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Introduction This report defines the population structure, current and historic status, and life histories of “focal” fish species that inhabit the Columbia Cascade Province (CCP). Focal fish species are species of interest within the CCP that would benefit from restoration and conservation actions through the Subbasin Planning process.
Abstract Adult anadromous lampreys attack several species targeted by large-scale commercial fisheries in the North Pacific Ocean, and the potential negative impact to these host fishes is not well understood. The Arctic Lamprey Lethenteron camtschaticum and Pacific Lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus are anadromous species that feed in the eastern Bering Sea, and lamprey parasitism is evident on Pacific Cod Gadus macrocephalus near the Bering Slope. To examine this parasitic interaction, we first built models using morphological measurements from lamprey oral discs to predict which lamprey species caused the observed wounds on Pacific Cod. We then examined lamprey wounding rates and explored healing patterns related...
eBLIMP has developed an eDNA marker for Pacific Lamprey and a preliminary set of rangewide occurrence probability maps to assist with future surveys. The maps were developed by combining historical species occurrence observations from the Pacific Lamprey Conservation Initiative.
We developed five polymerase chain reaction-based markers that detect variation in the mitochondrial genome of the Pacific lamprey, Entosphenus tridentatus , across most of its range. Two gene fragments (ND2 and ND5) were amplified and digested with three and two restriction enzymes, respectively, detecting sequence variation at 18 sites (ND2 = 13; ND5 = 5) and yielding 29 composite haplotypes among 1246 lampreys. These sequencebased markers will be useful in a range of phylogeographical and population genetic studies.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report summarizes results of research activities conducted from 1996 through 1999. The findings in these chapters represent the efforts of the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR) and collaborative efforts among other researchers working on Pacific lampreys (Lampetra tridentata) under this project. The findings in these chapters will help management and recovery of Pacific lampreys in the Columbia River Basin. Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) of Pacific lampreys from tribal members within the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation was useful in gaining baseline life history information. Tribal members described harvesting two types of lampreys...
Environmental DNA (eDNA) detection has emerged as a powerful tool for monitoring aquatic organisms, but much remains unknown about the dynamics of aquatic eDNA over a range of environmental conditions. DNA concentrations in streams and rivers will depend not only on the equilibrium between DNA entering the water and DNA leaving the system through degradation, but also on downstream transport. To improve understanding of the dynamics of eDNA concentration in lotic systems, we introduced caged trout into two fishless headwater streams and took eDNA samples at evenly spaced downstream intervals. This was repeated 18 times from mid-summer through autumn, over flows ranging from approximately 1–96 L/s. We used quantitative...
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Little is known about the freshwater migration of adult Pacific lamprey (Lampetra tridentata) in the Willamette Basin. During 2005 we conducted 15 aerial radiotracking surveys to gain information on the movements, distribution, and habitat use of adult Pacific lamprey in the Willamette Basin. All fish were collected and tagged (N = 136) at Willamette Falls Dam as part of a USGS study that examined passage rates and behavior of Pacific lamprey (see Magie et al. 2006). Aerial tracking was conducted between June and December, with emphasis in the Willamette Basin above Willamette Falls. Thirty fish were detected overall: 26 out of 49 tagged fish known to have ascended Willamette Falls and continued...
In most multicellular organisms, the structure and content of the genome is rigorously maintained over the course of development. However some species have evolved genome biologies that permit, or require, developmentally regulated changes in the physical structure and content of the genome (programmed genome rearrangement: PGR). Relatively few vertebrates are known to undergo PGR, although all agnathans surveyed to date (several hagfish and one lamprey: Petromyzon marinus) show evidence of large scale PGR. To further resolve the ancestry of PGR within vertebrates, we developed probes that allow simultaneous tracking of nearly all sequences eliminated by PGR in P. marinus and a second lamprey species (Entosphenus...
Environmental DNA (eDNA) monitoring approaches promise to greatly improve detection of rare, endangered, and invasive aquatic species. Although research has shown eDNA to be a sensitive monitoring tool, rigorous comparisons to traditional field sampling methods have not been fully explored. Few studies have specifically examined the application of eDNA within a statistical framework that explicitly allows for direct comparison between eDNA and traditional field sampling approaches while simultaneously accounting for imperfect detection of both methods. An eDNA approach was compared to traditional seining methods for determining site occupancy and relative abundance of endangered tidewater goby (Eucyclogobius newberryi)...
General objectives for future DNA analysis of ocean-caught Pacific lamprey and coastal rivers outside of the continental United States. General requirements for future DNA analysis. General requirements for future statolith analysis.
Lampreys diverged from the jawed vertebrate lineage approximately 500 million years ago. Lampreys 28 undergo sex differentiation much later than most other vertebrates, and ovarian differentiation occurs 29 several years before testicular differentiation. The genetic basis of lamprey sex differentiation is of par- 30 ticular interest both because of the phylogenetic importance of lampreys and because of their unusual 31 pattern of sex differentiation. As well, differences between parasitic and non-parasitic lampreys may first 32 become evident at ovarian differentiation. However, nothing is known about the genetic basis of ovarian 33 differentiation in lampreys. This study examined potential differences in gene...
Abstract – Habitat characteristics associated with lamprey ammocoetes (Lampetra spp.) were investigated at three different spatial scales: regional (Northern Ireland), catchment (Ballinderry River) and microhabitat. At the regional scale, ammocoetes were more abundant in rivers with a pH ‡8.2, while within a catchment, abundance was negatively related to the number of potential lamprey barriers and distance upstream. At the microhabitat scale, at sites where ammocoetes were present, ammocoetes were more abundant where median phi ‡1.94 (very coarse sand), where sediment depth ‡11.5 cm, and where kurtosis was >1.71. This study provides information on habitat associations of lamprey in the UK which may be of use in...
Four behavioral experiments conducted in both the laboratory and the field provide evidence that adult sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) select spawning rivers based on the odor of larvae that they contain and that bile acids released by the larvae are part of this pheromonal odor. First, when tested in a recirculating maze, migratory adult lamprey spent more time in water scented with larvae. However, when fully mature, adults lost their responsiveness to larvae and preferred instead the odor of mature individuals. Second, when tested in a flowing stream, migratory adults swam upstream more actively when the water was scented with larvae. Third, when migratory adults were tested in a laboratory maze containing still...
Mitochondrial DNA variation among 1246 individuals of Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) from 81 populations spanning 2600 km from the Skeena River, British Columbia, to the Ventura River, California, was surveyed using five restriction enzymes. A total of 29 composite haplotypes was detected in two gene fragments (ND2 and ND5). The three most common haplotypes, occurring in 91% of all samples, were present at similar frequencies in all regions. Samples were divided into six biogeographic regions based on sample distribution and geographical landmarks to assess geographic genetic structure. Analysis of molecular variance indicated that 99% of the genetic variation was explained by variability within drainages....
Abstract Comparative studies were performed on two native lamprey species, Pacific lamprey (Lampetra tridentata) and western brook lamprey (Lampetra richardsoni) from the Pacific coast along with sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) from the Great Lakes, to investigate their bile acid production and release.HPLCand ELISA analyses of the gall bladders and liver extract revealed that the major bile acid compound from Pacific and western brook larval lampreys was petromyzonol sulfate (PZS), previously identified as a migratory pheromone in larval sea lamprey. An ELISA for PZS has been developed in aworking range of 20 pg–10 ng per well. The tissue concentrations of PZS in gall bladder were 127.40, 145.86, and 276.96g/g...
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