Effects of Pseudomonas fluorescens, strain CL145A, SDP (Zequanox®) on non-target macroinvertebrates: Gammarus sp. (Order Amphipoda) and Hexaginid (Family Ephemeridae) mayfly nymphs: Data

Zequanox® is a commercial formulation of the killed bacterium, Pseudomonas fluorescens (strain CL145A) that has USEPA approval for use in open water to kill dreissenid mussels. Previous nontarget studies demonstrated the safety and selectivity of the product, but the database is limited for macroinvertebrate taxa and exposure conditions. We evaluated the safety of the product to two high value macroinvertebrates, the amphipod Gammarus lacustris lacutris, and nymphs of the burrowing mayfly, Hexagenia spp., at the maximum approved concentration (100 mg/L A.I.) and exposure duration (8 h). Survival of animals was measured at the end of 8 h exposure and at 24 h post-exposure and 96 h post-exposure. Additionally, histological changes in [...]