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The National Aeronautics and Space Administration, working with members of the scientific community, has determined that early manned lunar exploration will be oriented primarily to investigations in the geosciences. Exploration by man on the lunar surface will, therefore be geological, geophysical, geochemical, geochemical, and surveying in nature, and will be directed to the physical and chemical characteristics of the lunar crust, and to measurements that will furnish data pertinent to understanding the physics of the Moon. Scientific exploration of the Moon will provide information fundamental to understanding the origin and composition of the Solar System, and engineering data important to the design of specific...
Memo detailing the Apollo 16 field exercises at the Nevada Test Site from 19711026 to 19711028.
Annotated example of data to consider for geology traverse check list for lunar surface EVAs
This map shows the geology in and around two potential early Apollo landing sites in the lunar equatorial belt. The Wichmann CA region is in Oceanus Procellarum, south of the equator, approximmately 320 km south of the crater Kepler. It is covered by mare material with numerous ridges, low domes, craters, and crater clusters. Relatively few of the craters are larger than 200 m across. Terra material is absent.
A field test held in the Hopi Buttes, Arizona, was planned to test geological, geophysical, and analytical operations and instruments that are of potential use in Apollo Extension Systems lunar surface missions. The test was conducted under "shirt-sleeve" conditions, but potentially useful methods of recording and compiling information during lunar exploration were employed. The test showed that by using specially planned procedures, field and analytical information can be evaluated during field operations and compiled at a location that is remote from the field. It also showed that the more information that is analyzed as operations progress, the more effectively can succeeding operations be conducted. Experience...
When the Apollo astronauts land on the Moon, their precise location will not be known. The real-time geologic mapping planned for the first mission could best be done if the exact position of the landing site were determined. The astronauts may have to find their position, with or without assistance from the Earth-based scientific mission center, before leaving the Lunar Module (LM), and the less time this takes, the more time will be available for exploring the lunar surface.
The original geologic maps of the Apennine-Hadley region (I-723) were published in 1971 as two map sheets (1:250,000 and 1:50,000) in a Transverse Mercator projection to support the Apollo 15 mission, the fourth crewed mission to land on the Moon (July 26 – August 7, 1971). These renovated versions of the 1:50k and 1:250k maps represent a best effort to capture and preserve the fidelity of the original mapping effort in an interactive digital format. These maps are not updated versions or reinterpretations of the original geologic maps which were based on Lunar Orbiter images, but spatial adjustments to a Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Wide Angle Camera (WAC) basemap to make the maps more compatible with current...
Geology training report for the period of 419710820 to 19711231 detailing photos and samples taken by each participant for each part of the exercise.
Geology training report from 19710820 to 19711231 detailing photos taken and samples collected by each participant for each exercise.
Incorporated into USGS OpenFile Report #1094, "The Geologic Classification of the Meteorites", these materials were written by Donald Elston and contain figures, photos, and charts to help astronauts (who were not trained geologists) be able to identify and articulately describe the geologic observations they made on the lunar surface.
This document updates the training requirements for the Apollo 16 and 17 SIM Bay.
Guide to the Geology of Sudbury Basin, Ontario, Canada for the Apollo 17 flight crews participating in the field training exercises.
At the suggestion of the Planetology Subcommittee of the Space Sciences Steering Committee, an active engineering seismic experiment originally proposed by J. S. Watkins, J. Cl. De Bremaecker, and M. F. Kane was incorporated into the Early Apollo Active Seismic Experiment originally proposed by R. L. Kovach . J. S. Watkins was made co-experimenter for the Early Apollo Active Seismic Experiment with the responsibility of developing the engineering seismic part of the experiment (sometimes called the Short Array); R. L. Kovach was appointed the principal investigator for the experiment with overall responsibility for the development of the experiment , and particular responsibility for the development of his mortar-firing...
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration plans to land two astronauts on the Moon as a part of the Apollo Space Program. The questions arise: What should the astronauts do on the surface and what information should they gather? This report proposes answers to these questions by describing a possible series of scientific activities, or mission profiles, to be performed by the astronauts on the lunar surface during the first seven missions.
Systems and shirt-sleeve operations tests were conducted at the Bonito Flow test site from April 5 through April 9. The tests provided the opportunity to evaluate field test logistics, systems compatibility, systems operation, and geological field and control center operations. This report summarizes the evaluations that bear on the potential usefulness of systems and operations.
Details of field exercises to assess the readiness of astronauts to perform geologic investigations on the lunar surface. They include landscape description, geologic mapping, mobile traverse descriptions, impact crater description, depression description, and detailed mapping.
Letter concerning Apollo 17 training exercises at Nevada Test Site
Apollo 16 geology training schedule for January, 1972.
This is a collection of tables and graphs showing information on sample collection rates and types and photography rates.
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