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This report embodies a review describing the potential impacts on aquatic vegetation from waves generated by commercial and recreational vessel traffic, and contrasts these impacts with effects of natural forces. The review was undertaken as part of a Corps of Engineers study on navigation impacts on the Upper Mississippi River. Interactions between waves and aquatic vegetation are summarized in the report. Waves act directly by uprooting or fragmenting plants. Wave action can resuspend and transport sediments, resulting in altered sediment texture and sediment resuspension. Changes in sediment texture potentially affect plant nutrition. Resuspended sediments can limit plant photosynthesis, due to reduced availability...
Management of water surface elevations at 27 dams affects much of the floodplain habitat in a 653-mi stretch of the Upper Mississippi River (UMR) between St. Louis, Missouri, and Minneapolis, Minnesota. In 1930, Congress authorized most of these dams to maintain a 9-foot navigation channel. This report provides a systemic overview of current operating plans at dams on the UMR and analyzes historical data to determine how well the operating plans are being met. Water level elevations at all 27 dams on the UMR are regulated as a function of discharge, although plans are specific for each dam. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers strives to maintain a target water level at a specific location in a pool (control point)...
Guidance is provided for planning a photointerpretation project, including acquisition of materials, classification, photo preparation and interpretation, field work, and quality control. The Environmental Management Technical Center should follow these guidelines. The planning process is divided into several steps: (1) initial project scoping, which includes determining client needs; (2) project planning; (3) acquiring imagery, whether new or existing; (4) obtaining collateral data; (5) adapting a classification system, whether the system is a new one or existing classification; (6) preparing a flightline index; (7) preparing photos for interpretation; (8) field verification; (9) photointerpretation; and (10) quality...
Aquatic vegetation of the Upper Mississippi River System is monitored as part of the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program. This report summarizes the 1994 effort of monitoring submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV) along transects permanently established in vegetated locations within four navigation pools of the Upper Mississippi River and one navigation pool of the Illinois River. A total of 17 species of SAV were found along transects during the 1994 season. Several additional species were found during informal surveys. More species of submersed aquatic macrophytes were found along transects in lower Pool 4 than in any other reach. Across all pools, sago pondweed (Potamogeton pectinatus) was the species most frequently...
In 1992, macroinvertebrate sampling was initiated in Pools 4, 8, 13, 26, and the Open River reach of the Mississippi River, and La Grange Pool of the Illinois River as part of the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program. Long-term monitoring is needed to detect population trends and local changes in aquatic ecosystems. Mayflies (Ephemeridae), fingernail clams (Sphaeriidae), and the exotic Asiatic clam (Corbicula) were selected for monitoring. Midges (Chironomidae) were added to the sampling design in 1993 and zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) in 1995. Mayflies, fingernail clams, and midges, members of the softsubstrate community, were chosen because they play an important ecological role in the Upper Mississippi...
The Long Term Resource Monitoring Program (LTRMP) completed 2,797 collections of fishes from stratified random and permanently fixed sampling locations in six study reaches of the Upper Mississippi River System during 1997. Collection methods included day and night electrofishing, hoop netting, fyke netting (two net sizes), gill netting, seining, and trawling in select aquatic area classes. The six LTRMP study reaches are Pools 4 (excluding Lake Pepin), 8, 13, and 26 of the Upper Mississippi River, an unimpounded reach of the Mississippi River near Cape Girardeau, Missouri, and the La Grange Pool of the Illinois River. A total of 66 76 fish species were detected in each study reach. For each of the six LTRMP study...
The need for effective monitoring programs to detect population status and trends and to measure the effectiveness of management actions has been voiced by a number of management agencies. It is prudent for any long-term monitoring program to periodically undergo evaluation. In 2002, an evaluation of the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program's (LTRMP) macroinvertebrate component was begun to determine whether its current design was still appropriate based on LTRMP objectives, partner needs, and expected funding levels. The following report discusses the history and sampling design of the component and the results of an evaluation survey and workshop conducted with LTRMP partners. The survey and workshop were the...
The authors examined three methods to evaluate Shovelnose Sturgeon, Scaphirhynchus platorynchus, mortality. Mortality is a key parameter in understanding the dynamics of any fish population. The Mississippi River was sampled in two distinct but connected geomorphic sections: upper Mississippi River and the middle Mississippi River. The three methods (e.g., ratio of first year recruits to all recruits [Heincke’s method], a linearized weighted catch curve, and an open system mark–recapture mortality approach) provided varying results, and our data indicated that a single method to estimate Shovlenose Sturgeon mortality rate may not be appropriate. As such, biologists must recognize that disparities in Shovelnose...
Fisheries monitoring as part of Long Term Resource Monitoring has been conducted on Pool 13 of the Upper Mississippi River since 1989. In this span, over 780,000 fish representing 88 species were collected in Pool 13. Eight of these species are currently listed as endangered, threatened, or of special concern by the State of Iowa. Fisheries monitoring in 2011 represented the nineteenth year of stratified random sampling. A total of 300 fish samples were completed in 2011, yielding 12,899 fish of 59 species. Emerald shiner ranked first in total abundance during 1989-2011, with mimic shiner ranked second and bluegill third. Freshwater drum, largemouth bass, white bass, common carp, and black crappie were the next...
This report on the 1993 flood on the Mississippi River in Illinois and on the lower reaches of the Illinois River was prepared by the Illinois State Water Survey with assistance from the Illinois Department of Transportation/Division of Water Resources and the Illinois Natural History Survey. The report begins with a brief description of the physical setting of the Upper Mississippi River System, including historical facts on climate, precipitation, hydrology, and floods. The 1993 flood is discussed with regard to precipitation, soil moisture, stages, flows, levee breaches, and discharge through levee breaches. Also discussed are impacts of the flood on social, economic, hydraulic and hydrologic, and environmental...
Aquatic vegetation of the Upper Mississippi River System is monitored as part of the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program. This report summarizes the 1992 effort of monitoring submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV) along transects permanently established in vegetated locations within four navigation pools of the Upper Mississippi River and one navigation pool of the Illinois River. More species of submersed aquatic macrophytes were found along transects in lower Pool 4 than in any other reach. La Grange Pool and Pool 26 transects had the fewest species. Across all pools, sago pondweed (Potamogeton pectinatus) and coon's tail (Ceratophyllum demersum) were the species most frequently found. Several species of SAV were...
This manual provides training for student interns in Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The manual provides an overview of GIS and uses standard operating procedures generated at the Environmental Management Technical Center (EMTC). Included are exercises for digitizing, editing, attributing, projecting, mapjoining, manipulating, analyzing, and displaying geographic data. Training with this manual allows students to receive hands-on experience with GIS to prepare them for projects at the EMTC.
Sediment transport is highly variable in space and time and a natural part of the river environment. Important linkages exist between sediment transport processes and riverine aquatic habitats. If the sediment load or bed sediment type changes, there are usually ecological consequences. The responses are usually complex, long lasting, and may be beneficial or detrimental to a given resource. Undesirable consequences of water projects that modify sediment size distribution or load may be avoided or mitigated when designers know about the relationships between aquatic habitats and sediment transport. Accordingly, this paper has summarized knowledge linking sediment transport and aquatic ecology. Often hydraulic engineers...
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