Folders: ROOT > ScienceBase Catalog > Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center (UMESC) > Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center Data > Laurentian Great Lakes > GLRI: Avian Botulism in Distressed Great Lakes Environments ( Show direct descendants )
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ROOT _ScienceBase Catalog __Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center (UMESC) ___Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center Data ____Laurentian Great Lakes _____GLRI: Avian Botulism in Distressed Great Lakes Environments Filters
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Attributes of dives (i.e., proportion of time underwater, depth of dive, ascent and descent rates, duration of dive, time within 2 m of maximum depth, post dive surface interval) are extracted from pressure data, where depth (m) = pressure (dbars) * 1.019716 using the SAS software code provided. Dives were considered to be submergence below the water surface, which are define as recorded depth of >0.8 m (typical body length of adult common loons in this study). Because pressure data were collected at 20-sec intervals, we interpolated the times of both dive initiation and surfacing. Average ascent and descent rates were estimated individually for each loon and used to interpolate these times, where rates were based...
We surveyed fixed-width transects to determine waterbird distribution and estimate relative density. Transects generally paralleled shorelines to maximize efficiency and safety. Fixed-width transects were spaced at 3.2 and 4.8 km intervals and extended up to 32 km offshore so as to include waters with depth up to 80 m. Transects were established using snapPLAN software (TRACK’AIR Aerial Survey Systems, The Netherlands). Surveys were flown at an average ground speed of about 220 km/h at an altitude of about 61-76 m above the water using a US Fish and Wildlife Service fix-winged aircraft (Partenavia P68 Observer 2). Two trained observers, one on each side of the plane, identified and tallied waterbirds within 200...
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Aerial Survey,
Distribution,
Lake Michigan,
common loon
Implantable satellite transmitters (e.g., Model PTT-100, Microwave Telemetry, Inc) were incorporated into the study to provide fine-resolution location data for a sample of the adult male common loons fitted with geolocator tags in 2010 and 2011. Transmitters were implanted in the abdominal cavity following procedures developed by Korschgen et al. (1996). The satellite transmitters were programmed to transmit on a variable schedule based on the anticipated stage of migration during the loon’s annual cycle - 8 hours on:72 hours off during the breeding season, 8 hours on:24 hours off while migrating, 6 to 8 hours on:96 hours off on the wintering grounds, and 8 hours on:24 hours off during spring migration, and 8 hours...
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Lake Michigan,
Platform Terminal Transmitter,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
common loon,
distribution,
Breeding common loons for the movement and foraging pattern study were obtained from lakes in central and northern Minnesota and Wisconsin, and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan during summers 2010-2012. Both adults of a territorial pair were fitted with archival geolocator tags (Model LAT 2500; 34.6 x 8.3 mm, 4.4 g; Lotek Wireless Inc.). A combination of adhesive and plastic cable ties were used to affix the geolocator tag to a modified lock-on aluminum leg band. Tags were programmed to collect daily location estimates for up to two years, tag temperature (0.02o C accuracy, ≤ 0.05o C resolution) at 30-min intervals, and pressure data (±1% accuracy, 0.05% resolution) at 20-sec intervals during daylight hours to document...
Categories: Data;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Archival geolocator tag,
Lake Michigan,
common loon,
dive attributes,
foraging patterns
Common loons (Gavia immer) staging on the Great Lakes during fall migration are at risk to episodic outbreaks of type E botulism. Information on distribution, foraging patterns, and exposure routes of loons are needed for understanding the physical and ecological factors that contribute to avian botulism outbreaks. Aerial surveys were conducted to document the spatiotemporal distribution of common loons on Lake Michigan during falls 2011–2013. In addition, satellite telemetry and archival geolocator tags were used to determine the distribution and foraging patterns of individual common loons while using Lake Michigan during fall migration. Common loon distribution observed during aerial surveys and movements of...
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