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Monthly Standardize Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), Daily soil-water potential (MPa) and soil temperature (degree C) data for plots from SageSuccess. The SageSuccess Project is a joint effort between USGS, BLM, and FWS to understand how to establish big sagebrush and ultimately restore functioning sagebrush ecosystems. Improving the success of land management treatments to restore sagebrush-steppe is important for reducing the long-term impacts of rangeland fire on sage-grouse and over 350 other wildlife species that use these habitats.
These data represent simulated ecological drought conditions for current climate, and for future climate represented by all available climate models at two time periods during the 21st century. These data were used to: 1) describe geographic patterns in ecological drought under historical climate conditions, 2) quantify the direction and magnitude of change in ecological drought, 3) identify areas and ecological drought metrics with projected changes that are robust across climate models, defined as drought metrics and locations where >90% of climate models agree in the direction of change.
These NetCDF data were compiled to investigate how rangelands in the western U.S. are limited by access to water. As a result, these ecosystems may be especially vulnerable to changes in water availability and drought as a result of climate change. This project utilized an ecosystem water balance model to quantify spatial and temporal patterns of rangeland ecological drought conditions under historical and future climate conditions. Water balance results were used to estimate several metrics that describe the seasonal timing and amount of moisture available for plant utilization in western rangelands. These data represent different aspects of water availability and drought. They are based on 1/16-degree gridded...
Wildlife species face threats from climate and land use change, which may exacerbate how extreme climatic events influence population persistence and biodiversity. Migratory waterbirds are especially vulnerable to hydrological drought via reduced availability of surface water habitats. We assessed how whooping cranes, an endangered species in the U.S. and Canada, modified habitat use and migration strategies during drought to understand this species’ resilience to changing conditions and adaptive capacity. The data included 8,555 night-roost sites used by 145 cranes, 2010–2022, under non-drought conditions, moderate drought, and extreme drought conditions.
This data release includes data-processing scripts, data products, and associated metadata for a remote-sensing based approach to characterize vegetation sensitivity to droughts from 2000 through 2016 in the U.S. states of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. Drought sensitivity analysis was conducted in minimally-disturbed (‘intact’) forest and shrub-steppe ecosystems, defined as 1-km pixels (i.e., grid cells) that had not experienced major recent insect mortality or fire. Drought conditions were assessed using the multi-scalar standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), for which positive values indicate wetter that average conditions and negative values indicate drier than average conditions for a given...
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Idaho,
Oregon,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
Washington,
droughts,
These data were collected to quantify oak mortality during the 2014-2017 drought. 30 tenth hectare drought plots were established throughout the blue oak woodland of Sequoia National Park. Information on species, size, and mortality were collected for all standing trees in each plot. In addition, two long-term 2.25 ha plots were established, in which the same data were collected. These data are associated with the following publication: Das, A.J., Ampersee, N.J., Pfaff, A.H., Stephenson, N.L., Swiecki, T.J., Bernhardt, E.A., Haggerty, P.K. and Nydick, K.R., 2020. Tree mortality in blue oak woodland during extreme drought in Sequoia National Park, California. Madroño, 66(4), pp.164-175.
Categories: Data;
Tags: Ecology,
Sequoia National Park,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
biota,
blue oak,
These data were compiled for a study that investigated the effects of drought seasonality and plant community composition in a dryland ecosystem. In 2015 U.S. Geological Survey ecologists recorded vegetation and soil moisture data in 36 experimental plots which manipulated precipitation in two plant community types. The experiment consisted of three precipitation treatments: control (ambient precipitation), cool-season drought (-66% ambient precipitation November-April), and warm-season drought (-66% ambient precipitation May-October), applied in two plant communities (perennial grasses with or without a large shrub, Ephedra viridis) over a three-year period. These data were collected from 2015 to 2022 near Canyonlands...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Achnatherum hymenoides,
Botany,
C3 photosynthesis,
C4 photosynthesis,
Canyonlands National Park,
These data describe tree mortality and the factors associated with tree mortality for a variety of plots in Sequoia National Park. Most of the data were collected between 2014 and 2017 (during an extremely severe drought), along with some comparison data from 2004 to 2007. These data support the following publication: Stephenson, N.L., Das, A.J., Ampersee, N.J., Bulaon, B.M., and Yee, J.L., In review. Which trees die during drought? The key role of insect host-tree selection, Journal of Ecology
Categories: Data;
Tags: California,
Forestry,
Sequoia National Park,
Sierra Nevada,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
In recent decades the encroachment of woody mangrove species into herbaceous marshes has been documented along the U.S. northern Gulf of Mexico coast. These species shifts have been attributed primarily to rising sea levels and warming winter temperatures, but the role of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and water availability may become more prominent drivers of species interactions under future climate conditions. In this greenhouse study we examined the effects of CO2 concentration (ambient, elevated) and water regime (drought, saturated, flooded) on early growth of the mangrove species Avicennia germinans and Spartina alterniflora, a herbaceous grass.
Amphibians are among the most sensitive taxa to climate change, and species inhabiting arid and semiarid landscapes at the extremes of their range are especially vulnerable to periods of drought. The Jack Creek, Oregon, USA population of Oregon spotted frogs (Rana pretiosa) faces unique challenges occupying the highest elevation site in the species’ extant range and one that has been hydrologically transformed by loss of American beaver (Castor canadensis). We evaluated the effect of drought mitigation (addition of excavated ponds) on relationships between local water availability, legacy beaver dams, and R. pretiosa population dynamics in the Jack Creek system. We conducted capture-mark-recapture sampling at a...
Model generated soil pore water salinity (psu) values under scenarios of drought and normal conditions at Tidal Freshwater Forested Wetlands (TFFW) sites along the Waccamaw River and Savannah River in the Southeastern United States.
Categories: Data;
Tags: Coastal environment,
Droughts,
Ecology,
Evapotranspiration,
Forested wetlands,
A biogeochemistry model was developed to examine plant gross primary productivity (GPP), net primary productivity (NPP), plant respiration, soil respiration, soil organic carbon sequestration rate and storage under scenarios of drought and normal conditions at Tidal Freshwater Forested Wetlands (TFFW) sites along the Waccamaw River and Savannah River in the Southeastern United States.
These data were compiled to identify potential contributions of drought and inundation tolerance to vegetation composition along the Colorado River. Objective(s) of our study were to quantify physiological and growth responses of different plant species to drought and inundation. These data represent measurements taken on container plants in a greenhouse, and hydrological niche values based on field monitoring data that are published elsewhere. These data were collected in summer of 2022 at the Northern Arizona University Research Greenhouse Complex. These data were collected by Northern Arizona University and U.S. Geological Survey scientists in a greenhouse and laboratory setting. These data can be used to assess...
This dataset contains the result of simulated daily emissions of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) from the soils in Tidal Freshwater Forested Wetlands (TFFW) along the Waccamaw River (SC, USA) and the Savannah River (GA and SC, USA) under drought-induced saltwater intrusion using a process-driven biogeochemistry model.
This dataset contains data pertaining to chaparral vegetation dieback based on the difference or change in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) prior to and 6 years into an extensive drought before the 2017 Thomas and 2018 Woolsey Fires in southern California. The difference in mean NDVI is provided for 9322 study plots as are values for a number of physical and climatological variables and burn severity following the two fires. These data support the following publication: Keeley, J.E., Brennan-Kane, T.J., and Syphard, A.D., 2022. The effects of prolonged drought on vegetation dieback and megafires in southern California chaparral. Ecosphere, 13(8), e4203. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4203.
Categories: Data;
Types: Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
Shapefile;
Tags: Chaparral,
Climatology,
Ecology,
Environmental Health,
Remote Sensing,
These data represent stem growth from whitebark pine at 27 sites in the Sierra Nevada of California. Values for stem growth were derived from increment cores, processed following standard methods. Samples were also compared against a genomic data collected at the same trees. These data support the following publication: van Mantgem, P.J., Milano, E.R., Dudney, J., Nesmith, J.C.B, Vandergast, A.G., and Zald, H.S.J., 2023. Growth, drought response, and climate-associated genomic structure in whitebark pine in the Sierra Nevada of California. Ecology and Evolution. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.10072.
Categories: Data;
Tags: California,
Sierra Nevada,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
biota,
carbon isotope analysis,
This dataset records mortality-- including involvement of bark beetles-- and burn severity information for trees in long term forest dynamics plots in Sequoia National Park and Yosemite National Park that experienced fire. These data support the following publication: Furniss, T.J., Das, A.J., van Mantgem, P.J., Stephenson, N.L. and Lutz, J.A., 2021. Crowding, climate, and the case for social distancing among trees. Ecological Applications, p.e2507, https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2507
Categories: Data;
Tags: California,
Forestry,
Sequoia National Park,
Sierra Nevada,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
This release consists of data collected from 26 plots in two national parks over a 19-year period. The data consists of plot-level seed counts for three genera, number of seed traps, live tree basal area, plot area, and climate metrics from the gridmet gridded data set, the daymet gridded data set, the PRISM gridded data set, and two nearby COOP stations.
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: California,
Holocene,
Sequoia-Kings National Park,
Terrestrial surface,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
These data consist of environmental covariates and estimated plot-level mortality of ponderosa pine trees. Environmental covariates include growing season temperature and soil moisture, and values are summarized into long-term mean conditions, and anomalies observed between forest inventory sampling events for each plot. Data also include plot locations (with uncertainty introduced by the US Forest Service to maintain private property rights), plot basal area, and several variables related to estimated mortality rate of ponderosa pine trees under various assumptions about basal area conditions.
These data were compiled using a new multivariate matching algorithm that transfers simulated soil moisture conditions (Bradford et al. 2020) from an original 10-km resolution to a 30-arcsec spatial resolution. Also, these data are a supplement to a previously published journal article (Bradford et al., 2020) and USGS data release (Bradford and Schlaepfer, 2020). The objectives of our study were to (1) characterize geographic patterns in ecological drought under historical climate, (2) quantify the direction and magnitude of projected responses in ecological drought under climate change, (3) identify areas and drought metrics with projected changes that are robust across climate models for a representative set of...
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