate Change workshop for Region 1 Refuges was a short, 2-day course providing hands-on training with dedicated coaches for applying climate-smart principles to real natural resource management plans and projects that are refuge specific. The training and coaching session is based on the guide Climate‐Smart Conservation: Putting Adaptation Principles into Practice. Teams, consisting of two or more people, will be coached using the climate-smart conservation framework and will develop climate-informed conservation goals and integrate adaption planning into on-going work. Teams will document their project at the end of the workshop with a short summary—See https://forestadaptation.org/Hackmatack,...
At the request of the Department of the Interior’s Office of Insular Affairs (OIA), the Pacific Climate Change Cooperative (PICCC) was asked to provide technical assistance to the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), Guam, American Sāmoa, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, and Palau in understanding and planning for localized impacts of global climate change. OIA requested that the PICCC engage key cross-sector decision makers and stakeholders within CNMI, Guam, American Sāmoa with the objectives to identify and articulate near-term priorities for funding as well as a process for developing long-term climate change adaptation plans. OIA also requested an analysis...
This workshop will build capacity within the Cooperative Extension Service (CES) in the College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources at the University of Hawaii at Manoa (CTAHR-UHM) to effectively incorporate climate science and climate-related information into CES programs and identify locally relevant strategies for climate adaptation. This effort will expand the work and impact of the Pacific Island Agroforesty Adaptation Initiative (PIAAI), a partnership between PICCC and College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources at the University of Hawaii at Manoa (CTAHR-UHM), currently focused on the Territories of Guam and American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. The Hawaii-focused...
One of the key needs in restoration planning is designing climate‐resilient ecosystems. However,choosing which species to use in restoration is often done with limited information on species traits andresource use patterns, community interactions, or future climatic conditions. We propose a landscapelevel approach that integrates the shifting niches of species under new climate regimes (using speciesdistribution models, SDMs) and the functional trait profiles of species. Such an approach can beparticularly fruitful in the lowland wet forest (LWF) ecosystem in Hawai‘i, which will face non‐analogclimate regimes, but where little work on climate responses of ecosystems has been done. In this study,we ask whether a...
The Pacific Island Climate Change Cooperative (PICCC) Climate Change Adaptation Video Series are a series of video created in close coordination with the PICCC profiling case studies of climate change adaptation as conducted by conservationists in Hawaiʻi. The videos are necessary in order to help educate, inform, and inspire the general public, peers, and potential conservation managers. The goals and objectives of the videos are to be engaging, exciting, and candid.
Climate change is the most pressing societal challenge of our time, with projected changes likely to result in cascading impacts to species, ecosystems, and ecosystem services. These impacts will exacerbate current resource challenges for the Hawaiian Islands, such as conflict over water resources, land use and degradation, and invasive species. Resource managers and conservation planners are addressing this challenge by revising current plans and practices with increased attention on potential climate impacts to natural resources, communities, and socioeconomic values to better meet long-term goals. We propose to support resource managers and planners of the main Hawaiian Islands in meeting this challenge by developing...
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