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Eighteen species of native unionid mussels (Unionidae) were recovered from sediments dredged from behind a coffer dam built during the construction of the Melvin Price Lock and Dam on the Upper Mississippi River. For three species (Amblema plicata, Anodonta grandis, and Obliquaria reflexa), shells in the dredged material were significantly smaller than those of the same species collected at about the same time from the other sites in Pool 26 of the Illinois and Mississippi Rivers. The concentration of juvenile specimens in the dredged material is thought to represent a de novo development associated with silt accumulation behind the coffer dam.
This paper presents the research results of statistical parameters associated with turbulence in a natural river caused by the movement of navigation traffic. Movement of navigation traffic within restricted inland waterways, such as the Illinois, Mississippi, or Ohio Rivers, changes their flow characteristics temporarily in space and time. These spatial and temporal changes must be quantified in order to assess their efforts on biologically sensitive areas, and they have seldom been evaluated for natural waterways. Data are collected from the Illinois River to evaluate these changes. The longitudinal and lateral components of fluctuating velocity, Reynolds stress, turbulent intensities, turbulent kinetic energy,...
This report summarizes the data collected by the Illinois State Water Survey from the Ohio River to determine the physical impacts of navigation. The Louisville District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers initiated the field project on the Ohio River in which various physical, chemical, and biological data were collected in connection with the movement of tows with barges. The Illinois State Water Survey participated in the collection of physical data with respect to barge traffic. Barges with tows of varying horsepower were rented by the Corps of Engineers and navigated up and down the Ohio River at predetermined frequencies at the test site. This experimental river traffic was controlled as to speed, direction,...
Larval fish were sampled with plankton nets at two backwater and two main channel stations in Pool 8 in 1990, and at one main channel and one backwater station in Pools 8 and 14 in 1989 (four stations each year). Growth of sunfish (Lepomis spp.) and freshwater drum (Aplodinotus grunniens) was estimated with a length-based method and an otolith-based method. For each method, instantaneous mortality was estimated by regressing the natural logarithm of fish catch for each 1-mm size group against the group's estimated age. For freshwater drum, length-based and otolith-based estimates of mortality were similar at three of four main channel stations. However, for larval sunfish, the otolith-based method provided more...
In March 1988 the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program requested that scopes of work be developed for three problems: sedimentation, navigation effects, and water level fluctuations. After consultations with two prominent plant ecologists, Dr. John Barko, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Environmental Laboratory, and Dr. John Titus, Southern University of New York, a scope of work was prepared outlining a study to determine concentrations of suspended solids limiting aquatic plant growth on the Upper Mississippi River. All work tasks were then prioritized by the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program's Problem Solving Work Group. This scope of work was recommended for funding, however, the timeframe for initiation of...
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During 1990, the fisheries component of the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program (LTRMP) conducted standardized sampling in Pools 4, 8, 13, and 26 of the Upper Mississippi River and La Grange Pool of the Illinois River. Fixed sampling sites from up to nine habitat classes were surveyed by seining, small "minnow" fyke netting, electrofishing, fyke netting, and hoop netting during two fish community sampling time periods (June 25 to August 3 and August 1 to September 17) and three special efforts to sample black crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus, channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, and sauger Stizostedeon canadense. A backwater and impounded habitat species complex characterized by bullhead minnow Pimephales vigilax,...
Movement of river traffic such as tows, barges, or recreational craft in navigable rivers and streams can temporarily alter the hydraulic characteristics of the river cross section. These changes may include bow, stern, or transverse waves; resuspension of bed sediments; changes in velocity structures either in close proximity to the moving vessel or within the water body; altered flow direction; and transport of sediment and water into side channels, sloughs, or backwater lakes. Research is being conducted at the Illinois State Water Survey to determine and evaluate the changes that may accompany the movement of river traffic within the Upper Mississippi River System (UMRS). The UMRS extends from Cairo, Illinois,...
In 1989, the Missouri Conservation Commission approved the Streams for the Future program designed to slow stream degradation and enhance and improve streams and corridors. Basin planning was developed to gather baseline hydrological, geomorphological, and biological information on the state's major stream basins. In 1987, the Fox River Basin was surveyed to assess stream habitat and fish communities. Data from the survey and information assimilated from the literature were used to develop this basin plan. The Fox River Basin drains 400 mi2 in northeastern Missouri and southeastern Iowa upstream of the gage station on the Fox River at Wayland, Missouri. The Fox River is a tributary to the Mississippi River. Approximately...
Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.) has become a nuisance plant species in North America. In recent years, it has become increasingly abundant in the Upper Mississippi River System (UMRS) and at some locations has regularly colonized areas which had previously hosted wild celery (Vallisneria americana Michx.), an important waterfowl food species. In summer 1993, initial efforts were undertaken to understand the environmental requisites of Myriophyllum in the UMRS. To accomplish this, a sampling grid was established within a Myriophyllum bed in Pool 7 near La Crosse, Wisconsin. Transects were spaced at 18.3-m (60-ft) intervals, with sample sites 9.15 m (30 ft) apart on transects. In total, 164 sites...
The 1993 Flood on the Upper Mississippi and Missouri Rivers is now considered the largest flooding event on these river basins. Not only were many miles of the rivers flooded, but there was also a significant amount of flooding to the interior of the country. More than 420 counties in all the midwestern states were declared disaster areas. Stages were exceeded many locations, hundreds of levees either failed or were overtopped, more than 500 scour holes developed, the rivers scoured their beds at numerous locations, sediments were deposited at many other locations, and the rivers attempted to create new channels and/or cutoffs during the peak periods. This paper is not intended to summarize the various factors associated...
The effects of changing levee and water level management practices on present habitat types and amounts on the Upper Mississippi River floodplain at Pool 25 were predicted. The intent of the study was to investigate a broad range of plans that would provide coarse resolution information and the tools needed to study specific plans in the future. Two conditions were investigated for levees: the present levee system and all levees removed. Five water level management plans were studied: the present plan, two plans that would increase water levels, and two plans that would decrease water levels. The levee and water level management variables resulted in a total of ten unique management alternatives. Each was studied...
Unionid mussels were collected by quadrat sampling at three mussel beds in Reach 15 of the Upper Mississippi River (UMR) between July 1994 and September 1995. A total of 7,107 unionids were collected representing 26 species, including the federally endangered Lampsilis higginsi, state endangered Plethobasus cyphyus and Cumberlandia monodonta, and state threatened Ellipsaria lineolata. Mean densities at our study sites ranged from 53.4 to 118.3 mussels/m2. Comparisons with data collected at these same sites in the early 1980s revealed significant declines in unionid abundance, sporadic recruitment, and extremely slow growth rates. Height-frequency histograms for commercially harvested species remain truncated at...
The likelihood of 1- or 2-foot drawdowns, and the area affected by such alternative drawdowns, was estimated for Pool 13 on the Upper Mississippi River. Minimum water surface (elevation) requirements were compared to computed water surface profiles to determine a critical low flow that would allow a navigation channel 400 feet wide and 10.5 feet deep. An upper limit on flow was established based on the flow at which open river conditions would exist for a given drawdown. The range in flows that would allow for a drawdown was used to estimate success rates using historical daily discharge data. Success rates were determined for a variety of drawdown durations between two time periods, May 1 August 15 and June 15...
The suspended sediment budget for Pool 13 of the Mississippi River and La Grange Pool of the Illinois River was examined over a 3-yr period (October 1995 through September 1997). Pool 13 output was between 3.07 and 3.64 million t (metric tons) of suspended sediment annually during the study period. Loads to Pool 13 were dominated by those delivered by the Mississippi River (76%, 74%, and 66% in the 1995, 1996, and 1997 water years, respectively). Pool 13 exhibited sediment export (output greater than input) in 1995, a balance in 1996, and marked sediment trapping (output less than input) in 1997. Within the three study years, Pool 13 received its highest water and sediment loads during spring (March through May)...
Using Long Term Resource Monitoring Program data collected from impounded (Pool 26) and unimpounded (Open River) reaches of the upper Mississippi River, we investigated population dynamics of flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris, channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, and blue catfish I. furcatusfrom random sites located in side channel border (SCB) and main channel border (MCB) habitats. Objectives were to (1) compare trends (1993–2007) of three catfishes collected in Pool 26 and Open River reaches of the upper Mississippi River, and (2) provide needed information to managers on population dynamics through time using a binary gear approach of active (i.e., daytime electrofishing) and passive gears (hoopnetting)....
Premise of the study: Consistent with the self-thinning law of plant population ecology, Niklas et al. in 2003 proposed that stem size-density distributions (SDDs) of multispecies forest communities should change in very predictable ways as a function of the effects of past disturbances on average tree size. To date, empirical tests of this hypothesis have not been pursued in floodplain settings. Methods: SDDs were constructed using tree stem-size and density data from forest plots positioned along a flood frequency and duration gradient in the Upper Mississippi River floodplain. Key Results: As flooding (both frequency and duration) increased, several small tree species were eliminated from forest plots and...
Geographic patterns can change through time and/or across space, and these changes can lead to differences in the movement pattern and body condition of organisms, their interactions with each other and their environment, and ultimately lead to population and community-level changes. When quantifying landscape patterns using remotely sensed data, it is important to recognize that each pixel (i.e. picture element) has a temporal and spatial context. A pixel’s temporal context refers to its past and present classification. The spatial context of a pixel depends on the classification of neighbouring pixels, and the size of the area considered as the neighbourhood. Despite the fact that pixels are the basic unit of...
The distribution of Missouri fishes is well documented in the Fishes of Missouri. However, prairie streams in Missouri have not been sampled as intensively as Ozark streams probably because the fauna is less rich and diverse. In the mid-1980s, the Missouri Department of Conservation implemented a program (Streams for the Future) to improve the awareness and understanding of Missouri streams. Several important products are resulting from this work, one of which is a better understanding of fish distribution in the state. In my paper, I describe new distributional records for eight species of fish and one species of amphibian from the glaciated till plains of northeastern Missouri and comment on the conservation status...
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