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Passive seismic data collection was done northwest of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) at Edwards Air Force Base using the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) technique. HVSR surveys were done at 43 locations between May and September 2018 to refine the understanding of the bedrock-alluvial aquifer transition zone downgradient from the AFRL. Specifically, the data were collected to help determine the depth to bedrock. The HVSR method is a passive seismic technique that uses a three-component seismometer to measure the vertical and horizontal components of ambient seismic noise. Seismic noise in the range of ~0.1 to 1 Hertz (Hz) is caused by ocean waves, large regional storms, and tectonic sources....
Categories: Data;
Tags: Antelope-Fremont Valleys,
Boron,
California,
Edwards Air Force Base,
Kern County,
Geophysical and Other Data From an Irrigation Monitoring Experiment at Haddam Meadows, CT, July 2019
An irrigation monitoring experiment was performed in Haddam Meadows State Park, Connecticut, on July 16, 2019. Prior to this experiment, ground penetrating radar (GPR), frequency domain electromagnetics (FDEM), and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) geophysical data were collected over a 20 meter by 10-meter grid to provide baseline information. A vertical soil moisture probe was installed in the center of this area that recorded volumetric water content, temperature, and electrical conductivity at 9 discrete depths down to 1 meter below land surface. Over the next 8 hours, 5,300 liters of irrigation water (with specific conductance of 1,000 microSiemens per centimeter) was sprayed as evenly as practical over...
This dataset contains field measurements of lakebed groundwater temperatures collected during three surveys in July 2008, August 2014, and August 2015, by using a handheld thermocouple probe and GPS at a permeable reactive barrier at Ashumet Pond, Falmouth, MA. The comma-separated file includes unique site identifiers, locations of measurement points, temperatures, dates, and types of measurement (groundwater, surface water, or control). Also included are ESRI raster datasets for each measurement date for (1) interpolated lakebed groundwater temperatures, and (2) interpolated lakebed groundwater temperatures normalized to the surface water temperature at the time of measurement. This data release is provided...
In June 2018, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) collected geophysical measurements to help evaluate the suitability of a proposed landfill site for disposing mine-waste materials in Fredericktown, MO. Frequency domain electromagnetic (FDEM) induction data were collected along the edge of the water. The antenna was placed on a plastic frame and held approximately 1 m above the water surface. The antenna was mounted on a raft that was towed behind a canoe. All unprocessed and processed data including the in-phase and quadrature components in parts per million, electrical conductivity (EC) in milliSiemens per meter (mS/m), and magnetic susceptibility in...
This dataset contains field measurements of temperature in shallow vertical profiles beneath a lake-bottom in the vicinity of a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) at Ashumet Pond, Falmouth, MA. From August 21, 2015 – September 3, 2015 vertical temperature profilers designed to quantify groundwater upwelling dynamics were installed at seven locations. Hollow stainless steel pipes (2.5 cm OD) were slotted horizontally to allow installation of iButton thermal data loggers (Maxim Integrated DS1922L, 0.0625 oC precision) protected with waterproof silicone caulking. The temperature profilers were gently tapped into the cobbly bed by first driving guide-hole of slightly smaller diameter. After installation, the thermal loggers...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Cape Cod,
Falmouth,
Massachusetts,
groundwater,
groundwater and surface-water interaction,
In 2022, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the New Hampshire Department of Transportation (NHDOT) made 107 horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) passive seismic geophysical measurements at four transportation infrastructure sites in New Hampshire to determine the benefits of HVSR as an enhancement to traditional geotechnical site characterizations performed by NHDOT. Typically, data are obtained from the subsurface during borings to characterize geotechnical properties but often borings are spaced hundreds of feet apart. Geotechnical site characterization guided by geophysical surveys (such as the HVSR method) between borings will help provide a more thorough characterization. By combining...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Canterbury, NH,
Geophysics,
Geophysics,
Groundwater,
Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) Seismic,
The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) is about 7 kilometers southwest of Boron, California, and covers 320 square kilometers of Edwards Air Force Base. The AFRL consists of 12 facilities for testing full-size rocket engines, engine components, and liquid and solid propellants. The historical release of contaminants from rocket test stands, evaporation ponds, burn pits, catch basins, and leaking waste-collection tanks has contaminated groundwater in the AFRL. Groundwater aquifers near the AFRL are mostly restricted to fractured granitic bedrock, but previous studies indicate that groundwater and associated contaminants have moved into alluvium to the north and northwest. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the...
Time-domain electromagnetic (TEM) surveys were done northwest of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) at Edwards Air Force Base. TEM surveys were done at 33 locations between May and October 2018 to refine the understanding of the bedrock-alluvial aquifer transition zone downgradient from the AFRL. TEM surveys (also called transient electromagnetic surveys) provide 1D resistivity soundings of the subsurface, which can be related to lithology and hydrogeology. In the TEM method, electrical current is cycled through a transmitter loop (Tx) wire, which in turn produces a primary magnetic field. When the current is abruptly terminated, a secondary magnetic field is induced in the earth, and it moves downward and...
Categories: Data;
Types: Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service,
Shapefile;
Tags: Antelope-Fremont Valleys,
Boron,
California,
Edwards Air Force Base,
Kern County,
A suite of geophysical methods was used along the Cedar River in Cedar Rapids, Iowa to support the hydrogeologic characterization of the alluvial aquifer associated with the river and to assess the area for suitability for larger-scale airborne geophysics. The aquifer is comprised of sand and gravel, interbedded with finer sediments, and underlain by carbonate-dominated bedrock. The aquifer is the principal source of municipal drinking water for the City of Cedar Rapids. The raw data provided here includes waterborne continuous resistivity profiling (CRP) and continuous seismic profiling (CSP) data (collected at the same time), electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) profiles, and horizontal-to-vertical spectral...
In June 2018, U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) collected geophysical measurements to help evaluate the suitability of a proposed landfill site for disposing mine-waste materials in Fredericktown, MO. Shear-wave (Vs) refraction surveys were collected to measure the shear-wave velocity of the subsurface, which can be used for estimating the depth to rock with the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) passive seismic reconnaissance method. A secondary objective was to determine the depth of interfaces for comparison to the resistivity surveys and frequency domain electromagnetic profiles.
From October 2016 to July 2018, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and Maine Department of Transportation, collected surface, marine and borehole geophysical surveys to characterize the subsurface materials on land and under the water at a former mine facility in Brooksville, Maine. Three water-based geophysical methods were used to evaluate the geometry and composition of subsurface materials. Continuous seismic profiling (CSP) methods provide the depth to water bottom, and, when sufficient signal penetration can be achieved, delineate the depth to bedrock and subbottom materials. Continuous resistivity profiling (CRP) and frequency domain electromagnetics (FDEM) methods...
This dataset contains field measurements of direct groundwater seepage by using half-barrel style seepage meters permanently installed in a lake-bottom permeable reactive barrier (PRB) at Ashumet Pond, Falmouth, MA. The meters are a modified version of a standard half-barrel seepage meter. Each meter consists of a 208-L polyethylene, corrosion-inhibiting drum cut to a length of 0.8 m and fitted with a removable 0.56-m-diameter lid. A 1.3-cm-diameter hole was drilled into each lid to allow outflow or inflow to be measured. During installation, the top rim of each barrel was positioned to be at the expected grade after backfilling. Between 2004 and 2015, seepage rates at each meter were measured annually, with the...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Cape Cod,
Falmouth,
Massachusetts,
groundwater,
groundwater and surface-water interaction,
This data release includes comma-delimited datafiles (.CSV files) and geospatial datasets (GIS shapefile and raster datasets) from a survey of lake-bottom temperatures using a Fiber-Optic Distributed Temperature Sensing (FO-DTS) system in May 2007. The distribution of lakebed temperatures was determined over an 18-hour period in May 2007 using a LIOS fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing (FO-DTS) system (LIOS Technology, Cologne, Germany) connected to a 1000-m-long fiber cable shielded with rubberized armoring. The FO-DTS system measures temperature by means of optical fibers that function as linear sensors of temperature dependent laser light backscatter, producing temperature values to an accuracy of 0.01oC...
Water levels in Goose Pond were collected while collecting geophysical surveys in May 2017. Three transducers were set to monitor the change in water level associated with tidal changes.
On June 5, 2015, transient electromagnetic (TEM) data were acquired on the baseball field at the East Falmouth, Massachusetts Elementary School approximately 30 m north the well MA-FWS-750. Transient electromagnetic induction (TEM) surveys provide resistivity soundings of the subsurface, which can be related to lithology and hydrogeology. Electrical current is cycled through a wire placed on the land surface in a transmitter loop (Tx), which in turn produces a static magnetic field. When the current is abruptly terminated, an instantaneous current is induced in the earth, and it moves downward and outward as the induced current decays with time. The decay is controlled by the resistivity of the earth. One or more...
In summer in Massachusetts, USA, preferential groundwater discharge zones are often colder than adjacent streambed areas that do not have substantial discharge. Therefore, discharge zones can efficiently be identified and mapped over space using heat as a tracer. This data release contains fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing (FO-DTS) data collected along the streambed interface of the main channel and tributaries of the upper Quashnet River, within approximately 1 km of Johns Pond, from June 14 to June 20, 2020. For these deployments a Salixa XT-DTS control unit (Salixa Ltd, Hertfordshire, UK) was used, and measurements were made over several day increments at 0.508 m linear resolution. Specific locations...
Categories: Data;
Types: Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
Shapefile;
Tags: Cape Cod,
Groundwater,
Mashpee,
Massachusetts,
Quashnet River,
In June 2017, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)collected borehole geophysical logs to characterize the shallow alluvial aquifer in and near Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Borehole geophysical logs were collected from nine shallow boreholes to identify geophysical properties of the aquifer in the area surrounding the boreholes. Electromagnetic induction logs were used to determine the electrical properties of the fluid and formation surrounding the borehole. A natural gamma tool was used to identify the naturally occurring gamma radiation that is emitted from the earth materials. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tools were used to measure the water content and estimate the pore-size distribution and hydraulic conductivity (K)...
On May 10, 2017 an electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) profile was collected on the land along the gravel path between the water and the slime impoundment associated with the former mine activities. A total of 56 electrodes, spaced 1 m apart, extended along the base of the slope. Electrode 1 was near monitoring well MW-701 and electrode 56 was near MW-702. In the ERT measurement current is injected through two current electrodes and voltage is measured sequentially across multiple pairs of potential electrodes, which is used to determine the apparent resistivity of the subsurface. In addition, induced polarization (IP) was measured to assess the presence of chargeable layers. Two surveys were collected in dipole-dipole...
The horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) method is a passive seismic technique that uses a three-component seismometer to measure the vertical and horizontal components of ambient seismic noise. Seismic noise in the range of ~0.1 to 1 Hertz (Hz) is caused by ocean waves, large regional storms, and tectonic sources. A resonance frequency (f0) is induced in the unconsolidated when there is a substantial contrast (greater than 2:1) in shear-wave acoustic impedance between the overburden and the bedrock. The f0 is determined from the analysis of the spectral ratio of the horizontal and vertical components of the seismic data. The thickness of the overburden can be related to the f0. In general, lower f0 relates...
Surface and water-borne geophysical methods can provide information for the characterization of the subsurface structure of the earth for aquifer investigations. Floating and towed transient electromagnetic (FloaTEM and tTEM) surveys provide resistivity soundings of the subsurface, which can be related to lithology and hydrogeology. In the TEM method, a primary electrical current is cycled through a wire in a transmitter loop (Tx), which in turn produces a static primary magnetic field. When the current in the TX loop is abruptly terminated, secondary electrical currents are induced in the earth that move downward and outward decaying with time. The decay of the secondary electrical field is controlled by the subsurface...
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